Combination of adsorption and biodegradation processes for textile e uent treatment using a granular activated carbon-biofilm configured packed column system

The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using a granular activated carbon-biofilm configured packed column system in the deeolodzation of azo dye Acid Orange 7-containing wastewater.The Acid Orange 7-degrading microbial from anaerobic sequencing batch reactor which treating the azo dye-containing wastewater for more than 200 d was immobilized on spent granular activated carbon(GAC)through attachment.The GAC-biofilm configured packed column system showed the ability to decolorize...     

Mechanisms of granular activated carbon anaerobic fluidized-bed process for treating phenols wastewater

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颗粒活性炭对水中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯的吸附特性

研究了颗粒活性炭(GAC)对水中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)的静态与动态吸附特性.结果表明,Freundlich和Langmuir等温线模型可以较好的拟合GAC对DMP的吸附.GAC对DMP的吸附容量较大,溶液初始浓度为200mg/L时,GAC对DMP的动态和最大静态吸附容量分别为484.60,450.89mg/g.考察了不同流速条件下(0.65～4.00mL/min)GAC吸附DMP的穿透特性,Yoon-Nelson模型能很好地拟合DMP在GAC柱中的穿透曲线,根据试验数据和Yoon-Nelson模型计算出穿透参数K′、T和穿透点t1以及平衡点t2.在建立了进水流量与Yoon-Nelson穿透模型的参数之间的关系基础上,得到了活性炭柱出水浓度与进水流量和穿透时间之间的动态关系模型.     

活性炭催化过二硫酸盐降解水中AO7

过二硫酸盐（persulfate,PS）活化技术是基于硫酸根自由基（SO 4^-.）的一种新型高级氧化技术.用颗粒状活性炭（GAC）常温常压下直接非均相催化PS来降解水中难生化偶氮染料AO7（acid orange 7）.结果表明,GAC/PS体系对AO7不但能够快速脱色,而且有较高的矿化率.n（PS）∶n（AO7）为...     

Electrochemical in situ regeneration of granular activated carbon using a three-dimensional reactor

Electrochemical in situ regeneration of granular activated carbon (GAC) saturated with phenol was experimentally investigated using a three-dimensional electrode reactor with titanium filter electrode arrays. The feasibility of the electrochemical regeneration has been assessed by monitoring the regeneration efficiency and chemical oxygen demand (COD). The influence of the applied current, the effluent flow rate, and the effluent path of the electrochemical cell have been systematically studied. Under the optimum conditions, the regeneration efficiency of GAC could reach 94% in 2 hr, and no significant declination was observed after five-time continuous adsorption-regeneration cycles. The adsorption of organic pollutants was almost completely mineralized due to electrochemical oxidation, indicating that this regeneration process is much more potentially cost-effective for application.     

碳基吸附剂对典型有机防晒剂二苯甲酮-3的吸附性能及热力学研究

针对环境水体中药物及个人护理用品(PPCPs)的污染问题,选择在环境水体中存在的有机紫外防晒剂二苯甲酮-3(BP-3)作为典型污染物,以颗粒活性炭(GAC)、粉末活性炭(PAC)和碳纳米管(CNT)作为吸附剂,考察吸附剂对BP-3的吸附性能、吸附特性和吸附热力学.结果表明:吸附性碳材料对BP-3具有良好的吸附性能,3种碳材料的最大吸附容量排列为:PACGACCNT,其中,PAC的单层最大吸附容量为450.36mg·g-1.Freundlich、Redlich-Peterson和Temkin吸附等温线方程能够较好地拟合吸附数据,Langmuir吸附等温线方程对PAC的吸附拟合效果较好,而对粒径较大的吸附剂(GAC、CNT)的拟合效果不理想.PAC、GAC的吸附过程可以采用一级动力学或者二级动力学模型拟合,而CNT适合采用一级动力学模型来描述.吸附热力学分析表明,PAC、GAC和CNT对BP-3的吸附过程都是自发进行的,其中,PAC和GAC的吸附过程是吸热的,升高温度有利于吸附反应的进行;而CNT的吸附过程是放热的.     

