A full-scale sequencing batch reactor system for swine wastewater treatment

A full-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system was evaluated for its ability to remove carbon and nitrogen from swine wastewater. The SBR was operated on four, six-hour cycles each day, with each cycle consisting of 4.5 hours of “React,” 0.75 hours of “Settling”, 0.75 hours for “Draw” and “Fill.” Within each cycle, an amount of wastewater equivalent to about 5% of the reactor volume (5,500 litres) was removed and added. The SBR system was able to remove 82% of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and more than 75% of nitrogen. Even though the SBR effluent, with an average effluent BOD₅ of about 588 mg L^{? 1}, did not meet the discharge criteria, it enabled a reduction of the land base required for land application of swine wastewater by about 75%. Results indicated that the SBR system was a viable method for the treatment of swine wastewater.     

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification with anoxic phosphorus uptake in a membrane bioreactor system.

The performance of an innovative membrane bioreactor (MBR) process using anoxic phosphorus uptake with nitrification and denitrification for the treatment of municipal wastewater with respect to operational performance and effluent quality is addressed in this paper. The system was operated at steady-state conditions with a synthetic acetate-based wastewater at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 12 hours and on degritted municipal wastewater at a total system HRT of 6 hours. The MBR system was able to achieve 99% biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and ammonia-nitrogen (NH4(+)-N); 98% total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN); and 97% phosphorus removal, producing effluent BOD, COD, NH4+-N, TKN, nitrate-nitrogen, nitrite-nitrogen, and phosphate-phosphorus of <3, 14, 0.2, 0.26, 5.8, 0.21, and <0.01 mg/L, respectively, at the 6-hour HRT. The comparison of the synthetic and municipal wastewater run is presented in this paper. Steady-state mass balance on municipal wastewater was performed to reveal some key features of the modified MBR system.     

曝气生物滤池中碳和氮代谢特性

用充填陶瓷滤料的曝气生物滤池研究碳和氮代谢特性.曝气生物滤池进水氨氮为52 mg/L左右、COD为100 mg/L左右和回流比为200%时,经过20多d的运行,出水氨氮小于0.05 mg/L、COD小于25 mg/L、亚硝态氮为4.7 mg/L和硝态氮为7.1 mg/L,COD去除率达75%,氨氮去除率达99.9%,总氮去除率达78%;过大和过小的回流比对曝气生物滤池的运行性能都是不利的.研究成果可以应用于一般城市污水以及含低COD、高氨氮工业废水的处理.     

SBR处理高浓度养猪废水工艺条件

以养猪场废水作为研究对象,采用序列间歇式活性污泥法SBR,通过实验研究了供气量、pH、排泥量、原水稀释倍数、水力停留时间（HRT）对SBR出水水质的影响。结果表明,供气量为375 L/（min·m³）、pH为8.0,并添加排泥100 mL的操作,可使SBR处理效果明显提高,COD、磷和凯氏氮去除率最高分别可达96.37%、94.14%、99.38%。逐步降低进水稀释倍数有利于培养出处理高浓度有机养猪废水的活性污泥,可将平均COD、磷和凯氏氮含量高达9 161.24、33.41和1 502.77 mg/L的养猪废水处理至出水的490.11、5.35和17.84 mg/L。降低HRT对SBR去除率影响不大。     

Decolorization and biodegradation of dye wastewaters by a facultative-aerobic process

