2008～2018年武汉市BC气溶胶时间演变特征及其来源分析

黑碳(BC)作为最重要的吸收性气溶胶,其辐射强迫显著地改变大气边界层结构和近地面大气污染物的累积。基于2008～2018年武汉市BC和气象要素的观测数据,结合CWT潜在来源模型,分析了BC的时间演变特征和潜在来源分布。结果表明武汉BC平均质量浓度为6 926.4±4 090.6 ng/m³,?ngstr9m指数(AAE)和液体燃料源对BC贡献占比(P)的平均值分别为0.98±0.44和76.6%,BC主要来自液体燃料的燃烧。2014～2017年BC质量浓度呈现显著的下降趋势,液体燃料对BC的贡献逐年增加。BC的季节分布为冬季(8 537.3 ng/m³)>春季(7 513.2 ng/m³)>秋季(6 820.2 ng/m³)>夏季(6 161.9 ng/m³),BC_liquid占比为秋季(80.0%)>冬季(77.3%)>春季(76.2%)>夏季(72.9%)。不同季节BC日变化特征不同。四个季节BC日变化在2008～2...     

冰雪和降水中黑碳的分布特征与来源研究进展

黑碳（black carbon,BC）影响着全球辐射平衡、大气环境和人体健康,而降水是大气中黑碳的主要去除方式.简述了降水中黑碳的分析方法,重点论述了国内外降水中黑碳的分布特征和对黑碳的去除效率,以及模型和碳同位素示踪技术在识别黑碳来源的应用.结果表明:①单颗粒黑碳光度计因其检测限低、分析速度较快等优点在分析液相介质黑碳中应用较多.②降水中黑碳含量在空间上呈现较大差异,中国降水中黑碳含量较两极地区高2~3个数量级,越靠近两极地区,降水中黑碳含量越低,且工业革命后冰芯中黑碳含量有所增加.由于不同地区工业类型和化石燃料燃烧效率的差异,中国降水中黑碳含量大于东亚其他地区及欧洲地区.长时间（>8 h）降水对黑碳的去除效果较好.③混合单粒子拉格朗日积分轨迹模型、正定矩阵因子分解模型和碳同位素示踪技术相结合能更好地分析降水中黑碳的来源.研究显示,我国降水中黑碳含量较高、污染较重,但对城市降水中黑碳污染的关注还不足,未来应加强对不同地区城市降水中黑碳的观测,充分利用分析模型和碳同位素示踪技术解析降水中黑碳的来源.      

Individual particle analysis of aerosols collected at Lhasa City in the Tibetan Plateau

To understand the composition and major sources of aerosol particles in Lhasa City on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), individual particles were collected from 2 February to 8 March, 2013 in Tibet University. The mean concentrations of both PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ during the sampling were 25.7 ± 21.7 and 57.2 ± 46.7 μg/m³, respectively, much lower than those of other cities in East and South Asia, but higher than those in the remote region in TP like Nam Co, indicating minor urban pollution. Combining the observations with the meteorological parameters and back trajectory analysis, it was concluded that local sources controlled the pollution during the sampling. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) combined with energy-dispersive X-ray spectra (EDS) was used to study 408 particles sampled on four days. Based on the EDS analysis, a total of 8 different particle categories were classified for all 408 particles, including Si-rich, Ca-rich, soot, K-rich, Fe-rich, Pb-rich, Al-rich and other particles. The dominant elements were Si, Al and Ca, which were mainly attributed to mineral dust in the earth's crust such as feldspar and clay. Fe-, Pb-, K-, Al-rich particles and soot mainly originated from anthropogenic sources like firework combustion and biomass burning during the sampling. During the sampling, the pollution mainly came from mineral dust, while the celebration ceremony and religious ritual produced a large quantity of anthropogenic metal-bearing particles on 9 and 25 February 2013. Cement particles also had a minor influence. The data obtained in this study can be useful for developing pollution control strategies.     

