共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 140 毫秒
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1静置时间的选取 :水体静置 2小时取其上清液消解 ,测定值稳定 ,比用 0 .4 5μm滤膜过滤效果好。2富含泥沙水样采样后应尽快分析 ,同时水样低温保存以降低反应速率。 3由于富含泥沙水样经消解氧化后 ,氮、磷几乎全部以硝酸盐和 (正 )磷酸盐形式存在 ,该两种物质比较稳定 ,因此在一定时间内 (如一天 ) ,消解后溶液的总氮、总磷浓度变化不大。富含泥沙水样总氮总磷测定干扰因素的排除@陆子川$宁波市环境监测站!浙江宁波315000
@罗宏德$宁波市环境监测站!浙江宁波315000 相似文献
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建立了三重四极杆电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS/MS)测定地表水中痕量总磷、溶解态磷、颗粒态磷的方法,确定了ICP-MS/MS测定水中磷的仪器参数及氧气流量。研究了该方法检测水中磷元素的检出限、精密度、正确度,探索了浊度、色度及砷、铬、硫的存在对ICP-MS/MS测磷的影响。结果表明,采用高纯氧气反应ICP-MS/MS法可对地表水中的各形态痕量磷进行质量浓度检测,该方法的检出限可达0.24 μg/L,磷元素在1.00~1 000 μg/L 质量浓度范围内具有良好的线性,相关系数为0.999 5,加标回收率为 92%~103%。该方法检测速度快,抗浊度、色度及共存元素(砷、铬、硫)干扰的能力强。对新安江水库4个季度的总磷、溶解态磷、颗粒态磷进行测定,结果表明,水库总磷平均质量浓度为10~20 μg/L,ρ(溶解态磷)/ρ(总磷)为42.4%~50.9%。该方法可以满足地表水中痕量磷的快速测定及形态分析。 相似文献
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针对目前地表水总磷测定中样品采集和分析过程普遍存在的技术问题,选取多泥沙河流(长江、黄河)、感潮河段(浙闽片区)、湖库(太湖流域) 3类典型水体的多个点位,以及代表一般河流(除多泥沙河流和感潮河段以外的河流)水体的点位为研究对象,探讨不同现场前处理方式和分析方法对总磷测定结果的影响。结果表明:现场前处理方式是影响总磷测定结果的主要因素,总磷浓度与浊度呈正相关。对于地表水采样,建议一般河流(沉降30 min后,浊度<50 NTU)采用沉降30 min的现场前处理方式,泥沙含量大的水体(沉降30 min后,浊度≥50 NTU)采用4000 r/min离心2 min的现场前处理方式,多藻类湖库水体采用63μm筛过滤的现场前处理方式。可通过浊度色度补偿消除实验室比色干扰。 相似文献
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地表水总氮总磷联合消解测定方法的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
针对目前我国文献中总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)联合消解测定的试验条件差异较大的问题,通过与标准方法对比。建立了一种地表水总氮和总磷联合消解测定的方法。当水样量为25ml时,过硫酸钾和氢氧化钠的加入质量分别为0.5g和0.12g,可同时满足2个项目的消解要求。该方法操作简单快速,可应用于地表水的检测。 相似文献
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研究了不同分析方法、去浊度手段和预处理方式对地表水总磷测定的影响。结果表明:钼酸铵分光光度法在跨界水体联合监测中较连续流动分析法、氯化亚锡还原光度法、孔雀绿-磷钼杂多酸分光光度法更为适用;在水样没有色度的情况下,采用浊度-色度补偿法和离心法都能有效消除浊度干扰,相对误差±10%;预处理方式的不同是导致各监测单位测定结果可比性差的最关键因素。 相似文献
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研究了水样静置30 min和全部混合立即测定2种前处理方法对江苏省环太湖15条主要出入湖河流总磷测定值的影响,结果表明,采样后静置30 min测定的总磷浓度较低,仅为全部混匀立即测定总磷浓度的46%~80%;水体中漂浮水华蓝藻数量是影响2种前处理方法总磷测定结果差异性的重要因素,去除漂浮水华蓝藻较多的7条入湖河流监测数据后,静置30 min测定的总磷浓度为全部混匀立即测定总磷浓度的71%~80%。提出,基于不同的测定目的,应有针对性地选择总磷前处理方法,在水环境质量状况评估时,可参照国家标准或最新技术规定的前处理方法执行,以保证总磷浓度的可比性;在进行总磷入湖通量研究时,建议采用全部混合立即测定的前处理方法,以反映水体中实际总磷浓度;在不同国家水体总磷浓度比较时,建议采用相同的前处理方法进行总磷浓度测定。 相似文献
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总磷是评价河湖地表水富营养程度的重要指标,但现阶段测定总磷常用的钼酸铵分光光度法、流动注射法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法等灵敏度较低,不能满足地表水I类质量标准中对总磷的测定需要。为降低总磷测定方法的检出限,将环境监测实验室常用的微波消解前处理技术和离子色谱的测定方法相结合,优化微波消解和离子色谱条件,方法检出限可达0.002 mg/L,能够满足总磷质量浓度低于0.01 mg/L地表水的测定需求,同时具有较强的抗浊度和色度干扰能力,准确度和精密度较好,自动化程度高,便于推广普及。 相似文献
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Assessment of Wastewater Reuse Effects on Nutrient Loads from Paddy Field Using Field-Scale Water Quality Model 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sang Min Kim Sang June Im Seung Woo Park Jeong Jae Lee Brian L. Benham Tae Il Jang 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2008,13(2):305-313