颗粒活性炭诱导亚硝化污泥快速颗粒化

采用两组平行SBR反应器,R1反应器投加颗粒活性炭,R2反应器不投加,其他运行参数保持一致.在常规生活污水中投加氨氮作为进水,研究颗粒活性炭对亚硝化颗粒污泥形成的影响.结果表明,在颗粒形成初期,投加的颗粒活性炭作为初始晶核,节约了小颗粒的形成时间,R1反应器仅22d便实现污泥颗粒化,而R2反应器运行38d才形成颗粒;同时,在整个运行阶段,R1反应器中的胞外聚合物(EPS)含量,尤其是其中的蛋白质(protein, PN)含量,明显高于R2反应器的,进一步证实颗粒活性炭的投加有利于亚硝化颗粒污泥的快速形成.除此之外,R1反应器中的氨氧化率和亚硝化率相对较高,且波动幅度小,表明颗粒活性炭的投加有助于维持亚硝化颗粒污泥处理效果的稳定性.     

Thermodynamics and kinetics of cadmium adsorption onto oxidized granular activated carbon

Cadmium sorption behavior of granular activated carbon oxidized with nitric acid was systematically studied by sets of the equilibrium and time-based experiments under various conditions.The cadmium adsorption capacity of oxidized granular activated carbon enlarged with an increase in pH,and reduced with an increase in ionic strength.Experimental data were evaluated to find out kinetic characteristics.Adsorption processes were found to follow pseudo-second order rate equation.Adsorption isotherms correlate well with the Langmuir isotherm model and the maximum sorption capacity of cadmium evaluated is 51.02μmol/g.Thermodynamic parameters were calculated based on Van't Hoff equation.Equilibrium constant Kd was evaluated from Freundlich isotherm model constants,Langmnir isotherm model constants,and isotherms,respectively.The average change of standard adsorption heatΔH~0 was -25.29 kJ/mol.NegativeΔH~0 andΔG~0 values indicate the adsorption process for cadmium onto the studied activated carbon is exothermic and spontaneous.The standard entropyΔS~0 was also negative,which suggests a decrease in the freedom of the system.     

水中高氯酸根的颗粒活性炭吸附过程及影响因素分析

通过批量实验研究了颗粒活性炭(GAC)对水中高氯酸根(ClO-4)的吸附特性,考察了pH、ClO-4初始浓度和共存阴离子对吸附作用的影响,并分析了吸附动力学和等温吸附模型.结果表明, GAC对ClO-4的吸附容量在碱性条件下减小,随初始浓度升高而增大,共存阴离子与ClO-4在GAC上存在竞争吸附,其影响顺序为SO2-4 > NO-3 > CO2-3 > H2PO-4 > BrO-3≈Cl-. ClO-4在GAC上的吸附最符合准二级动力学模型,吸附中存在大孔扩散过程,且孔扩散可能为GAC吸附ClO-4的主要速率控制步骤.试验浓度范围内吸附过程符合Langmuir、Freundlich和Tempkin 3种等温吸附模型,吸附过程是自发且放热的,温度升高不利于GAC对ClO-4的吸附,温度为288、298和308K时的饱和吸附容量分别为13.00、11.21和8.04 mg'g-1.说明GAC虽较易吸附水中ClO-4,但必须控制反应条件,如温度、pH和共存阴离子浓度等,以取得最佳吸附效果.     

Interference of iron as a coagulant on MIB removal by powdered activated carbon adsorption for low turbidity waters

Powered activated carbon (PAC) is widely used in water treatment plants to minimize odors in drinking water. This study investigated the removal of 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) by PAC adsorption, combined with coagulation using iron as a coagulant. The adsorption and coagulation process were studied through different case scenarios of jar tests. The analysis evaluated the effect of PAC dosing in the liquid phase immediately before or after the coagulant addition. Ferric sulphate was used as the coagulant with dosages from 10 to 30 mg/L, and PAC dosages varied from 10 to 40 mg/L. The highest MIB removal efficiency (about 70%) was achieved without the coagulant addition and with the highest PAC dosage (40 mg/L). Lower MIB removal efficiencies were observed in the presence of coagulant, showing a clear interference of the iron precipitate or coagulant in the adsorption process. The degree of interference of the coagulation process in the MIB removal was proportional to the ratio of ferric hydroxide mass to the PAC mass. For both cases of PAC dosing, upstream and downstream of the coagulant injection point, the MIB removal efficiency was similar. However, MIB removal efficiency was 15% lower when compared with experiments without the coagulant application. This interference in the MIB adsorption occurs potentially because the coagulant coats the surface of the carbon and interferes with the MIB coming in contact with the carbon’s surface and pores. This constraint requires an increase of the PAC dosage to provide the same efficiency observed without coagulation.     