北京秋冬季有机碳和元素碳(黑碳)测试结果的细节研究

长期以来,对碳气溶胶的定量研究主要关注OC（有机碳）、EC（元素碳）或BC（黑碳）的整体测定结果,很少有对测定结果细节特征的深入解读.为全面掌握和利用仪器分析结果包含的科学信息,使用热光法IMPROVE_A协议（model 2001A）测定了2015年10月（秋季）和2016年1月（冬季）北京市PM_2.5中的ρ（OC）和ρ（EC）,使用光学法（黑碳仪AE31）测定了相应的ρ（BC）.结果表明:① ρ（OC）和ρ（EC）的秋季平均值分别为8.59、3.89 μg/m3,冬季分别为16.45和6.19 μg/m3,冬季明显高于秋季;② 热光法测定结果显示,秋季样品中ρ（OC₁）/ρ（OC）的平均值为0.08±0.04,而冬季则升至0.22±0.05,这可能与冬季较高的挥发性有机物（VOCs）排放及低温带来的冷凝效应有关;③ 七波长黑碳仪测定结果显示,在秋季,紫外波段（370 nm）测定的BC当量[ρ（BC370）]与红外波段（880 nm）测定的BC标准量[ρ（BC880）]的比值[ρ（BC370）/ρ（BC880）]为1.05±0.11,说明棕色碳（BrC）的吸光影响非常弱,而冬季该比值升至1.47±0.11,升幅达40%;④ 结合两种方法对强吸光碳的测定结果,发现ρ（BC）/ρ（EC）与ρ（PM_2.5）的变化趋势一致,证明污染程度加重会带来EC内混合比例上升,因而提高其吸光能力,使黑碳仪测得的ρ（BC）上升.然而,进一步考察表明,这种上升是有限度的,当ρ（PM_2.5）达到50~70 μg/m3时,ρ（BC）/ρ（EC）进入"平台状态",秋季"平台值"约为1.05,冬季约为0.55.研究显示,仪器的测定结果包含大量被忽略的信息,对其细节的深入解读有利于更好地了解碳气溶胶的综合特征.      

西安冬春季PM10中碳气溶胶的昼夜变化特征

为探讨西安市大气碳气溶胶的季节变化和昼夜变化特征及来源,于2006-12-19~2007-01-21(冬季)和2007-04-01~2007-04-30(春季)连续采集了大气可吸入颗粒物(PM10)样品,并采用IMPROVE热光分析法分析了其中有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)的昼夜浓度.结果显示,冬季白天PM10及其中OC和EC的平均浓度分别为455.0、62.4和7.5μg/m3,夜晚的平均浓度分别为448.7、66.1和6.9μg/m3,对应春季白天的平均浓度分别为397.9、26.7和6.9μg/m3,夜晚分别为362.1、31.9和8.6μg/m3.冬季白天OC与EC的相关系数为0.44,较之春季0.81要差,主要与冬季采暖期燃料的多样性有关.碳气溶胶组分中,冬季白天和晚上二次有机碳气溶胶(SOC)的平均浓度为8.9和10.2μg/m3,远高于春季(2.8和3.4μg/m3),说明冬季较高的OC排放及较低的大气扩散能力利于碳气溶胶中SOC的生成.对碳气溶胶8种组分的因子分析结果表明,冬季燃煤排放及郊区的生物质排放对碳气溶胶有重要的贡献,而春季机动车的贡献明显增加.     

Carbonaceous aerosols in PM10 and pollution gases in winter in Beijing

An intensive observation of organic carbon (OC) and element carbon (EC) in PM10 and gaseous materials (SO2, CO, and O3,) was conducted continuously to assess the characteristics of wintertime carbonaceous aerosols in an urban area of Beijing, China. Results showed that the averaged total carbon (TC) and PM10 concentrations in observation period are 30.2±120.4 and 172.6±198.3 μ/m3, respectively. Average OC concentration in nighttime (24.9±19.6 μ/m3) was 40% higher than that in daytime (17.7±10.9 μ/m3). Average EC concentrations in daytime (8.8±15.2 μ/m3) was close to that in nighttime (8.9±15.1 μ/m3). The OC/EC ratios in nighttime ranging from 2.4 to 2.7 are higher than that in daytime ranging from 1.9 to 2.0. The concentrations of OC, EC, PM10 were low with strong winds and high with weak winds. The OC and EC were well correlated with PM10, CO and SO2, which implies they have similar sources. OC and EC were not well correlated with O3. By considering variation of OC/EC ratios in daytime and night time, correlations between OC and O3, and meteorological condition, we speculated that OC and EC in Beijing PM10 were emitted as the primary particulate form. Emission of motor vehicle with low OC/EC ratio and coal combustion sources with high OC/EC ratio are probably the dominant sources for carbonaceous aerosols in Beijing in winter. A simple method was used to estimate the relative contribution of sources to carbonaceous aerosols in Beijing PM10. Motor vehicle source accounts for 80% and 68%, while coal combustion accounts for 20% and 32% in daytime and nighttime, respectively in Beijing. Averagely, the motor vehicle and coal combustion accounted for 74% and 26%, respectively, for carbonaceous aerosols during the observation period. It points to the motor vehicle is dominant emission for carbonaceous aerosols in Beijing PM10 in winter period, which should be paid attention to control high level of PM10 in Beijing effectively.     

