Green project partnership in the supply chain: the case of the package printing industry

By interacting with their suppliers and their customers, manufacturing organizations can potentially develop and implement more effective solutions to environmental challenges they are facing. This paper explores the outcome, in terms of operational performance, of green project partnership in the supply chain. Green project partnership, defined here as the degree of interaction between organizations in the supply chain regarding pollution prevention, can take place upstream with the suppliers and downstream with the customers. Using the data from a survey of the Canadian and United States package printing industry, the linkage between green project partnership and five performance indicators was tested. The results indicate that green project partnership with customers was positively linked to quality, flexibility and environmental performance while partnership with suppliers was associated with better delivery performance.     

A targeting approach for ecosystem protection

The Critical Ecosystems Team of the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Region 5, has developed an approach to prioritize and target ecologically high-quality areas for enhanced environmental protection in the Midwestern states of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin. Using this approach, we intend to employ a pro-active strategy to protect the environment by protecting and restoring natural ecosystems rather than the traditional EPA approach of remediating and attempting to restore already degraded habitats. The approach consists of two components: (1) partnership and (2) criteria. For the partnership component, we collected, mapped, and summarized information on ecosystems considered critical to federal and state agencies, tribes and non-profit organizations. Multi-county areas with high numbers of ecosystems identified by a variety of partners were designated as ‘Ecologically Rich Regions’. These Ecologically Rich Regions highlight broad geographic areas where there are high levels of partner interest and, correspondingly, areas with high potential for forming collaborative partnerships for enhanced environmental protection. The second component, which relies on criteria, is still under development and defines critical ecosystems as having three important properties: (1) high ecological diversity, (2) potential for long-term sustainability and (3) presence of relict native ecosystems or communities. The information compiled under both components of this ecosystem targeting approach will inform ecological risk managers and assessors about important ecosystems that should be considered in risk management and assessment processes.     

Corporate Environmental Innovation (CEI): a government initiative to support corporate sustainability leadership

Environment Canada's¹ Corporate Environmental Innovation (CEI) initiative is a partnership-based governmental initiative designed to help accelerate innovation and to improve the environmental performance of companies. Specifically, CEI brings together industry, the finance sector, academics, non-governmental organizations and other government departments in three areas of engagement, each of which is described in this paper. Through discussion of the practical projects being implemented in each of these areas, this paper considers the role that targeted strategies to support environmental leadership and innovation can play in advancing adaptive, efficient and effective environmental management. In particular, this paper describes how partnerships and open dialogue are fostering greater alignment of the full spectrum of stakeholders with the goals of sustainable development, to leverage environmental results that go beyond the traditional boundaries of institutional roles.     

我国大学生旅游者环境意识与行为特征研究

作为潜在的生态旅游者群体,大学生对环境问题的认识、态度及其行为倾向对于旅游地生态环境的可持续发展至关重要。文章以南京林业大学为研究对象,通过问卷调查,以配额抽样法探讨大学生旅游者学科专业、性别因素对环境意识的影响,了解环境心理与行为特征,并与国内生态旅游景区旅游者进行对比,研究发现当代大学生旅游者表现出较好的环境态度和倾向,行为意愿上显示出"绿色"的特征,同时专业课程学习以及实践经历能够增强环境认知和情感,对旅游环境与生态知识的渴求和认知程度对整体环境意识水平有较大影响,然而大学生旅游者的环境意识多来源于理论,存在着知行脱节,环境行为滞后于环境情感、意志。应将旅游环境教育与各学科教学结合起来,开展培养环境责任和环保能力的旅游实践活动,加强大学校园环境及文化建设,积极培育大学生旅游环境意识及管理旅游环境行为。     

Cleaner production as a means for effective environmental management

Cleaner production is a strategy to prevent emissions at the source and to initiate a continuous preventive improvement of environmental performance of organizations. In terms of Cleaner production the focus of management should be on prevention rather than on cure in avoiding environmental problems. The inclusion of commitment to prevention in the environmental policy is one prerequisite of the standard ISO 14001. But how can a formalized environmental management system help to start a process of continuous improvement and voluntary self regulation? We conclude from our experience that Cleaner production and ISO 14001 go well together and support each other in helping an organization to really decrease its environmental effect. Analysing environmental management systems introduced on the basis of Cleaner production projects demonstrates, that Cleaner production supplies management and employees with systematic tools to decrease the environmental impact and at the same time save costs from inefficient use of materials and energy and motivates the organization as well by creating awareness throughout the enterprise.     

