土地开发复垦潜力分析初探——以四川省彭州市为例

以四川省彭州市为例，对彭州市待开发复垦的土地进行了潜力分析，包括耕地后备资源的调查、待开发复垦土地的适宜用途评价、潜力分级、经济效益及前景分析。结果表明：在耕地后备资源调查的基础上，通过对待开发复垦土地的潜力分析，可以明确土地开发复垦后的适宜用途、土地开发复垦的难易程度以及空间布局和数量分布，这是对县（市）域进行土地开发复垦潜力研究的有效方法，也是在实际运用中具有较强指导意义的方法。     

农村建设用地拆旧复垦土壤重金属含量分析

文章选取了化州市丽岗镇、林尘镇、新安镇各5个拆旧复垦地块进行土壤重金属镉、汞、砷、铅、铬检测分析，分析结果表明，复垦地块的重金属含量均未超过《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管制标准（试行）》（GB 15618—2018）中的农用地污染风险管制值；丽岗镇和林尘镇同一乡镇的不同复垦地块的土壤重金属含量基本一致，新安镇差异较大；土壤砷分布具有区域性。     

基于空间信息的露天矿区排土场土地复垦成本计算

使用Map Objects组件和Ⅶ语言,对露天矿区排土场土地复垦的成本构成及计算进行了系统设计,系统包括排土场土地复垦成本计算和排土场空间地理信息管理两大功能。以安太堡露天煤矿为例,建立了成本计算系统,为露天矿区排土场土地复垦的成本计算提供了重要手段,提高了排土场空间信息管理工作的效率。     

石油天然气项目土地复垦方案相关问题探讨

土地复垦是石油和天然气开采行业绿色矿山建设中的重要内容。土地复垦方案是指导土地复垦义务人实施复垦活动的技术依据,其客观性、科学性和实用性直接影响土地复垦的成效。文章根据石油天然气项目特点及土地复垦实践,从土地复垦适宜性评价、土地复垦的目标任务、土地复垦投资估算、图件编制四个方面提出石油天然气项目土地复垦方案编制建议。     

基于模糊数学的贡嘎山景区燕子沟景群旅游开发项目环境质量评价

应用模糊综合评价的方法进行环境质量评价,能较传统方法提供更多信息。本文将模糊数学的方法首次应用于贡嘎山景区燕子沟景群区环境质量综合评价,选择线性模糊分布确定隶属函数,并采用标准加权法计算权重因子,以消除评价因子实测浓度的影响。分别采用两类算子模型进行评价,结果均表明评价区总体环境质量属于清洁型。     

基于熵值法的城市土地集约利用评价——以徐州市为例

从社会、经济和生态环境三个方面对城市土地集约利用的内涵进行了界定，构建了城市土地集约利用评价指标体系，利用熵值法确定指标权重，采用综合加权法计算城市土地利用的集约度。比徐州市为例进行了实证研究。并对评价结果进行分析，提出了针对性的建议。     

新疆土地利用的生态环境效应分析

土地利用类型的划分往往着眼于一定的生态环境视角.不同的土地利用类型往往反映出不同的生态环境特性,代表不同生态环境质量的差异,体现明显的生态差异性.通过对土地三级分类体系下的各土地利用类型所具有的生态环境质量指数进行了模糊赋值,评价了新疆各地(州)的生态环境质量指数,并对土地利用类型的二级类生态环境贡献率进行了计算和分析.     

农业生态环境质量评价研究

根据农业生态系统的组成及其存在的环境问题提出了选择评价农业生态环境质量的评价指标、选择评价指标的原则，评价指标及其权重的确定原则，指出根据评价指标的指数值计算农业生态环境质量指数值，再根据农业生态环境质量分级标准，确定农业生态环境的状态这一研究方法。     

美国燃煤副产物在矿区复垦应用对我国的启示

从美国矿区土地复垦的主体、资金来源、管理体系、费用评估、效果评价及环境影响等角度,介绍了燃煤副产物在矿区土地复垦的应用情况。美国自1977年联邦《复垦法》施行以来,已形成了完整的矿区土地复垦指导体系,并拥有大量成功案例。若能借鉴美国经验,将我国燃煤副产物应用于矿区土地复垦,不仅能促进我国土地复垦工作开展,还能有效解决燃煤副产物处置难的问题。     

淮北市采煤塌陷区的土地复垦

安徽省淮北市的淮北矿区是我国重要的十大煤炭生产基地之一,现有大小煤矿30余座.长期以来,因采煤而造成的塌陷土地累计达14667hm2,由此引起的地貌变形、房屋倒塌、生态环境恶化等灾害,严重影响了当地工农业生产和人们的生活.因此,加强对采煤塌陷区土地复垦的研究极为重要.在实地考察和有关数据分析的基础上,将淮北矿区因采煤塌陷而被破坏的土地分为四个区,总结出两大土地复垦模式,并对复垦后的土地利用进行适宜性评价.     