CREAMS-PADDY, a modified version of the field-scale CREAMS model, simulates the hydrologic, sediment, and nutrient cycles
in paddy fields. The CREAMS-PADDY model was applied to estimate the effects of using wastewater for irrigation on nutrient
loads from paddy fields in Republic of Korea. The model was calibrated and validated using data from two rice paddy fields.
The coefficient of determination between observed and simulated total nitrogen and total phosphorus were 0.92 and 0.57, respectively,
for the calibration period and 0.84 and 0.73 for the validation period. Simulations showed that when using wastewater for
irrigation, the total nitrogen loads increased by 210% and total phosphorus by 1,270% when compared with conventional water
irrigation. The total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration in the ponded water increased by 254 and 534%, respectively,
when compared with conventional water irrigation. The effect of reducing N and P fertilizer application rates by 10, 30, and
50% on nutrient loads exiting a paddy field were also simulated using the validated CREAMS-PADDY model. These simulations
indicated that total phosphorus loads from the paddy were reduced only slightly by reducing the fertilizer, while total nitrogen
loads were reduced by as much as 8.8, 16.6, and 24.4% when N ferlitizer rates were reduced by 10, 30, and 50%, respectively.
An erratum to this article can be found at 相似文献
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Krishnagiri reservoir is a hyper-eutrophicated reservoir located in Krishnagiri district which is one of the drought-prone
districts in Tamil Nadu, India. The reservoir water is being used for various purposes such as irrigation, drinking, fish
rearing, livestock rearing, and recreation. Since there is no an evidence of investigation on bottom sediments in Krishnagiri
reservoir, the present study was carried out during southwest monsoon season in 2008. This study examined the physical and
chemical characteristics of the bottom sediments such as composition, redox potential, moisture content, organic carbon, organic
matter, total phosphorus, and total iron at 15 locations in the reservoir. Phosphorus fractionation study was carried out
to find out different fractions such as loosely adsorbed phosphorous, iron and aluminium-bound phosphorus, calcium-bound phosphorous,
and organic phosphorous. Results indicated that there was spatial variation in the composition of sediments and low values
of redox potential. The significant positive correlation exists between the organic carbon and organic phosphorus concentration.
