温泉沐浴可治病

温泉其实就是一种温热的地下水,当降水渗入地下深处,受到地下高温、高压的长期作用,逐渐溶解了岩层中的化学成分,而后遇到地层裂缝并涌出地表时,就形成了温泉。当地下热水能经常得到地表水的补充时,温泉水就会源源不断地流出来。温泉一般根据水温可分为:温泉(水温为25～37℃)、热泉(水温在38～42℃)和高热泉(水温为42℃以上)几类。根据水质所含的化学成分不同,温泉又可分为碳酸泉、重碳酸泉、硫酸盐泉、硫黄泉、硫化氢泉、碘泉、氡泉等类型。温泉的医疗作用,在我国的许多古籍中早有记载,如汉代张衡《温泉碑》中即提到:“有疾厉兮,温泉泊焉。”郦道元《水经注》里曾提到:“大融山石出温场,沐浴可治病。”根     

pH和温度对氯胺消毒给水管网硝化作用的影响

采用生物膜培养反应器(RAB)模拟给水管网系统,研究了pH和温度对硝化作用的影响.结果表明,较低水温(15℃)对硝化作用的影响不明显,而在较高水温(30℃)下模拟管网中明显地发生了硝化作用.较低水温(15℃)下,提高水的pH对硝化作用的影响较小,而在较高水温(30℃)情况下提高水的pH对硝化作用具有明显的控制效果.在较...     

云南某大型水库及其灌区水温影响研究

云南某大型水库为季调节水库.采用宽度平均的立面二维水温数学模型对典型平水年的水库水温分布、下泄水温及其灌溉干渠沿程水温进行了预测和分析,结果表明:该水库水温结构呈过渡型水温结构和季节性水温分层现象,其中2—5月存在表层温跃层,分层现象较明显,垂向最大温差3.3℃.水库运行对下游水温过程有一定程度的春夏季低温水影响.下泄...     

高寒地区露天矿矿坑水混凝试验研究

为了解决高寒地区露天矿低温矿坑水悬浮物去除效率低、处理成本高等问题,研究了内蒙古某露天矿矿坑水的水量水质,利用粒径分析、Zeta电位表征了悬浮物的微观结构,采用静态混凝试验研究了悬浮物去除效果.结果表明:该露天矿矿坑水水量和水温均呈夏高冬低两极化,全年矿坑水的水温有8个月处于10℃以下,7个月低于4℃;初沉后矿坑水中的...     

水蚯蚓-微生物共生系统泥水同步降解耦合建模及大规模现场校验研究

选取以霍夫水丝蚓(L.hoffmeisteri)为主的水蚯蚓作为研究对象,考察了环境因子中水温(T)和底物氨氮(NH4+-N)对水蚯蚓比生长速率的影响.结果表明,在20～ 30℃的试验水温范围,水蚯蚓在25℃时的比生长速率高于其他水温条件,试验得到水蚯蚓水温影响常数θAW=0.05,水蚯蚓氨氮饱和常数KNH4,AW =41.3 mg·L-1.以水蚯蚓-微生物共生系统生物场-水力场耦合模型(T-FCASM-Hydro)为基础,从环境因子中水温和底物氨氮对水蚯蚓生长影响的角度改进T-FCASM-Hydro模型,建立了T-FCASM-Hydro-Temp模型,并利用浙江省诸暨市某污水处理厂的现场水质数据完成模型的校核验证工作.结果表明,与T-FCASM-Hydro模型相比,T-FCASM-Hydro-Temp模型更能准确模拟出系统中水蚯蚓的生物量,并且出水水质参数也更贴近实测值,系统稳定运行后水蚯蚓生物量维持在2000 mg·L-1左右.     

