Green supply chain management: pressures,practices and performance within the Chinese automobile industry

Increasing pressures from a variety of directions have caused the Chinese automobile supply chain managers to consider and initiate implementation of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices to improve both their economic and environmental performance. Expanding on some earlier work investigating general GSCM practices in China, this paper explores the GSCM pressures/drivers (motivators), initiatives and performance of the automotive supply chain using an empirical analysis of 89 automotive enterprises within China. The results show that the Chinese automobile supply chain enterprises have experienced high and increasing regulatory and market pressures and at the same time have strong internal drivers for GSCM practice adoption. However, their GSCM implementation, especially with consideration of external relationships, is poor. Therefore, GSCM implementation has only slightly improved environmental and operational performance, and has not resulted in significant economic performance improvement. In furthering this analysis we investigate one specific organization in this supply chain, the Dalian Diesel Engine Plant, and how this pioneering company has addressed the issues identified by the broader empirical analysis.     

Shadows and lights of GSCM (Green Supply Chain Management): determinants and effects of these practices based on a multi-national study

Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) is an increasingly widely-diffused practice among companies that are seeking to improve their environmental performance. The motivation for the introduction of GSCM may be ethical (e.g., reflecting the values of managers) and/or commercial (e.g., gaining a possible competitive advantage by signalling environmental concern). Drawing upon a database of over 4000 manufacturing facilities in seven OECD countries this paper assesses the determinants and motivations for the implementation of GSCM. We find that GSCM is strongly complementary with other advanced management practices, and that it contributes to improved environmental performance. The effects on commercial performance are more ambiguous.     

Empirically based development of a framework for advancing and stimulating collaboration in the chemical industry (ASC): creating sustainable chemical industrial parks

Based on literature, we identify collaboration drivers and partner features for enhancing vertical and/or horizontal collaboration in the chemicals using industries. We further develop constructs for both types of collaboration. A survey-based analysis within the largest chemical cluster worldwide was carried out to verify and to test our literature-based constructs. Using our empirically based results, we develop and propose a framework for Advancing and Stimulating Collaboration (ASC) in the chemical industry. This framework can be used to increase collaborative arrangements within the chemical industry and thereby lead to more sustainable chemical product and process flows and management practices resulting in more sustainable chemical industrial parks.     

中国资源性产业空间演变特征

受制于生产过程对资源的依赖性,资源禀赋条件被视为资源性产业在空间上集聚的主要原因。随着资源枯竭、环境能源压力上升,以及交通条件改善、技术进步和贸易条件改善等外部因素的变化,资源性产业有条件摆脱资源依赖,导致资源性产业格局发生变化。研究借助空间基尼系数及其分解,并通过进一步细分产业与地理空间,刻画了中国1998—2007年资源性产业的集聚变化特征,结果发现：① 资源性产业的空间集聚程度总体表现平稳,但其背后隐含着显著的空间格局变动。采掘业由于生产投入要素在空间上的灵活性较弱,故集聚程度整体高于资源性加工业,但采掘业集聚中心表现出更为显著的分散化特征。② 采掘业的空间格局与资源分布特征紧密相关,主要在内陆地区集聚。资源性加工制造业则主要在东部沿海地区集聚,或与其较好的制造业基础有关。虽然采掘业和资源性加工制造业空间均存在显著动态变化,但并未打破这一分异格局。产业亦未表现出沿港口集聚的特征。而资源型城市仍以采掘业集聚为主,资源性加工制造业的集聚特征并不显著,反映出资源型城市转型仍面临较大压力。     

武汉市重污染行业发展及严格环境管理对策建议研究

重污染行业作为地方经济的助推器，一直都是区域行业调整的众夭之的。只有从严区域环境管理才能兼得“工业倍增”与生态文明建设之利。武汉市作为典型的工业城市，化工、制药等重污染行业因其类别多、规模化程度低、排污量较大、空间发展无序已成为环境管理的难点。贯彻新环保法体系及十八大精神，从严环境准入前置门槛、科学统筹空间布局规划、规范环境监管与执法、实施诚信档案市场倒逼，是促进工业城市的生态文明发展的可靠途径。     