BACKGROUND: Dye wastewater is one of the main pollution sources of water bodies in China. Conventional biological processes are relatively ineffective for color removal, the development of alternative treatment methods will become important. Our subjective was that of introducing a new biotreatment technology which combined a facultative biofilm reactor (FBR) with an aerobic reactor (AR) to treat a dye wastewater. The efficiencies of color and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and the mechanism of dye degradation were investigated. METHODS: The anthraquinone acid dye (acid blue BRLL) concentration, organic loading rate (OLR) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were varied in the experiments to evaluate the treatment efficiency and process stability. The biodegradation products were detected by infrared (IR) and high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The results demonstrated that the facultative biofilm process was more effective for decolorization than the anaerobic stage of an anaerobic-aerobic process. Most color removal occurred in the facultative reaction (maximum to 88.5%) and the BOD (biochemical oxygen demand): COD of the FBR effluent increased by 82.2%, thus improving the biodegradability of dyes for further aerobic treatment. The dye concentration, OLR and HRT will be the factors affecting decolorization. Color removal efficiency falls as the influent dye concentration increases, but rises with increased HRT. The infrared and HPLC-MS analyses of the effluents of FBR and AR reveal that the dye parent compound was degraded in each reactor during the process. CONCLUSION: The Facultative-aerobic (F-A) system can effectively remove both color and COD from the dye wastewater. The FBR played an essential role in the process. The average overall color and COD in the system were removed by more than 93.9% and 97.1%, respectively, at an OLR of 1.1 kg COD m(-3) d(-1) and at the HRT of 18-20 hours in the FBR and 4-5 hours in the AR. The color removal mechanism in each reactor was not only a sort of biosorption on the floc materials, but even more an effect of biodegradation, especially in the facultative process. Recommendation and Outlook. In applying the F-A system to treat a dye wastewater, the control of facultative processes and the set up of appropriate operation conditions appear to be critical factors. Also, it is suggested a moderate COD loading rate and about a 24-hour HRT will favor the F-A system.     

固定化微生物强化处理对甲苯胺模拟废水的研究

采用新型固定化载体大孔吸附树脂X-5固定化微生物强化SBR处理对甲苯胺模拟废水,与对照组相比,通过投加大孔吸附树脂X-5固定化微生物可以有效提高反应器的处理效率.在进水TOC浓度为434.8 mg/L,对甲苯胺浓度为326.9 mg/L的条件下,强化组可在100 min左右将TOC和对甲苯胺基本去除完全,去除率在99%以上.对照组则需要300min才能达到相近的去除效果.强化组对氨氮同样具有较好的硝化效果,出水氨氮浓度在10 mg/L以下.     

固定化微生物强化处理对甲苯胺模拟废水的研究

采用新型固定化载体大孔吸附树脂X-5固定化微生物强化SBR处理对甲苯胺模拟废水，与对照组相比，通过投加大孔吸附树脂X-5固定化微生物可以有效提高反应器的处理效率。在进水TOC浓度为434．8mg／L，对甲苯胺浓度为326．9mg／L的条件下，强化组可在100min左右将TOC和对甲苯胺基本去除完全，去除率在99％以上。对照组则需要300min才能达到相近的去除效果。强化组对氨氮同样具有较好的硝化效果，出水氨氮浓度在10mg／L以下。     

固定化菌藻系统对污水处理厂出水的深度处理

将海藻酸钠固定化活性污泥和小球藻制成颗粒小球,以自制的流化床反应器对重庆市某污水处理厂出水进行深度处理,探讨了系统对氨氮、TP、COD的去除效果,实验结果表明:在HRT=12 h,溶解氧浓度为3.0 mg/L左右,pH值为6.2至8.0之间,环境室温条件下,系统对氨氮、TP、COD均有较好的去除效果,系统稳定运行后对氨氮、TP、COD去除率基本维持在60%、60%和30%以上,出水氨氮、TP、COD浓度基本维持在8、0.5和40 mg/L以下,出水浓度达到了《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918-2002)的一级A标准。这项研究显示固定化菌藻胶球系统在污水处理厂出水的深度处理中具有潜在的应用前景。     

优化控制SBR工艺处理养猪废水中试研究

采用优化控制SBR工艺对北京某种猪场的养殖粪尿污水进行了中试处理研究。所建立的自控系统通过ORP实时曲线上的“硝酸盐膝点”和pH实时曲线上的“氨谷点”分别对碳源投加和曝气时间进行优化控制,实现根据水质变化适当补充所需碳源,并有效节省曝气能耗。中试反应器10个月的连续运行结果表明,系统对于氨氮和COD的去除率分别达到97%和95%。     