活性炭吸附处理锂电池厂含酯废水及微波再生实验

采用活性炭吸附的方法对锂电池产生的含酯废水进行预处理,研究了吸附时间、初始pH值和活性炭投加量对废水COD去除的影响.吸附饱和后的活性炭用微波进行再生,考察了辐照时间、微波功率及再生次数对活性炭再生效果的影响.结果表明,当活性炭投加量为10g/L时,吸附60min,含酯废水的COD去除率为69.5%,可生化性从原水的0.05提高到0.25.当微波功率为420W、辐照时间为6min时,活性炭可被有效地再生,再生效率高达98.0%,活性炭损失率约为5.2%.再生前后活性炭的红外光谱图表明,活性炭表面官能团发生了变化,促进活性炭对污染物质的吸附.     

焦化废水活性污泥法处理中微型动物群落及其与处理性能之间的关系

为了分析难降解焦化废水活性污泥法处理中的微型动物群落特征,本研究考察了活性污泥法焦化废水处理厂中的微型动物群落,分析了其与处理性能之间的相互关系.结果发现,本研究共采集的64个水样中,鉴别出28个种属微型动物,其中,原生动物27种(22种纤毛虫、4种鞭毛虫、1种有壳变形虫),1个类群微型后生动物.固着型和匍匐型纤毛虫为共优势群,固着型小口钟虫(Vorticella microstoma)为绝对优势种.除小口钟虫(V.microstoma)(出现频率100%)外,出现频率较高的种类还有轮虫(rotifers)(97%)、沟钟虫(Vorticella convallaria)(69%)等.与常规废水活性污泥法处理系统相比,焦化废水处理系统中的微型动物种类和数量相对偏低.相关性分析结果表明,生物学参数与出水水质、运行参数间存在着不同的相关性.其中,累枝虫属(Epistylis spp.)与出水氨氮(r=-0.740,p0.01)、氰化物(r=0.509,p0.05)和DO(r=0.514,p0.05)存在着显著的相关性;吸管虫属(Podophrya spp.)与硝化效率呈显著负相关(p0.05),它们可作为系统处理性能参数的指示微生物;其他种属与出水水质和运行参数间的相关性不显著(p0.05).因子分析揭示了与系统相关联的潜在的重要影响因素,以及某些微型动物种属间存在的相互关系.     

投加颗粒活性炭和二氧化锰对剩余污泥厌氧消化的影响

厌氧系统添加碳和金属纳米材料是强化厌氧消化的有效策略.为考察投加GAC和MnO₂对剩余污泥厌氧消化过程的影响,设置了空白组(R0)、GAC组(R1)、MnO₂组(R2)以及GAC/MnO₂组(R3)4组间歇实验,研究GAC和MnO₂的投加对剩余污泥厌氧消化效率、微生物活性和微生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,反应器运行28 d后,与R0相比,R1和R3的产CH₄速率分别提高了68.18%和51.35%,R2的产CH₄量降低了21.25%.GAC和MnO₂的单独或者混合投加,对厌氧发酵过程均有促进作用.Mn²⁺与剩余污泥释放的磷酸盐生成磷酸盐沉淀对厌氧代谢通道的阻塞作用,造成R2产CH₄效率变低.GAC优良导电性、吸附能力和MnO₂/Mn²⁺的催化作用是R3产CH₄效率增强的主要原因.正常代谢条件下,投加GAC、MnO_2<...     

Simultaneous removal of ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursors from high ammonia water by zeolite and powdered activated carbon

When adding sufficient chlorine to achieve breakpoint chlorination to source water containing high concentration of ammonia during drinking water treatment, high concentrations of disinfection by-products(DBPs) may form. If N-nitrosamine precursors are present, highly toxic N-nitrosamines, primarily N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA), may also form. Removing their precursors before disinfection should be a more effective way to minimize these DBPs formation. In this study, zeolites and activated carbon were examined for ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursor removal when incorporated into drinking water treatment processes.The test results indicate that Mordenite zeolite can remove ammonia and five of seven N-nitrosamine precursors efficiently by single step adsorption test. The practical applicability was evaluated by simulation of typical drinking water treatment processes using six-gang stirring system. The Mordenite zeolite was applied at the steps of lime softening, alum coagulation, and alum coagulation with powdered activated carbon(PAC) sorption. While the lime softening process resulted in poor zeolite performance, alum coagulation did not impact ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursor removal. During alum coagulation, more than67% ammonia and 70%–100% N-nitrosamine precursors were removed by Mordenite zeolite(except 3-(dimethylaminomethyl)indole(DMAI) and 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine(DMAP)). PAC effectively removed DMAI and DMAP when added during alum coagulation. A combination of the zeolite and PAC selected efficiently removed ammonia and all tested seven N-nitrosamine precursors(dimethylamine(DMA), ethylmethylamine(EMA), diethylamine(DEA), dipropylamine(DPA), trimethylamine(TMA), DMAP, and DMAI) during the alum coagulation process.     