A preliminary study on measurements of black carbon in the atmosphere of northwest Qilian Shan

Black carbon (BC) concentration and meteorological data are measured discontinuously from May 2009 to March 2011, at the Qilian Shan Station of Glaciology and Ecologic Environment (hereafter “QSSGEE”), located near the terminal of the Laohugou No.12 Glacier in northwestern Qilian Shan, China.We measured the daily, monthly and seasonal variations of BC concentration in the atmosphere and discussed the possible emission sources. Black carbon background concentration in this region varied in the range of 18-72 ng/m³ with the highest in summer and the lowest in autumn. The relations between BC concentration and surface wind direction indicated that BC concentration was higher when northwest wind prevails while lower when southeast wind prevails. Air masses backward trajectories showed the potential emission sources in the northwest. Significant positive correlations between daily mean BC concentration and relative humidity indicated that BC might be one of important cloud condensation nuclei. This hypothesis needs to be confirmed further through cloud microphysical features in this region.     

青藏高原纳木错湖水主要化学离子的时空变化特征

为揭示青藏高原纳木错湖水化学离子的时空变化特征、来源以及主要控制因子,于2006～2010年连续定点(30°47.27’N,90°58.53’E,4 718 m a.s.l.)采集近岸表层湖水样品;于2009年8月采集湖心区剖面样品;于2010年10月采集湖心区剖面样品及表层湖水样品;对其主要化学离子进行分析.结果表明,纳木错湖水中主要阳离子为Na+,主要阴离子为HCO3-.绝大多数离子浓度在季风期较高(6～9月),而非季风期尤其是封冻期(1～4月)偏低;Ca2+浓度的变化则相反,即封冻期较高,而非封冻期较低且变化较小.对垂直剖面湖水分析表明,在湖水垂直结构稳定的非季风期(如10月),除Ca2+浓度随深度无显著变化外,其他离子浓度随深度增加而增大.纳木错湖水主要离子来源于入湖河水的贡献;影响离子时空变化的因素包括蒸发、降水、pH值等,其中蒸发是最主要的影响因素,它造成湖水Na+浓度不断升高而Ca2+浓度降低.     

南京大气PM2.5中碳组分观测分析

为了解南京地区大气细颗粒物及化学成分在灰霾期间的污染水平及可能来源,于2007年6月至2008年5月,采集PM2.5样品,并测定了其中有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)的含量.并考察了有机碳和元素碳的季节变化特征,比较分析了南京地区灰霾与非灰霾期间含碳气溶胶的污染特征.结果显示,南京大气中PM2.5、OC和EC浓度变化范围分别是12.1~287.1,2.6~47.0和1.0~33.6mg/m3,其中夏季PM2.5(109.6mg/m3)和OC(20.8mg/m3)的值在四个季度中最高,呈现出夏季>秋季>冬季>春季的季节变化特征;EC则具有秋季>春季>冬季>夏季的季节变化特征. 霾日的OC、EC、总碳含量(TC)浓度及OC与EC比值分别是非霾日的2.0、1.8、1.9和1.7倍.后向轨迹分析表明,在有利的天气背景下,具有丰富水汽和污染物的混合气团最易使南京产生霾天气.     