序批式反应器用于牛场污水的处理

对序批式反应器 (SBR)用于牛场污水的处理进行了试验研究 ,主要研究了三个水力停留时间 (HRT)和有机负荷率对污染物去除率、出水水质和污泥特性的影响。试验结果表明 ,对 10 0 0 0mg/LCOD牛场污水 ,使用 1dHRT ,相应有机负荷率为 10gCOD/L·d时 ,混合出水COD、TS、VS、TKN和TN的去除率分别为 45 %、2 1.4%、34 .2 %、5 3.2 %和 2 2 .2 % ,上清液出水的分别为 80 .2 %、6 3.4%、6 6 .2 %、75 %和 38.3% ;两种出水的SCOD和NH3 N去除率相同 ,分别为 5 0 .0 %和 76 .5 %。经SBR处理后 ,污泥的沉降浓缩性能也有了比较明显的改善。     

污水土壤含水层处理系统原理、管理、效率和应用

论述了污水土壤含水层处理系统中的地球化学过程.该系统通过对污染物的机械过滤、生物化学转化和降解过程、吸附/解吸过程、氧化/还原过程、沉淀/溶解过程、以及矿物的合成过程净化污水.运作周期通常为1～2 d灌水/4～5 d排干,年水力负荷变化于15～100 m之间,应根据季节变化调整水力负荷.该系统能有效去除污水中的微生物和悬浮物,降低COD和BOD含量,和去除潜在的有毒的无机成分,如重金属和含氧阴离子.作为一种低投资、低能耗、高净化效率、运行简单的自然的污水处理技术,其在世界各国得到了广泛应用.我国部分地区水资源极其短缺,在土壤和气候条件适合的地区,应用土壤含水层处理技术处理污水,实现污水资源化,既解决了污水污染环境问题,又将在一定程度上缓解该地区的水资源短缺问题,对于经济与环境的协调发展具有重要意义.     

Carbon and nutrient removal from on-site wastewater using extended-aeration activated sludge and ion exchange.

The need to improve on-site wastewater treatment processes is being realized as populations move into more environmentally sensitive regions and regulators adopt the total maximum daily load approach to watershed management. Under many conditions, septic systems do not provide adequate treatment; therefore, advanced systems are required. These systems must remove significant amounts of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and suspended solids, and substantially nitrify, denitrify, and remove phosphorus. Many existing advanced on-site wastewater systems effectively remove BOD, suspended solids, and ammonia, but few substantially denitrify and uptake phosphorus. The purpose of this research was to design and test modifications to an existing on-site wastewater treatment system to improve denitrification and phosphorus removal. The Nayadic (Consolidated Treatment Systems, Inc., Franklin, Ohio), an established, commercially available, extended-aeration, activated sludge process, was used to represent a typical existing system. Several modifications were considered based on a literature review, and the option with the best potential was tested. To improve denitrification, a supplemental treatment tank was installed before the Nayadic and a combination flow splitter, sump, and pump box with a recirculation system was installed after it. A recirculation pump returned a high proportion of the system effluent back to the supplemental treatment tank. Two supplemental treatment tank sizes, three flowrates, and three recirculation rates were tested. Actual wastewater was dosed as brief slugs to the system in accordance with a set schedule. Several ion-exchange resins housed in a contact column were tested on the effluent for their potential to remove phosphorus. Low effluent levels of five-day biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, and total nitrogen were achieved and substantial phosphorous removal was also achieved using a 3780-L supplemental treatment tank, a recirculation ratio of 5:1, and a fine-grain activated aluminum-oxide-exchange media. Good results were also obtained with an 1890-L supplemental treatment tank and a recirculation ratio of 3:1. The most significant benefit of the supplemental treatment tank, in combination with the recirculation system, appears to be the low nitrogen concentration dosed to the Nayadic. By reducing the nitrogen concentration and spreading out its mass over time during no-flow periods, the Nayadic's inherent low-level denitrifying capacity was more closely matched and effective treatment was achieved.     