减污降碳协同视角下沿海制造业发达地区产业结构调整路径研究

碳达峰碳中和是我国的重大战略决策,对推进产业转型升级和绿色发展具有重要意义. 实现经济增长与资源能源消耗、污染物和碳排放的总量与强度双控制,是推进“双碳”目标的重要支撑. 我国沿海地区制造业发达,污染物和碳排放量较大,寻找减污降碳协同增效路径对区域绿色转型具有重大现实意义. 本文以浙江省宁波市为对象,对全部经济门类的产业结构开展实证研究,运用多准则决策模型和情景分析法,以能源、水资源、4种主要污染物(化学需氧量、氨氮、二氧化硫、氮氧化物)和二氧化碳为约束条件建立了产业结构优化调整模型,将各产业增加值占比的变化程度作为决策变量,筛选出产业结构调整平稳、减排幅度大的调整方案. 制造业作为宁波市经济发展的主体,贡献了较高比例的污碳排放和能源资源消耗. 4.5%、5.5%、6.5%三种年均经济增速情景下宁波市通过产业结构调整实现减污降碳协同增效的潜力分析显示,2020—2030年预期可实现累计97%的经济增长,且能满足区域资源环境的约束限制. 面向2030年提出宁波市产业结构优化调整路径,建议严格控制高排放制造业的准入门槛,提升第一产业和采矿业的资源能源利用效率,推进电力、热力的生产与供应业等存量行业的减污降碳,鼓励发展高附加值的第三产业和循环经济产业.      

Sustainability in the New Zealand wine industry: drivers,stakeholders and practices

This research aims to investigate various sustainability issues in the New Zealand wine industry. Namely, the study examines (1) what drives the industry to engage in sustainability practices, (2) the role of stakeholders in the company's decision-making, and (3) environmental practices related to water utilization, chemicals and waste management. A qualitative research approach supplemented by quantitative measures was adopted to answer the research questions. Twenty-four wineries were studied. The research found that the most important drivers for sustainable practices are personal values, preferences and satisfaction with the profession (i.e., enjoyment of the work itself), followed by product quality and customers' demand. Size of firm also appears to be an important factor. New Zealand wine companies are also driven by the market, but companies do not receive a price premium for grapes grown sustainably or organically grown. The study proposes a typology matrix that differentiates wineries' involvement in sustainability based on the extent of sustainability practices and sustainability drivers.     

济南市典型行业VOCs排放特征及减排潜力分析

基于济南市2020年大气污染源排放清单,选取化工、工业涂装、印刷和家具制造作为VOCs排放典型行业,对VOCs排放现状及存在问题进行调查分析,并依据企业规模及末端治理技术现状,设计出2种减排情景,估算减排潜力.结果表明,典型行业VOCs排放量从大到小依次为化工(7 947.92 t)、工业涂装(2 383.29 t)、印刷(792.87 t)和家具制造(143.79 t),其中,化工和工业涂装以大型企业为主,VOCs排放量占比分别为46.45%和50.89%,印刷和家具制造以中型企业为主,VOCs排放量占比分别为51.76%和42.37%;末端治理以单一低效治理技术为主,燃烧技术和组合技术等高效治理技术的使用率仅为7.46%;企业现场调研发现部分企业存在未完成源头替代、无组织排放管理不到位和末端治理设施适配性差等问题,具有一定的减排潜力.在设计的2种减排情景下,化工行业减排潜力最大,减排率为69.58%～84.99%,工业涂装、印刷和家具制造行业的减排率分别为26.98%～34.74%、 36.96%～59.74%和8.55%～40.45%.各行业的大、中型企业减排潜力较大,平均减排率...     

资源优势能否转化为产业优势?——煤炭开发重心西移对能源密集型产业空间格局变化的影响

随着煤炭资源开发重心的向西转移,能源资源的成本优势将可能吸引能源密集型产业和相关的加工制造业向西转移,从而将资源优势转化为产业优势,促进区域经济发展。论文利用DMRCGE模型和情景分析定量模拟了煤炭开发重心西移对能源密集型产业和制造业空间分布的影响。研究发现,煤炭资源开发重心西移,通过成本驱动效应和产业关联效应的作用,将促进能源密集型产业向西转移,有利于把资源优势转化为能源密集型产业优势,促进区域经济发展,有利于缩小资源富集区域与经济发达区域的经济差异;但资源优势转化为加工制造业的优势仍将面临严峻的挑战。新疆煤炭生产比例的提升,将带动新疆能源密集型产业的份额增加,有利于新疆依托本地市场提升制造业份额。     

中国重化工业资源消耗的社会经济驱动力

基于投入产出模型和中国投入产出表,从需求端分析中国重化工业资源消耗的隐含流在不同行业和不同最终需求中的分配情况,以及五大社会经济驱动力对中国重化工业资源消耗增长的贡献度.结果表明,2012年中国重化工业生产过程所消耗的3种资源隐含在建筑业和其他制造业的最终产品中的比例均超过75%,隐含在形成资本最终产品中的比例均超过55%.2002~2012年期间,产业结构对中国重化工业化石能源和石灰石消耗量增加的贡献度分别为+39%和+237%;资源强度对中国重化工业化石能源和石灰石消耗量减少的贡献度分别为-108%和-265%,对中国重化工业铁矿石消耗量增加的贡献度为+152%;人均最终需求水平对中国重化工业化石能源、铁矿石和石灰石消耗量增加的贡献度分别为+247%,+460%和+291%.     