低碳产品、定向广告与供应链营销投资策略演化

在对定向广告影响低碳产品制造商、零售商的供应链营销投资策略及其竞争关系分析基本上,建立制造商主导的Stackelberg博弈模型,给出制造商、零售商不同投资策略组合下的支付矩阵,构建以促进低碳产品销售为目标的演化博弈模型,根据产品低碳度、差异化低碳产品,分析不同低碳产品供应链定向广告投资策略演化路径及稳定性,并利用Netlogo进行博弈双方策略演化仿真,揭示消费者低碳偏好度、广告效应因子、价格敏感系数对策略演化路径的影响规律.研究发现,在制造商、零售商有限理性下,成本共担契约不能促成双方定向广告投资合作;产品低碳度不同,低碳供应链演化均衡策略存在差异;与制造商相比,零售商投资定向广告可催生更大市场需求,更有利于低碳产品的普及和推广;对低碳度较高产品,消费者低碳偏好度、价格敏感系数与零售商投资意愿正相关,广告效应因子对零售商投资意愿的影响存在峰值,当广告效应因子在合适范围内时,零售商投资意愿最大.据此,提出了相应的管理启示和决策建议.     

The ENVIROCARE CD-ROM—cleaner production training for vocational students

Environmental awareness raising, education and training, on a wide scale, are required to ensure societal adoption of sustainable development. ENVIROCARE, an interactive multimedia educational CD-ROM, has been developed by a transnational partnership to provide such environmental education for vocational students. The programme, available in English, Dutch, German and Portuguese, is designed to provide training for students to show the impact that industry can have on the environment and how they can reduce such impacts when they enter the workforce, by implementing the concepts and approaches of Cleaner Production. The paper describes the development of ENVIROCARE, its contents and structure, the lessons learned in its creation and future challenges.     

Improving environmental awareness training in business

The need for and the benefits of a more sustainable approach to business management have been widely discussed in the literature. Many organizations have engaged in environmental management initiatives to improve their environmental performance and have found other benefits to the process, such as financial savings and reduced risk of liability. However, many constraints can inhibit the transformation to an environmentally conscious and responsible organization. These constraints include issues related to organizational culture and change management. To overcome these constraints and succeed in implementing a successful environmental management initiative, the literature suggests the importance for members of the organization of understanding the environmental impacts and policies of the organization through participation in environmental awareness training efforts that produces enduring knowledge and commitment. Armed with this knowledge, employees can then understand how the environment can affect and be affected by their duties and decisions. Various companies have used different approaches to environmental management training. It is important that organizations evaluate the efficiency of their training investment to ensure that the benefits will be generated. A case study of two electricity companies is used to illustrate the importance of evaluating environmental awareness efforts. The results of the study suggest that the training performed did not sufficiently increase employee environmental awareness of the company's environmental impacts despite a considerable time and financial investment in a one-time environmental awareness training program. Results are briefly discussed and recommendations are made to improve the results of the training investment.     

碳交易政策下的物流与制造业联动减排随机演化博弈

考虑外部环境的不确定性,构建由地方政府、制造商与物流企业构建的三方随机演化模型,对模型的稳定性进行讨论得到稳态条件,结合数值仿真方法对博弈主体策略演化进行研究.结果表明：规制成本与上级政府的倒查机制是影响地方政府策略选择的重要因素,较高的碳交易价格将促进博弈系统向（积极规制,绿色生产,绿色运输）理想策略集演化,理想策略集下初始策略选择概率的改变一定程度上影响了主体演化的速率,即便制造商在博弈初期的绿色生产策略选择概率为0.1,仍能以最快的演化速率向绿色生产稳定策略收敛.联动发展下制造商的绿色生产策略将带动物流企业选择绿色运输策略,物流企业对碳交易价格与碳配额的敏感性要大于制造商,物流企业向绿色运输演化速率与碳配额成负相关,与碳交易价格成正相关.碳交易财政收入的增加促进了地方政府的积极规制行为,但当财政收入系数增加至0.3时可能导致物流企业的策略选择不稳定.伴随着随机干扰强度的升高,制造商保持了最高的稳定性,在情形一、二中的波动幅度分别为0.4667~1与0.5618~1,而物流企业的策略选择波动性最强,在情形一、二中得波动幅度分别为0.3856~1与0.4616~1,且在演化初期长期处在不稳定状态.     