成都市西南郊区夏秋季PM_(2.5)碳组分化学特征

为研究成都市西南郊区PM_(2.5)中碳组分浓度的季节变化及污染特征,分析了PM_(2.5)中有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)的含量。结果表明:颗粒物PM_(2.5)、总碳(TC)、有机碳(OC)月平均质量浓度夏季比秋季略高;OC/EC平均比值在夏季和秋季分别为2.47和2.18,说明均有二次有机碳(SOC)的生成;OC和EC在夏秋季均有较强的相关性(夏季R~2为0.77,秋季R~2为0.79);SOC在夏、秋季的月平均浓度分别为4.02,2.76μg/m~3;降雨在一定程度上降低了PM_(2.5)的浓度。     

城市间PM2.5源的碳成分谱比较

为了解我国不同城市PM_2.5源的碳成分谱特征和地域差异,采集沈阳市、十堰市和乌鲁木齐市的燃煤源、柴油车尾气源、汽油车尾气源和餐饮源样品,使用热光透射法分析PM_2.5中的总碳（TC）、有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC）,以及细分的8种碳组分（OC1,OC2,OC3,OC4,EC1,EC2,EC3和OPC_T）,构建各类污染源碳成分谱.结果表明：3个城市4类源TC/PM_2.5从高到低分别为：餐饮源（65.1%±8.4%）、柴油车尾气源（46.2%±9.5%）、汽油车尾气源（37.7%±3.5%）和燃煤源（17.3%±8.0%）;OC/TC在餐饮源中最高（98.0%±0.5%）,EC/TC在柴油车尾气源中最高（38.6%±8.5%）.3个城市同类源的碳组分含量受污染源细分后的不同类型影响有一定差异,但归一化处理后总体仍表现为燃煤源中OC2（14%~30%）和OC3（13%~23%）含量最高,柴油车尾气源中EC2（22%~56%）含量最高,汽油车尾气源中OC2（24%~41%）、OC1（16%~42%）和OC3（12%~26%）含量最高,餐饮源中OC2（21%~43%）和OC3（23%~49%）含量最高.不同污染源的OC/EC值为燃煤源在0.4~7.6之间,柴油车尾气源在0.2~5.6之间,汽油车尾气源在1.1~38.5之间,餐饮源在6.4~170.2之间.分歧系数结果显示3个城市不同源的碳成分谱具有差异性,同类源的碳成分谱具有相似性.将3个城市同类源碳成分谱合并后利用化学质量平衡灵敏度矩阵得到OC2,OC3,OC4,EC1和OPC_T可共同作为燃煤源的标识组分;EC2是柴油车尾气源的标识组分;OC1,OC2和OC3可共同作为汽油车尾气源的标识组分;OC2和OC3可共同作为餐饮源的标识组分.沈阳市、十堰市和乌鲁木齐市相同污染源相似的碳成分谱和一致的标识碳组分可为国内其他城市相关研究提供数据参考.     

2013～2018年武汉市降水和BC的时间演变特征分析

湿清除是大气气溶胶重要的去除机制,由于降水过程和气溶胶本身的复杂性,针对城市地区降水与气溶胶的相互关系还有待开展深入研究。基于2013～2018年武汉市气象要素和黑碳(BC)质量浓度小时数据,分析了不同等级降水和BC的年际、季节等时间演变特征。结果表明：2013～2018年武汉市共出现785个降水日,降水日占总观测日的35.8%,降雨以小雨为主,占总降雨日的72.0%。随着降水强度的增强,BC质量浓度逐渐降低,在大暴雨时最低,为4 001.5 ng/m³,仅为晴天时浓度的42.9%。随着降水强度的增加,吸收?ngstr9m指数(AAE)先减小后增加。武汉市BC气溶胶主要来自化石燃料的燃烧。2013～2018年武汉市暴雨和大雨日数、降雨量逐渐减少,而中雨和小雨天日数、降雨量逐渐增加。暴雨和大雨天数平均每年减少0.7天和0.6天,中雨和小雨天数平均每年增加1.3天和4天。不同降雨等级过程中BC和AAE的年际变化特征和季节分布特征不同。BC质量浓度在春季和夏季,随着降水强度的增加逐渐降低,AAE在秋季随降雨强度的增强而逐渐降低。降水过程对大气污染物的清除作用持续时间较短...     