水温对鱼类游泳功率的影响

鱼类的游泳能力受许多环境因素的影响。在本项研究中,鱼类对水温的生理反映是依据它们输出的牵引功率值来判断的。下面是鱼在人工驯养条件下,进行功率测量所得的水温数据。把冷水鱼类中有代表性的两组硬头鳟,分别在12℃和19℃水温中驯养一个月。再把三组温水鱼类越南鱼,分别驯养在20℃、26℃和32℃温水中,并在各自水     

庐山及周围地学特征与自然景观

长江南岸、鄱阳湖西北的庐山,是一座地垒式块断山,由中下元古界和震旦系的片麻岩、片岩、斑岩、砂页岩和石英砂岩构成。素以险峰、断崖、瀑布、温泉、云海和第四纪冰川遗迹而著称。寒武纪至中下三叠统的石灰岩和砂页岩,分布庐山东西两翼。灰岩中形成大中型岩溶洞府,最著者有龙宫洞、狮子洞、海泉洞和石钟山。     

基于水蚯蚓摄食活性污泥的生长动力学研究

基于水蚯蚓摄食活性污泥的批量培养试验,考察了水蚯蚓在活性污泥中的生长规律,以及底物、溶解氧浓度由低到高变化对水蚯蚓比增长速率的影响.结果表明,在水温25℃±0.5℃、溶解氧4 mg.L-1、底物浓度4 000 mg.L-1条件下培养18周,水蚯蚓体重随培养时间的变化趋势较好地符合Gauss函数,最大比增长速率μAWma...     

自来水中氯消毒能力在不同温度下的变化规律研究

重庆市地处中亚热带季风性湿润气候地区,四周被高山环绕形成独特山地丘陵地形,具有季节气温变化特殊的局地性和代表性.分别监测2014年全年的月平均气温与月平均水温,作出了全年月平均气温与月平均水温变化趋势图,并根据趋势图选定在10℃,15℃,24℃,30℃四个典型不同季节温度下,通过监测相同初始余氯值的出厂水中余氯衰减规律,发现余氯衰减速率随温度变化大小各异,衰减系数排列为:K30℃>K24℃>K15℃>K10℃.根据出厂水在管网中水力停留时间的长短,可随季节温度变化适当调整出厂水加氯量,优化生产效果,节约加氯成本,降低饮水风险.     

邦腊掌温泉水氡水温地震异常特征研究

本文通过对云南省龙陵县邦腊掌温泉的水温和地下水含氡量变化的多年观测、分析和研究,阐述了邦腊掌温泉水氡和水温在地震发生前的短临异常形态特征以及在地震预报中的实例。     

青春 责任 梦想 行动 2015年千名青年环境友好使者夏令营侧记

<正>"我们处在世界正在发生重大变革的时代,中国也正在实现着民族伟大复兴的关键时刻。青年人要承担什么责任?""我们应该团结更多的青年人,向全社会积极宣传环保理念,保护我们共同生存的家园。"一名青年使者刚刚回答完贾峰主任的问题,全场响起的是掌声——雷鸣般的掌声!8月17日,2015年"千名青年环境友好使者夏令营"在成都市温江区正式开营。环境保护部宣传教育中心主任贾峰亲临现场,并为青年学子们讲授了热情     

Asbeste Arten,Entstehung, Bedeutung,Problematik

Types of asbestos are distinguished not only by structure, chemical compositon, shape of aggregates, and length and quality of fibers, but also by its formation. Though consisting of quite common elements, deposits are formed only under very special conditions. Its unique combination of properties has created over 3000 fields of application (about 70% in asbestos cement). Great efforts have been made to substitute all types of asbestos by harmless, similarly cheap and versatile synthetic fibers, owing to the unquestioned carcinogenic properties of all asbestos dusts. However, development of such fibers has not made any remarkable progress until recently. Consequently risk to workers in mining and manufactoring, consumers, outsiders, and the environment should be kept as low as possible by intensifying precautions and diminishing emissions.     