Cost effective identification of properties underutilized or abandoned due to potential releases of hazardous materials

The U.S. General Accounting Office estimates that there may be as many as 650000 underutilized or abandoned properties across the country owing to perceived or actual releases of hazardous materials. Liabilities presented by these properties, referred to as Brownfields sites, create substantial limitations to property acquisition and employment opportunities, particularly in economically distressed areas. Several federal and state programs have been developed to evaluate and cleanup such sites, but the number of projects funded are far outnumbered by the sites remaining to be investigated. An innovative approach to Brownfields site assessment has been developed that relies on a unique partnership between academia, state and federal environmental regulators, and municipalities. Students in environmental programs are provided the necessary skills to conduct Phase I environmental site assessments pursuant to ASTM guidelines. The reports produced provide a comprehensive evaluation of the environmental value of potential Brownfields sites and form a basis for making future informed decisions regarding site usage and/or necessary remedial actions. A model for the effective development of Brownfields partnerships is introduced. Several case histories are presented where this program has been implemented.     

A strategic decision framework for green supply chain management

The number of organizations contemplating the integration of environmental practices into their strategic plans and daily operations is continuously increasing. Numerous initiatives have provided incentives for organizations to become more environmentally benign. Some of these regulation driven programs are mandatory, but increasingly numerous voluntary environmental programs are also introduced by organizations. Organizations view many of these environmental programs, which may include technological and organizational development projects, as possible alternatives for gaining or maintaining a competitive advantage. One environmental program area that continues to gain in importance is one that focuses on the external relationships among organizations. To help evaluate alternatives that will effect this relationship we present a strategic decision framework that will aid managerial decision-making. This decision framework is based on literature and practice in the area of environmentally conscious business practices. The focus of this paper will be on the components and elements of green supply chain management and how they serve as a foundation for the decision framework. We shall explore the applicability of a dynamic non-linear multiattribute decision model, defined as the analytical network process, for decision making within the green supply chain. Issues facing the modeling approach are also discussed.     

The Toronto Region Sustainability Program: insights on the adoption of pollution prevention practices by small to medium-sized manufacturers in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA)

The Toronto Region Sustainability Program (TRSP) is a multi-year action-and-results oriented program which provides small to medium-sized manufacturing enterprises (SME) (defined as <500 employees at facility level) in the GTA with pollution prevention (P2) technical assistance, coupled with a financial incentive to address the root causes of their pollutants and waste streams and improve their environmental performance. The program has been successful in establishing partnerships with three orders (levels) of government and a third party delivery agent—the Ontario Centre for Environmental Technology Advancement (OCETA)—to achieve significant reductions in pollutants/waste generation and to promote the implementation of pollution prevention practices within SME manufacturing facilities. This paper shares insights on how the program works and uses case studies as illustrative examples to highlight the P2 methods adopted, the resulting environmental burden reductions, as well as the value-added benefits to the TRSP clients' business bottom line. Furthermore, this paper outlines the findings of a survey conducted by OCETA to identify TRSP clients' key drivers for program participation, their implementation status, and the challenges encountered in implementing P2 projects. It is hoped that the insights from this paper will expand the boundaries of P2 knowledge within the P2 community, and motivate SMEs in various sectors to incorporate P2 as a sustainable business strategy.     

The potential of remote sensing data for decision makers at the state, local and tribal level: experiences from NASA’s Synergy program

NASA’s Earth Observation System (EOS) satellite data are contributing to the development of policy relevant, remote sensing applications. To promote the use of EOS data for application development, NASA funded the Synergy program in 2000 in partnership with academia, end users, and industry. Three examples of remote sensing applications from the Synergy program are presented here and include agriculture, range management, and water resource management. These examples show that remote sensing products have the potential to be useful to a variety of decision makers and policy makers because of the opportunity to reduce chemicals in the environment, improve crop yields and better manage range lands and water resources. Transitioning from research and development to successful applications must overcome challenges such as the lack of awareness by end users of these technologies, inadequate feedback mechanism between application developers and end users, and unproven cost benefits of remote sensing data. Experience from the Synergy program indicates that these issues could be mitigated by educating and training end users, demonstrating the utility of remote sensing data in improving decision making, and establishing and maintaining a continuous dialogue between developers and end users. Sustainability of remote sensing applications ultimately depends on users continuing reliance on products and benefits from remote sensing data. The Synergy program also demonstrates that remote sensing data sets that are collected primarily for global change research contribute to the development of applications in a variety of disciplines at the regional and local level.     