ABR-SBR法处理草浆造纸中段废水试验研究

针对草浆造纸中段废水 ,进行了ABR、SBR及ABR SBR组合处理工艺的研究 ,结果表明 :ABR的HRT为 6h时 ,废水可生化性由 0 2— 0 2 5增加到 0 4— 0 5 ;SBR最佳HRT为 8h ,单独运行 ,COD去除率 6 5 %左右 ;ABR SBR组合工艺中SBR处理效果明显提高 ,COD去除率达 80 %左右 ,且组合工艺处理效果好 ,COD和BOD5去除率达 90 %左右 ,抗冲击负荷能力强。     

原位臭氧氧化污泥减量工艺的运行效能

采用ASBR/SBR原位臭氧污泥减量工艺,重点研究了原位臭氧氧化对SBR段污泥产率和出水水质的影响。两个相同的ASBR/SBR组合工艺同时运行,每隔3个周期向臭氧投加组SBR的曝气阶段原位间歇投加臭氧,臭氧投加量为0.027 g O3/g MLSS,连续运行40 d;对照组不投加臭氧作为对比。结果表明,原位臭氧氧化实现污泥减量约43.9%,臭氧投加组SBR段平均污泥产率系数为0.1447 g SS/g SCOD,而对照组为0.2580 g SS/g SCOD,投加组没有惰性污泥的累积,并且污泥沉淀性能得到改善。原位臭氧氧化对出水水质影响不大,投加组与对照组相比,臭氧投加3周期后的出水COD、NH4+-N、TN和TP平均值分别为47.8、0.76、14.1和6.4 mg/L,去除率分别下降了4%、2%、3%和7.7%,其中COD、NH4+-N和TN均能达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级A标准。     

Simultaneous nitrification-denitrification and clarification in a pseudoliquified activated sludge system.

This paper describes results from a pilot study of a novel wastewater treatment technology, which incorporates nutrient removal and solids separation to a single step. The pseudoliquified activated sludge process pilot system was tested on grit removal effluent at flowrates of 29.4 to 54.7 m3/d, three different solid residence times (SRT) (15, 37, and 57 days), and over a temperature range of 12 to 28 degrees C. Despite wide fluctuations in the influent characteristics, the system performed reliably and consistently with respect to organics and total suspended solids (TSS) removals, achieving biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and TSS reductions of > 96% and approximately 90%, respectively, with BOD5 and TSS concentrations as low as 3 mg/L. Although the system achieved average effluent ammonia concentrations of 2.7 to 3.2 mg/L, nitrification efficiency appeared to be hampered at low temperatures (< 15 degrees C). The system achieved tertiary effluent quality with denitrification efficiencies of 90 and 91% total nitrogen removal efficiency at a total hydraulic retention time of 4.8 hours and an SRT of 12 to 17 days. With ferric chloride addition, effluent phosphorous concentrations of 0.5 to 0.8 mg/L were achieved. Furthermore, because of operation at high biomass concentrations and relatively long biological SRTs, sludge yields were over 50% below typical values for activated sludge plants. The process was modeled using activated sludge model No. 2, as a two-stage system comprised an aerobic activated sludge system followed by an anoxic system. Model predictions for soluble BOD, ammonia, nitrates, and orthophosphates agreed well with experimental data.     

