浙江省征收排污费工作成绩显著

一九八○年,浙江省在杭州、宁波、绍兴等三市进行了排污收费的试点工作.一九八一年三月,省人大常委会第七次会议通过并颁布了《浙江省排污收费和罚款暂行规定》.到一九八一年底止,已有二十个市、县对七百二十五家企业征收了排污费.两年来,共征收排污费二千二百二十八万元,占缴费单位利润的百分之二点三六. 自颁布《规定》以来,各级人民政府和工业、财     

排污收费与价值规律

全国有二十一个省、市、自治区已相继征收排污费,为排污收费的理论研究提供了条件。我想从价值规律角度对排污费的性质等有关问题作一些探讨。一、排污费的定义由于征收排污费时间不长,理论研究也刚刚开始,还很难给排污费下一个确切的定义。我认为,排污费是超标排放污染物(或因素)的单位补偿治理污染的社会劳动的转化形式。     

将欲取之 必先予之—论排污费征收难

海门市环保局从“予“字着手，有效解决了排污费征收难问题。     

饮食娱乐业废水排放及排污收费系数的讨论

以南京市饮食娱乐服务业的监测数据为基础，运用数理统计学的分层抽样法确定废水排放系数，提出用废水排放系数征收该行业的排污费的办法。     

增加企业环境违法成本 广东将大幅提高环境违法罚款

今年广东环保专项行动将在法律允许的范围内,大幅提高对环境违法行为的处罚额度,以增加企业环境违法成本。目前,广东省环保局等有关部门正在制订有关政策,拟对不正常使用污染治理设施、偷排等违法排污企业按照法律规定环保罚款额度的上限进行处罚,同时还将征收数倍的排污费。对     

浙江省当前排污收费工作形势及相应对策

一浙江省征收排污费工作从1980年开始,到1989年底,全省11个市(地)、71个县(市)全部开展了这项工作。十年来,工作由点及面,从广度到深度,不断发展提高。征收对象由全民集体工矿企业到机关、团体事业单位;征收范围由城市的大、小企业到乡镇企业和个体经营户;征收项目由废水到废气、废渣、噪声和放射性废物;征收内容由超标收费到排污水费。征收金额逐年上升,收费户数逐年增加。1989年征收金额比1980年增长近5倍,收费户数增长60多倍。     

浅述天津主要污染物总量控制的实践经验与未来思路

浅述天津"十一五"、"十二五"期间主要污染物总量控制的工作历程,总结实践经验并对现有问题进行反思,梳理未来几年减排工作方法和管理策略。在此基础,提出采用提升排放标准和差别化征收排污费等手段确保总量控制制度的有效实施。     

环境税明年出台几无悬念

正近日从接近财政部人士处获悉,环境税改革的时间表渐已明晰,明年环境税极有可能完成立法并出台。环境税征收采用从量计征方式,计税依据为应税污染物排放量。税率不低于现行排污费的收费标准。税收征管有望采取环保部门配合税务机关征收的模式,即环保认定、税务征收的征管模式。"十二五"规划纲要明确提出:"选择防止任务繁重、技术标准成熟的税目开征环境保护税,逐步扩大征收范围。"财政部财科所副所长苏明告诉《经济参考报》记者:"明年是‘十二五’最后一年,我认为明年中央的决策应该到位,明年环境税应该出台。据我了解的情况,一年前三部门已经把方案报给国务院,现在正在立法,立法过程中有很多难点需要突破,但是坦率讲,我比较有信心,明年环境税变成法律出台的可能性都是有的。"苏明表示,我们现在对水污染排放、垃圾等通过收费的手段进行治理,环境税开征主要就是要进行"费改税"。苏明     

同时考虑监测和物料衡算的环境保护税税基核定方法

2018年开始实行的环境保护税政策旨在保护和改善环境,减少污染物排放,而税基核定的准确性直接关系着环境保护税的政策效果。通过比较以在线监测数据核算的和以物料衡算核算的J市A钢铁厂SO_2排污费,探索环境保护税税基核定的方法。研究发现:2014年,J市A钢铁厂监测得到的SO_2排放量为364.91t,被征收的排污费为43.79万元;根据物料衡算得到的SO_2排放量为4 626.00t,其应缴排污费为584.46万元。排污申报数据存疑的原因是高炉虚设排污口。为确保环境保护税税基核定的准确性,设计了一种同时考虑监测和物料衡算的环境保护税税基核算方案。     

浙江省排污收费和罚款暂行规定

第一条为了保护环境,保障人民健康,促使一切排污单位,加快防治污染,根据《中华人民共和国环境保护法(试行)》中关于排放污染物收取排污费和罚款的规定,结合本省具体情况,制订本规定。第二条在我省范围内的一切企业、事业和其他单位排放的污染物,凡超过国家颁发     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

Comparison of methods for evaluation of activity of photocatalytic films

Objective

This work aims to investigate the correlation between the photocatalytic activity determined by methylene blue bleaching (DIN 52980), stearic acid degradation, and degradation of acetone in gas phase.

Method

The photocatalytic TiO₂ coatings included in this investigation ranged from thin commercially available coatings (Activ^TM and BioClean^TM) and ready to use suspensions (Nano-X PK1245) to lab-produced PVD and sol?Cgel coatings. XRD analysis of the photocatalytic coatings showed that all the coatings consisted of nanocrystalline anatase, although the thickness and porosity varied considerably.

Results

The study showed that the reproducibility of the activity measurements was good. However, more importantly, the investigation showed that there is a good correlation between the activities determined by the different methods even though the characteristics of the photocatalytic coatings and the organic probe molecules varied considerably.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this work suggest that there is a good correlation between the investigated methods. These results are promising for the future work concerning standardization of methods for determination of the activity of photocatalytic films.     

Impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of India

India has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. These resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. The present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern India, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (Penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. Indiscriminate exploitation of these resources leads to a heavy reduction of the species concerned and other associated marine communities. The magnitude of such destruction has been quantified. The impacts of biodiversity loss and their after-effects on the ecobalance of this coastal system have become a matter of great concern to ecologists to maintain security and sustainability. The authors propose a public awareness program on themes relating to the importance of biodiversity for human livelihoods.