德国环境绩效评估成果对中国环境保护的启示

文章通过研究和学习德国在环境保护方面的基本做法和成功经验,进而给予我们在环境保护方面诸多启示,包括加强环保教育,进一步增强环境保护意识;在引导和鼓励中国环境非政府组织方面,可以给予非政府组织宽松的生存空间;赋予非政府组织广泛的环境权利;强化非政府组织的外部监督;广开财路,多渠道筹措环保资金,融资渠道有通过债券市场,股票环保,基金,环保彩票,引进外资,金融机构贷款,排污权交易方式融资;加强中国企业的环境管理和认证;完善中国的环境政策等。     

对上海的环境形势及环保工作重点的一些浅见

根据上海环境保护现状和未来发展的战略目标，分析了在经济高速、持续、稳定发展和社会主义市场经济发展中上海所面临的环境形势。提出了应以环境规划入手，加快环境法制建设，全面推行排污许可证制度，强化环境管理，切实有效工业污染，以及依靠科技进步和全面提高市民的环境参与意识等方面作为环境综合整治工作的重点。     

跨区域环境治理中地方政府间的博弈分析

地方政府作为利益主体面临着经济发展和环境保护的双重压力,在环境事务的合作治理中,为争取自身利益的最大化展开博弈。文章运用博弈论的理论工具,从动态的、微观的角度分析跨区域环境事务中地方政府间的利益博弈过程和理性决策行为,并为区域间环境事务的合作和交流提出合理建议,以期为我国跨区域环境监管制度、机制的建设和完善提供了理论参考。     

济南市高校大学生环境意识调查研究

环境意识已经成为国民素质的一个重要标志,大学生的环境意识状况对社会的和谐发展有重要的影响。本文采用问卷调查法,从环境意识、环境态度、环境行为、环境知识和环境教育等方面,从济南市八所本科院校中随机抽取了300名大学生,进行环境意识状况的调查、分析和总结。结果表明：济南市大学生的环境意识总体水平较好,但环保行为滞后;大学生作为一个有知识的特殊群体,环保意识有待提高,环保行为极待加强。针对这些问题。提出了提高大学生环境意识的主要措施。     

基于公私合营管理模式在城市生活垃圾处理中的应用研究

提出基于公私合营的政府管理模式在城市生活垃圾处理中的应用研究,对公私合营的政府管理模式具有的"伙伴关系、利益共享、风险共担"三大特征进行了分析;借鉴当前学术界存在的一些公私合营的政府管理模式类型,与城市生活垃圾治理的行业特征进行有机结合,将公私合营的政府管理模式分为公有私营模式、公私合资模式和特许经营模式三大类,分析这些模式在城市生活垃圾处理中的具体应用,实现政策性与效益性的双赢发展机制,对改善城市居民生活环境,促进城市经济和社会的高质量发展具有重要意义。     

中国的改革开放政策与环境保护发展

从产业结构、能源结构、基本设施、西部大开发、新工业文明等5个方面分析了中国经济体制的改革和经济增长方式的转变,并从法制建设、行政管理、公众 意识、经济手段、科技进步等5个角度讨论了中国环境保护政策的演化。展望 了中国的环境保护在综合决策、控制人口、强化法制、增加投入、清洁生产等5种措施上的发展效果。     

Survey and analysis of public environmental awareness and performance in Ningbo, China: a case study on household electrical and electronic equipment

Based upon a survey on household electronic and electrical equipment, this paper provides information on the public's perception of the local environmental quality, environmental awareness and environmental performance, and of their willingness to pay for improving environmental quality and making green purchases. The results indicate that Ningbo residents are not satisfied with the local environmental quality, and they would like very much to share environmental responsibility. About 64% of the respondents are aware of Chinese environmental labeling. Nearly 70% and 80% of the respondents are willing to pay for environmental improvement and to purchase environmentally friendly products, respectively. The amount of household electrical and electronic equipment has increased dramatically and most of them are phased out within their product lifetimes. Of all the respondents, 61% chose to reuse and recycle waste electrical and electronic equipment.