燃煤锅炉颗粒物化学组成排放特征

本研究收集了兰州市不同吨位燃煤锅炉颗粒物排放样品,分析并评估了锅炉烟气中水溶性无机离子、碳质组分、水溶性有机物(WSOC)以及多环芳烃(PAHs)的排放水平、排放特征及其影响因素.结果表明,SO_4~(2-)、Cl~-和Ca~(2+)是燃煤锅炉样品中最主要的水溶性离子,分别占水溶性离子总和的35. 13%、23. 16%和22. 20%.不同吨位燃煤锅炉样品的OCEC及其热解成分谱较为相似,OC1、OC2、OC3、OC4、EC1、EC2和EC3分别占TC的1. 04%、8. 26%、20. 09%、6. 78%、51. 08%、7. 09%和5. 66%,其中EC1的含量最高,是最主要的碳质组分. WSOC/TC和WSOC/OC分别为0. 09±0. 07和0. 23±0. 12,且不同吨位锅炉之间差异较大.菲(Phe)、芘(Pyr)和苯并(k)荧蒽(Bk F)是PAHs的3个主要成分,分别占PAHs总和的16. 69%、11. 93%和10. 66%.不同吨位燃煤锅炉所排放颗粒物中水溶性离子、OCEC以及WSOC均与锅炉吨位大小无明显线性相关,随着吨位的增加PAHs轻组分含量减小.     

Chemical composition, mass closure and sources of atmospheric PM10 from industrial sites in Shenzhen, China

Concentrations of atmospheric PM10 and chemical components (including twenty-one elements, nine ions, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC)) were measured at five sites in a heavily industrial region of Shenzhen, China in 2005. Results showed that PM10 concentrations exhibited the highest values at 264 μg/m3 at the site near a harbor with the influence of harbor activities. Sulfur exhibited the highest concentrations (from 2419 to 3995 ng/m3) of all the studied elements, which may be related to the influence of coal used as fuel in this area for industrial plants. This was verified by the high mass percentages of SO42-, which accounted for 34.3%-39.7% of the total ions. NO3-/SO42- ratios varied from 0.64-0.71, which implies coal combustion was predominant compared with vehicle emission. The anion/cation ratios range was close to 0.95, indicating anion deficiency in this region. The harbor site showed the highest OC and EC concentrations, with the influence of emission from vessels. Secondary organic carbon accounted for about 22.6%-38.7% of OC, with the highest percentage occurring at the site adjacent to a coal-fired power plant and wood plant. The mass closure model performed well in this heavily industrial region, with significant correlation obtained between chemically determined and gravimetrically measured PM10 mass. The main constituents of PM10 were found to be organic materials (30.9%-69.5%), followed by secondary inorganic aerosol (7.9%-25.0%), crustal materials (6.7%-13.8%), elemental carbon (3.5%-10.8%), sea salt (2.4%-6.2%) and trace elements (2.0%-4.9%) in this heavily industrialized region. Principal component analysis indicated that the main sources for particulate matter in this industrial region were crustal materials and coal/wood combustion, oil combustion, secondary aerosols, industrial processes and vehicle emission.     

High black carbon and ozone concentrations during pollution transport in the Himalayas：Five years of continuous observations at NCO-P global GAW station

To study the influence of polluted air-mass transport carrying ozone (O3) and black carbon (BC) in the high Himalayas, since March 2006 the Nepal Climate Observatory at Pyramid (NCO-P) GAW-WMO global station (Nepal, 5079 m a.s.l.) is operative. During the first 5-year measurements, the O3 and BC concentrations have shown a mean value of 48 ± 12 ppb (± standard deviation) and 208 ± 374 ng/m3, respectively. Both O3 and BC showed well defined seasonal cycles with maxima during pre-monsoon (O3 : 61.3 ± 7.7 ppbV; BC: 444 ± 433 ng/m3) and minima during the summer monsoon (O3 : 40.1 ± 12.4 ppbV; BC: 64 ± 101 ng/m3). The analysis of the days characterised by the presence of a significant BC increase with respect to the typical seasonal cycle identified 156 days affected by "acute" pollution events, corresponding to 9.1% of the entire data-set. Such events mostly occur in the pre-monsoon period, when the O3 diurnal variability is strongly related to the transport of polluted air-mass rich on BC. On average, these "acute" pollution events were characterised by dramatic increases of BC (352%) and O3 (29%) levels compared with the remaining days.     