UASB-SBR组合工艺处理畜禽养殖废水的研究

近年来,随着中国畜禽养殖业的快速发展,落后的养殖模式和污染防治设施,使畜禽养殖污染日趋严重,畜禽养殖污染已居农业污染源之首,已成为中国环境污染的重要因素,对环境质量乃至人体健康都会产生不良影响。文中采用UASB—SBR组合工艺处理畜禽养殖废水,通过试验探讨SBR反应器启动方法及最佳运行模式,同时研究UASB反应器的启动方法。结果表明,SBR运行的最佳模式为进水0.5 h、反应8 h、沉淀1 h、出水0.5 h、闲置14 h。经过一段时间的启动,UASB和SBR反应器均成功启动,UASB—SBR组合工艺在处理畜禽养殖废水时可获得稳定的处理效果,COD、氨氮、总磷等出水水质均达到《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(GB18596-2001)要求,为畜禽养殖废水处理的工程化应用提供了参考依据。     

UniFed SBR工艺除磷脱氮机理研究

采用UniFed SBR工艺试验装置处理实际生活污水,确定了出水不受进水扰动影响的合适排水比.当将进水/排水时间固定为2 h,排水比不高于41.67%时,可以实现进水与出水的分离,保证良好的出水水质.通过试验分析了UniFed SBR工艺的除磷脱氮机理在于:进水/排水阶段在反应池底部先后发生了反硝化作用和厌氧释磷反应,后续曝气阶段发生硝化作用和好氧吸磷,因此通过该工艺,可实现同步除磷脱氮.     

超声波处理回流剩余污泥对SBR工艺的污泥减量效能

在SBR中试系统中,采用较高声能密度较短时间的超声波处理剩余污泥后回流至系统连续运行20 d的方式进行污泥减量,通过分析测定系统MLSS、累计排泥量以及系统出水水质指标,考察了系统污泥减量效果及污泥回流对系统污水处理效果的影响。结果表明,对SBR系统2/3的剩余污泥用声能密度为1 W/mL的超声波预处理6 min后回流至SBR系统。SBR系统最终需处置的污泥量减少了45.64%,获得了理想的污泥减量效果。污泥回流后SBR系统对SS、COD、TN以及NH4+-N的去除效果均无明显变化,仅出水TP含量略高于对照的SBR,出水水质仍能达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)一级B标准。     

Full-scale experience for nitrogen removal from piggery waste.

The nitrogen-removal performances of three full-scale piggery wastewater treatment plants, with different organic and nitrogen loads, at the capacity ranges of 95 to 130 m3/d, were compared in this study. Plants 1 and 2 can be characterized as the modification of anoxic-aerobic operating systems, while an anaerobic and anoxic-aerobic system was used in plant 3. The influent piggery wastewater concentration for plant 1 was relatively lower, but with higher organic and nitrogen loads, resulting in higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium-nitrogen in effluent. Plant 2 was operated with strong piggery wastewater, resulting in a higher operating temperature. The high temperature could inhibit the nitrifying activity in plant 2. Although plant 3 was operated with a higher influent total COD-to-total Kjeldahl nitrogen ratio (TCOD:TKN), an additional external carbon source was required to polish the final effluent to remove nitrogen. Influent COD in plant 3 was used in the anaerobic-anoxic reactor for both methane (CH4) production and denitrification. Based on various mass balances, including caloric, COD, and alkalinity, the key elements for the successful nitrogen removal from the piggery waste were reactor temperature (less than 35degrees C), influent TCOD:TKN (greater than 6), and alkalinity-to-TKN ratio (greater than 3).     

Enzymatic treatment of sanitary landfill leachate

The objective of this investigation was to study the effectiveness of applying enzymes (bioaugmentation) for enhancement of biological treatability of leachates generated in a typical municipal solid waste sanitary landfill. The basic purpose of enzyme use is to enforce the biodecomposition of organic constituents, as well as to reduce nitrogen content. A laboratory-scale sequencing batch (bio)reactor (SBR) was used for the examination of enzymatic application. The effect of different operation strategies on the efficiency of this biological treatment process was studied to optimize performance, especially for the removal of nitrogen compounds and of biodegradable organic matter. It was found that the enzymatic process was able to remove organic matter effectively (expressed as BOD5 and COD) and nitrogen content, color and turbidity.