Industrial ecology framework for achieving cleaner production in the mining and minerals industry

Industrial ecology (IE) is an emerging framework adopted in the manufacturing, construction, and process industries to provide innovative solutions in strategic planning, leading to cleaner operation and production. An IE framework integrates a large number of processes, economic constraints, and environmental, health and safety considerations for optimized resource utilization. This paper provides a review of environmental management practices in the mining and minerals industry, emphasizing two concepts: IE and cleaner production. The mining and minerals industry provides primary materials for industrial activities; as such, it is an important component in the “industrial ecosystem.” This industry is subject to very stringent social and environmental scrutiny, while providing society with required natural resources to meet essential sustainable development requirements. The implementation of an IE framework in the sector will contribute to sustainable development.     

环境规制视角下制造业绿色转型对能源强度的影响

基于Super-SBM及动态面板门槛模型,系统分析中国制造业行业绿色转型异质性结构,并从环境规制视角探析制造业绿色转型对于其行业能源强度的影响效应.研究发现：中国制造业绿色转型并没有实现（平均值为-0.1637）,且行业间差异显著,其转型过程呈现明显波动特征.有趣的是,中国制造业绿色转型对于能源强度的作用存在显著的环境规制异质门槛效应：较低程度的环境规制并不利于促使制造业绿色转型降低能源强度.而随着环境规制强度的提高并突破“临界点”,在一定程度上有效增强了制造业绿色转型的影响作用,进而推动能源强度的降低.     

Quantifying potential profit from material recycling: a case study in brick manufacturing

Efforts to increase the use of waste materials as substitutes for virgin primary materials in industry are considered an important step toward sustainable industrial development. Some industries, however, have struggled to increase the recycling of materials for a variety of reasons. This study proposes a new approach to searching for recycling across industry boundaries. By focusing on an entire industry, the locations where economic and environmental benefit exists can be identified. This research identifies brick manufacturing facilities in the United States that are most likely to gain substantial economic benefit from the recycling of waste products. The results of this case study indicate that an industry-based approach can provide economically feasible pathways towards sustainable industrial development, especially for data rich manufacturing nations like the United States.     

A prototype of proposed treatment plant for sago factory effluent

Sago processing industries discharge wastewater, which poses a threat to water bodies due to their higher organic loading. Concerns about pollution related problems in the global scenario are persuading all the processing industries to adopt cleaner manufacturing practices. Hence, this study was aimed at developing a cost-effective and eco-friendly treatment plant based on microbial system to treat the sago factory effluent effectively in order to reuse the water for industrial purposes. The experimental results showed that, anaerobic treatment with mixed inoculum for 10 days followed by 6 days of fungal treatment was found to be effective in effluent treatment. The fusant showed a higher efficiency in the treatment of sago factory effluent than the parental strains.     

印制电路板制造业结构优化调整思路探讨

以某典型城市为例,调查印制电路板制造业的经济技术发展现状和污染防治水平,分析该行业的对经济发展的带动作用、对电子信息业的配套作用和对环境的污染影响。在此基础上,提出产业调整思路和淘汰退出机制建议,以期为类似的重污染行业产业政策制定提供决策参考。     

基于排放清单和实地测试的工业VOCs排放特征:以郑州市高新区为例

基于本地污染源调查,同时对重点工业行业进行实地采样测试,建立了郑州市高新区工业VOCs排放清单及组分清单,并评估了 VOCs各组分的臭氧生成潜势(OFP)和二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(SOAp).结果表明,2017年郑州市高新区工业源VOCs排放总量为4 566.0 t,橡胶和塑料制品业、设备制造业和有色金属业是排放量最大的3个行业,排放量分别为1 924.2、1 396.3和813.4 t;各VOCs组分中,烷烃占比最大(40.9％),其次是含氧VOCs(32.2％)和芳香烃(20.3％);异丙醇、正十二烷、甲苯、甲基环己烷和丙酮是排放量最大的5种物质;OFP总量为8 753.8 t,最大贡献源和VOCs种类分别为设备制造业和芳香烃;SOAp总量为643.0 t,贡献较大的排放源为设备制造业和铝箔制造业,烷烃和芳香烃是两种主要贡献组分.     