The lacustrine zone of the reservoir showed high accumulation of total phosphorus and total iron when compared to riverine
and transition zones. This study concludes an allogenic origin of majority of inorganic phosphorus in the reservoir during
the study period and this might have been derived from the catchment during the erosion process. The high concentration of
surface sediment phosphorus clearly indicates a greater threat of eutrophication in Krishnagiri reservoir. 相似文献
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Water Quality Assessment of an Untreated Effluent Impacted Urban Stream: The Bharalu Tributary of the Brahmaputra River, India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Guwahati, the lone city on the bank of the entire midstream of the Brahmaputra River, is facing acute civic problem due to
severe depletion of water quality of its natural water bodies. This work is an attempt towards water quality assessment of
a relatively small tributary of the Brahmaputra called the Bharalu River flowing through the city that has been transformed today into a city drainage channel. By analyzing the key physical,
chemical and biological parameters for samples drawn from different locations, an assessment of the dissolved load and pollution
levels at different segments in the river was made. Locations where the contaminants exceeded the permissible limits during
different seasons were identified by examining spatial and temporal variations. A GIS developed for the watershed with four
layers of data was used for evaluating the influence of catchment land use characteristics. BOD, DO and total phosphorus were
found to be the sensitive parameters that adversely affected the water quality of Bharalu. Relationship among different parameters revealed that the causes and sources of water quality degradation in the study area
were due to catchments input, anthropogenic activities and poor waste management. Elevated levels of total phosphorus, BOD
and depleted DO level in the downstream were used to develop an ANN model by taking total phosphorus and BOD as inputs and
dissolved oxygen as output, which indicated that an ANN based predictive tool can be utilized for monitoring water quality
in the future. 相似文献
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Chao Wang Zhiyuan Wang Peifang Wang Songhe Zhang 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2016,21(2):247-259
Systematic understanding of the co-effects of environmental factors on phytoplankton proliferation can enable more effective control of harmful algal blooms in eutrophic lakes and reservoirs. A batch of statistically designed experiments using response surface methodology was recently conducted on mixed algae samples collected from Changtan Reservoir. The central composite designed response surface model was established to evaluate multiple effects of various physical and chemical factors (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, temperature, and light intensity) on algal density and chlorophyll a content. Analysis of variance indicated an excellent correlation between modeling results and experimental responses. Among the selected environmental variables, promotion of the interactive effects of nitrogen and phosphorus together with the optimum total nitrogen/phosphorus mass ratio (between 7.9 and 10.1) was determined to be the most significant stimulating parameter associated with algal blooming development dominated by non-nitrogen-fixing species. The favorable effects of strong illumination were shown to be greater than those of high temperature. The border values of total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations leading to a critical value of algal density under different water temperatures and light intensities could be predicted as nutrient loading thresholds for harmful algal blooms by our second-order polynomial regression model. 相似文献
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Mehaffey MH Nash MS Wade TG Ebert DW Jones KB Rager A 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2005,107(1-3):29-44
The Catskill/Delaware reservoirs supply 90% of New York City’s drinking water. The City has implemented a series of watershed protection measures, including land acquisition, aimed at preserving water quality in the Catskill/Delaware watersheds. The objective of this study was to examine how relationships between landscape and surface water measurements change between years. Thirty-two drainage areas delineated from surface water sample points (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and fecal coliform bacteria concentrations) were used in step-wise regression analyses to test landscape and surface-water quality relationships. Two measurements of land use, percent agriculture and percent urban development, were positively related to water quality and consistently present in all regression models. Together these two land uses explained 25 to 75% of the regression model variation. However, the contribution of agriculture to water quality condition showed a decreasing trend with time as overall agricultural land cover decreased. Results from this study demonstrate that relationships between land cover and surface water concentrations of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and fecal coliform bacteria counts over a large area can be evaluated using a relatively simple geographic information system method. Land managers may find this method useful for targeting resources in relation to a particular water quality concern, focusing best management efforts, and maximizing benefits to water quality with minimal costs.The United States Environmental Protection Agency through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here. It has been subjected to Agency’s administrative review and approved for publication as an EPA document. 相似文献
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为精准治理流域非点源氮磷污染,基于SWAT模型,运用本地区第二次全国污染源普查数据和2000—2019年流域水文、水质数据,开展湘江永州流域非点源氮磷污染模拟。结果表明:湘江永州流域建立的SWAT模型具有较好的模拟效果,流域2005—2019年的总氮月均污染负荷为383.40~17 998.70 t/m;总磷月均污染负荷为64.62~567.86 t/m,总氮和总磷各月污染负荷均与各月降雨量呈显著相关关系;农田和林地是本流域总氮、总磷污染负荷总量最大的2种用地类型,但两者之间单位面积输出的污染负荷强度却相反,林地对流域水污染防控具有正面效应,农田种植面源污染是非点源氮磷污染治理的重点。 相似文献