Effect of CaO on retention of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, W and Pb in bottom ashes from fluidized-bed coal combustion power station

This work was conducted to evaluate whether Ca-bearing additives used during coal combustion can also help with the retention of some other elements. This work was focused on the evaluation of bottom ashes collected during four full-scale combustion tests at an operating thermal fluidized-bed power station. Bottom ashes were preferred to fly ashes for the study to avoid interference from condensation processes usually occurring in the post-combustion zone. This work focused on the behaviors of S, Cl, Br, As, Mn, V, Cr, Ni, Cu,Zn, W, and Pb. Strong positive correlations with CaO content in bottom ashes were observed（for all four combustion tests） for S, As, Cl and Br（R = 0.917-0.999）. Strong inverse proportionality was calculated between the contents of Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr and Mn and CaO, so these elements showed association to materials other than Ca-bearing compounds（e.g., to aluminosilicates, organic matter, etc.）. Somewhat unclear behaviors were observed for W, Cu, and V. Their correlation coefficients were evaluated as statistically ＂not significant＂, i.e., these elements were not thought to be significantly associated with CaO. It was also discovered that major enrichment of CaO in the finest bottom ash fractions could be advantageously used for simple separation of elements strongly associated with these fractions, mainly S and As, but also Cl or Br. Removal of5% of the finest ash particles brings about a decrease in As concentration down to 77%-80% of its original bulk ash content, which can be conveniently used e.g., when high As content complicates further ash utilization.     

珊瑚钨锡矿硅质尾矿中Cd、As、Zn、F富集迁移及环境污染

硅质尾矿在释放中性矿山废水(NMD)时所伴生的多元素复合污染问题值得重视。本文以桂东北珊瑚矿尾矿作为研究对象,通过分析该尾矿的组构、元素富集及迁移特性,筛选出主要污染元素,并探讨尾矿胶结层对元素富集迁移的影响。结果表明:(1)该尾矿中Cd、As、Zn及F富集程度较高、可交换态含量(易迁移释放量)较大,是主要的污染元素,而Cu、Pb、Tl产生污染的可能性较小;(2)胶结层对重金属具有再富集作用,但其对可交换态Cd、As(Tl)再富集明显,而对可交换态Cu、Pb、Zn再富集则不明显。胶结层中次生伊利石、石膏等胶结物趋向于吸附富集活性可交换态Cd、As。这表明该尾矿可能迁移释放出含Cd、As浓度较高的NMD。研究表明,硅质尾矿风化释出NMD的同时,可能伴生Cd、As、Zn等重金属以及F的复合污染。     

Algorithmen,gehirne, computer

In order to say something substantial about the fundamental limits of machines (especially of computers) and of human calculations, we must explicate the concept of algorithm. Such an explication is provided by the Turing machine. Thus, problems have been discovered which cannot be solved algorithmically. For other problems there are problem-solving procedures, but no elegant algorithms. That men are fundamentally superior to machines has not been shown as yet.     

意大利的金枪鱼、箭鱼、鸬鹚以及家燕等体内的多氯萘、多氯联苯、多氯二苯-p-二恶英、多氯二苯并呋喃以及p,p''''-DDE

我们曾对从意大利收集的金枪鱼、箭鱼、普通鸬鹚以及家燕体内的p,p'-DDE、多氯联苯同类物(PCBs)、多氯二苯-p-二恶英(PCDDs)、多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDFs)以及多氯萘(PCNs)浓度进行过测量.     

The monitoring,Evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification of energy-efficiency projects

In this paper, we present an overview of guidelinesdeveloped for the monitoring, evaluation, reporting,verification, and certification (MERVC) ofenergy-efficiency projects for climate changemitigation. The monitoring and evaluation ofenergy-efficiency projects is needed to determine moreaccurately their impact on greenhouse gas (GHG)emissions and other attributes, and to ensure that theglobal climate is protected and that countryobligations are met. Reporting, verification andcertification will be needed for addressing therequirements of the Kyoto Protocol. While the cost ofmonitoring and evaluation of energy-efficiencyprojects is expected to be about 5–10% of a project'sbudget, the actual cost of monitoring and evaluationwill vary depending on many factors, including thelevel of precision required for measuring energy andGHG reductions, type of project, and amount of fundingavailable.