高级氧化联合生物活性炭工艺深度净化污水中PPCPs研究进展

污水处理厂传统的二级生化处理对药品及个人护理用品(Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products, PPCPs)等新兴污染物的去除率较低, PPCPs随出水排放会给生态环境带来较大的风险,并会经过生物富集最终危害到人体健康,因此需要通过进一步的深度净化以削减其风险.本文综述了常见PPCPs在污水处理系统的分布特征及生态风险,阐述了高级氧化工艺(Advanced oxidation processes, AOPs)、生物活性炭工艺(Biological activated carbon, BAC)以及高级氧化联合生物活性炭工艺(AOPs-BAC)深度净化PPCPs的净化原理,在此基础上,综述了AOPs-BAC工艺对污水中PPCPs的深度净化效果及主要影响因素,并探讨了AOPs-BAC工艺对污水中PPCPs的风险削减能力,为污水中PPCPs深度净化工艺的研发及PPCPs的生态风险控制提供了参考.     

活性污泥法污水处理厂生物-水力耦合建模及校验研究

为了考察生物反应器中水力流场对污染物质生物去除效果的影响以及研究生物代谢模型对生物除磷效果模拟的情况,在FCASM1模型的基础上,结合Delft磷代谢机理模型的思想,建立完全耦合活性污泥2号模型(Fully Coupled Activated Sludge Model No.2,简称FCASM2);并通过一维纵向对流-弥散方程与生物场耦合,建立了生物场-水力流场耦合新模型--FCASM2-Hydro耦合模型.污水处理厂模拟结果表明,生物场-水力流场耦合模型(FCASM2-Hydro)比非耦合模型对污染物质去除过程的描述更符合实际情况.在对30d的污水处理动态模拟结果中,FCASM1和FCASM2两个模型对磷酸盐的模拟结果与实测结果趋势一致,而且FCASM2的模拟值比FCASM1的模拟值更符合实测结果;在3d的污水处理动态模拟结果中,这2个模型对磷酸盐的模拟结果与实测结果趋势基本一致.     

On-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR)

The objectives of this study were to establish an on-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal synchronously of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The SBR for municipal wastewater treatment was operated in sequences: filling, anaerobic, oxic, anoxic, oxic, settling and discharge. The reactor was equipped with on-line monitoring sensors for dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH. The variation of DO, ORP and pH is relevant to each phase of biological process for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in this SBR. The characteristic points of DO, ORP and pH can be used to judge and control the stages of process that include: phosphate release by the turning points of ORP and pH; nitrification by the ammonia valley of pH and ammonia elbows of DO and ORP; denitrification by the nitrate knee of ORP and nitrate apex of pH; phosphate uptake by the turning point of pH; and residual organic carbon oxidation by the carbon elbows of DO and ORP. The controlling system can operate automatically for nitrogen and phosphorus efficiently removal. __________ Translated from Water & Wastewater Engineering, 2006, 26(5): 728–733 [译自: 给水排水]     

Performance of a water hyacinth （Eichhornia crassipes） system in the treatment of wastewater from a duck farm and the effects of using water hyacinth as duck feed

Nowadays, intensive breeding of poultry and livestock of large scale has made the treatment of its waste and wastewater an urgent environmental issue, which motivated this study. A wetland of 688 m2 was constructed on an egg duck farm, and water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) was chosen as an aquatic plant for the wetland and used as food for duck production. The objectives of this study were to test the role of water hyacinth in purifying nutrient-rich wastewater and its effects on the ducks’ feed intake, egg laying performance and egg quality. This paper shows that the constructed wetland removed as much as 64.44% of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 21.78% of total nitrogen (TN) and 23.02% of total phosphorus (TP). Both dissolved oxygen (DO) and the transparency of the wastewater were remarkably improved, with its transparency 2.5 times higher than that of the untreated wastewater. After the ducks were fed with water hyacinth, the average daily feed intake and the egg-laying ratio in the test group were 5.86% and 9.79% higher, respectively, than in the control group; the di erences were both significant at the 0.01 probability level. The egg weight in the test group was 2.36% higher than in the control group (P < 0.05), but the feed conversion ratios were almost the same. The eggshell thickness and strength were among the egg qualities significantly increased in ducks fed with water hyacinth.We concluded that a water hyacinth system was e ective for purifying wastewater from an intensive duck farm during the water hyacinth growing season, as harvested water hyacinth had an excellent performance as duck feed. We also discussed the limitations of the experiment.