中国工业碳排放强度变化的结构因素解析

以1986-2016年为研究时段,将41个工业部门归类为16个部门,在运用CKC模型分析各部门产值与其CO₂排放量关系的基础上,建立以碳排放部门结构、碳排放系数、能源消费强度以及产值部门结构为因素的工业碳排放强度kaya分解模型,运用LMDI法分析不同因素对中国工业碳排放强度变化的贡献。研究发现:工业不同部门产值与其CO₂排放量的关系不同。只有木材加工及家具制造业、造纸印刷及文教用品制造业和非金属矿物制品业呈现倒U型关系,机械交通电气电子设备制造业呈现倒N型关系,其余部门都呈现线性递增或单调递增关系。从工业碳排放强度变化的贡献因素看,非金属矿物制品、化学工业、医药工业、机械交通电气电子设备制造业和木材加工及家具制造业等资金和技术密集型行业的技术性CO₂减排效应显著。其他制造业、石油和天然气开采业、纺织服饰业和化纤及橡塑工业等以初级产品加工为主的行业的结构性CO₂减排效应显著,而石油加工炼焦和核燃料加工业、金属冶炼及制品业、电力煤气及水生产和供应业在产值与CO₂排放量的同步递增关系以及结构增长的共同作用下,CO₂减排效应不明显,需要在能源结构调整和利用效率提升方面密切关注。     

Environmental practices and firm performance: an empirical analysis in the Spanish hotel industry

The impact of environmental practices on firm performance raises an ongoing debate in which the review of the existing literature yields no conclusive results. Different methods have been used to study this relationship and most of the analyses have focused on manufacturing companies. This paper examines the link between environmental practices and firm performance in the Spanish hotel industry using two methods: a cluster analysis and a regression analysis. First, three groups were defined according to their environmental proactivity, and hotels showing a stronger commitment to environmental practices proved to reach higher performance levels. Second, through the regression analysis, findings showed that environmental practices impact significantly on several performance variables.     

工业大气污染源排放绩效定量评价及应用

工业源治理是改善环境空气质量的重要途径,而如何开展精准治污仍然是目前亟需回答的问题.以天津市西青区为例,基于第二次全国污染源普查数据,对工业企业开展污染物排放绩效定量评价,并深入探究排放绩效评价应用于工业源精细化管控治理的意义、可行性以及存在的问题.结果发现,西青区各行业的排放绩效水平差异较大.污染物排放绩效水平与行业企业的自身属性、发展规模和管理水平有较为密切的关系.整体来看,家具制造业、金属制品业、黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业等生产工艺本身产污量大且中小型企业居多的行业排放绩效水平偏差,而以计算机通信和其他电子设备制造业、汽车制造业为代表的高端行业排放绩效水平整体偏好.各行业中不同企业排放绩效差异也较大,其中金属机械制造类行业中绩效最差的11家企业工业产值对行业贡献0.06%,而PM排放量贡献达到8.50%;橡胶和塑料制品业中绩效最差的19家企业工业产值对全行业贡献4.76%,而VOCs排放量贡献却达到43.59%.同时,分别参照生态环境部相关技术指南和绩效评价结果设计减排方案,发现后者在减排同等规模污染物排放量时,减排成本最高可低于前者约90%.各行业、企业污染物排放绩效的差距,经济效益和环境成本的不协调,以及排放绩效评价对于精准减排的重要指引作用,充分证明开展排放绩效评价的必要性.结果表明污染物排放绩效评估可有效支撑宏观产业结构调整和中观、微观的工业企业环境治理,为精准治污提供重要参考路径.     

工业行业源头-过程-末端全过程减排潜力评估研究

为探究行业不同工艺的污染物减排潜力,将污染物减排聚焦至行业产排污工艺,基于自上而下与自下而上结合的测算方法建立了一套源头-过程-末端全过程协同减排潜力评估模型——SPECM,选择广东省佛山市顺德区为研究区域,以污染物VOCs为主要对象测算减排潜力. 结果表明:①VOCs产生量较大但产污强度较低的减排行业(Ⅰ)和VOCs产生量较大且产污强度较高的减排行业(Ⅲ)是顺德区VOCs减排中需重点管控的行业,其源头-过程-末端全过程协同减排潜力最高达顺德区VOCs排放总量的71.23%. ②通过穷举法测算减排目标下源头-过程-末端全过程协同减排潜力系数,获得1.8×104组可行解. ③根据顺德区生产现状对减排潜力系数进行优化,对于具有源头减排潜力的木质家具制造行业、泡沫塑料制造行业和家用厨房电器具制造行业,其源头减排潜力系数取8%~13%,过程和末端减排潜力系数分别取20%~50%和60%~100%,共265组可选方案;对于其他仅具有过程和末端减排潜力的行业,其过程和末端减排潜力系数分别选取40%~80%和70%~100%,共2 230组可选方案. 研究显示,SPECM模型能够将行业减排具体到生产工艺减排,并可以针对性地提出行业减排方案.