茂兰喀斯特植被演替中土壤微生物量碳氮研究

选取茂兰自然保护区4种植被类型(原生林、次生林、灌木林和草地),采集0～15 cm的表层土样,探讨了土壤微生物量碳(Bc)、土壤微生物量氮(BN)的变化特征及其与土壤理化特性之间的关系.研究发现:(1)样区内生态系统在正向演替中(草地→灌木林→次生林→原生林),Bc、BN含量总体表现为逐渐增大,并且冬季最高,夏季最低,...     

2008年奥运期间北京不同粒径大气颗粒物中元素碳和有机碳的变化特征

采用安德森撞击式分级采样器采集2008-06-01～2008-09-30不同粒径的大气颗粒物样品,并用美国沙漠所DRI(desert research institute)的Model 2001A热光碳分析仪对其中的元素碳和有机碳进行了分析.结果表明,平均有56%、55%和73%的PM、OC和EC富集于粒径<2.1 μ...     

基于BEPS生态模型对亚洲东部地区蒸散量的模拟

气候变化和人类活动的加剧导致亚洲东部地区陆地生态系统的碳水循环过程发生显著的变化,成为全球变化研究最关注的对象之一。实际蒸散(ET)是陆地生态系统碳水循环的重要组成部分,但对该地区ET特征的研究尚不够深入。论文利用遥感、气象和土壤等资料驱动生态过程模型BEPS对亚洲东部地区1982—2006年间的ET进行了模拟分析。利用6个站的通量实测数据验证表明,BEPS模型能够解释ET的81.23%的年变化和86.4%的10 d变化。模拟结果表明:亚洲东部的ET呈现出从东南向西北和西南沙漠地区逐渐减少的分布特征,最小值位于中国的西北沙漠地区;ET与降水量之比从东南和东北地区向西北内陆和西南沙漠地区逐渐增加,其中在中国长江以南的亚洲东部地区,平均值为0.4,而在沙漠地区接近1.0。在1982至2006年期间,研究区年ET总量的平均值为12 045×109m3/a,其中,中国、泛东南亚和印度的ET总量占整个研究区的62.4%;研究区的单位面积ET均值为401 mm/a,在泛东南亚地区最大(1100 mm/a),在蒙古最小(134 mm/a)。在所有的地表覆盖类型中,常绿阔叶林的ET总量和平均值都为最大,城镇地区的ET总量和平均值都为最小。研究区的ET总量呈增加趋势,草地、稀树草原、裸地和城镇的ET明显上升,其它地表覆盖类型的ET变化不明显。     

城区与县区不同空气质量下碳组分污染特征对比分析

为对比城区与相邻县区不同空气质量下的碳组分污染特征,分别在成都市和仁寿县采集霾期及非霾期PM_2.5有效样品共计88个,确定其相应质量和各碳组分浓度[有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)和二次有机碳(SOC)等],并进行各碳组分之间的相关性及主成分分析.结果表明,不同空气质量下的城区污染物浓度均高于县区.OC和EC密切相关,非霾期的相关性系数较霾期大.与城区相比,霾期县区的SOC/PM_2.5较大,说明其受二次有机物污染更为明显;但城区非霾期二次气溶胶占比明显高于霾期,表明霾期的一次排放是城区大气污染的主要原因.燃煤、机动车排放和生物质燃烧均是两个区域PM_2.5的主要来源.     

机动车源和民用燃料源颗粒物中有机碳和元素碳的排放特征

为了获取机动车源尾气和主要民用燃料源燃烧过程排放的颗粒物中含碳气溶胶的排放特征,使用多功能便携式稀释通道采样器和Model 5L-NDIR型OC/EC分析仪,采集分析了典型机动车源(汽油车、轻柴油车、重柴油车)、民用煤(块煤和型煤)和生物质燃料(麦秆、木板、葡萄树树枝)的PM₁₀和PM_2.5样品中的有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC).结果表明,不同排放源释放的PM₁₀和PM_2.5中含碳气溶胶的质量分数存在显著差异.总碳(TC)在不同源PM₁₀和PM_2.5中的质量分数范围分别为40.8%～68.5%和30.5%～70.9%,OC/EC范围分别为1.49～31.56和1.90～87.57.不同源产生的含碳气溶胶均以OC为主,OC在PM₁₀和PM_2.5中的质量分数范围分别为56.3%～97.0%和65.0%～98.7%.在PM₁₀和PM_2.5的含碳气溶胶中OC质量分数按照从高到低...