乡镇土地定级因素因子体系的探讨

以乡镇土地定级为研究对象,通过对当前乡镇土地定级工作特点的分析,指出了现行城镇土地定级因素因子体系应用于乡镇土地定级存在因子过多、部分因子无实际意义等问题。在此基础上建立了适合乡镇土地定级的因素因子体系,并在宣城市梅渚镇的土地定级工作中得到了较好的应用。     

Identification of Sediment Sources in Forested Watersheds With Surface Coal Mining Disturbance Using Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes1

Abstract: Sediments and soils were analyzed using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratio mass spectrometry and carbon and nitrogen elemental analyses to evaluate the their ability to indicate land‐use and land management disturbance and pinpoint loading from sediment transport sources in forested watersheds disturbed by surface coal mining. Samples of transported sediment particulate organic matter were collected from four watersheds in the Southern Appalachian forest region of southeastern Kentucky. The four watersheds had different surface coal mining history that were classified as undisturbed, active mining, and reclaimed conditions. Soil samples were analyzed including reclaimed grassland soils, undisturbed forest soils, geogenic organic matter associated with coal fragments in mining spoil, and soil organic matter from un‐mined grassland soils. Statistically significant differences were found for all biogeochemical signatures when comparing transported sediments from undisturbed watersheds and surface coal mining disturbed watersheds, and the results were attributed to differences in erosion sources and the presence of geogenic organic matter. Sediment transport sources in the surface coal mining watersheds were analyzed using Monte Carlo mass balance un‐mixing and it was found that: δ¹⁵N showed the ability to differentiate streambank erosion and surface soil erosion; and δ¹³C showed the ability to differentiate soil organic matter and geogenic organic matter. Results from the analyses suggest that streambank erosion downstream of surface coal mining sites is an especially significant source of sediment in coal mining disturbed watersheds. Further, the results suggest that the sediment transport processes governing streambank erosion loads are taking longer to reach geomorphologic equilibrium in the watershed as compared with the surface erosion processes. The dual‐isotope technique provides a useful method for further investigation of the impact of surface coal mining in the uplands of the watershed upon the geomorphologic state of the channel and the source of organic matter in aquatic systems impacted by surface coal mining.     

MINE DRAINAGE AND ROCK TYPE INFLUENCES ON EASTERN OHIO STREAM WATER QUALITY1

ABSTRACT: Stream water during fair weather (base flow) is largely ground water discharge, which has been in contact with minerals of the underlying aquifer. Base flow water quality should therefore reflect aquifer mineralogy as well as upstream land use. Three upstream mining categories (unmined lands, abandoned coal mines, and reclaimed coal mines) differed in pH, specific conductance, sulfate, iron, aluminum, and alkalinity for 122 streams in eastern Ohio. Aquifer rock type influenced pH, specific conductance, sulfate, iron, and alkalinity. Reclamation returned many components of acid mine drainage to near unmined levels, although sulfate and specific conductance were not improved. Acid mine drainage problems were less severe in watersheds underlain by the calcareous Monogahela Formation. These results should ayply to other Appalachian coal regions having similar rock units. The water quality data distributions were neither consistently normal nor lognormal. Statistical tests utilizing ranks of the water quality data, instead of the data themselves, proved useful in analyzing the influences of mining category and rock type.     

WATERSHED PLANNING FOR ACID MINE DRAINAGE ABATEMENT1

Acid drainage from abandoned mines is a widespread problem in old mining regions. Agencies seeking to abate it face the prospect of dealing with hundreds of potential abatement projects, stretching decades into the future. A systematic regional analysis is necessary to establish locations, objectives, priorities, and phasing of such projects. The U.S. Bureau of Mines developed a novel procedure for abatement planning in the 420 square mile Blacklick Creek Watershed in Pennsylvania. The plan sought to direct abatement projects toward pollution sources where degradation was worst and adverse effects greatest. It established abatement priorities by comparing the “supply” of sources to be reclaimed (the degrees of old mines' water quality degradation) with the “demand” for abatement to be done (the natural and cultural values represented by the region's demography, land use and other non-mining characteristics). Matrices were used to define the relationships among mining and non-mining factors; maps were developed to show the geographic distribution of the conclusions. The locations, priorities, and phasing of abatement objectives shown on the maps should provide guidance for any abatement effort, no matter what type of technology is applied to achieve the objectives. Over the many years in which abatement projects are to be performed in the Watershed, the plan can be used to define, coordinate, and establish priorities for the projects in a manner that can result in maximum abatement benefits from the application of limited funds.     

Considering climate change and regional differences: An efficiency assessment of coal mine use and land restoration

China is the country with the largest coal mining production and consumption in the world, but due to a large amount of coal burning, air pollution and climate change are exasperating related problems. The previous literature mainly has discussed coal mine production and environmental pollution, but failed to take into account external factors such as climate change and seldom discussed the relationship between coal mine land use and land restoration. Therefore, this study uses the meta-Epsilon-Based Measure two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis under the exogenous model and incorporates coal mine land use and land restoration use into the model to explore the relationship between the two under climate change. The research results are as follows. (1) If the external climate factors are not considered, then the phenomenon of overestimation or underestimation of the technology gap arises. (2) The efficiency value of the coal mining stage in most provinces is generally higher than the land restoration efficiency value.     

惠州市陈江镇土地定级暨基准地价评估与成果分析

2002年,陈江镇划归惠州市城区管辖,行政区划的改变给该镇的土地价格带来了明显变化.介绍了陈江镇土地定级与估价过程中资料的收集、评估参数的确定、估价技术方法的选择和土地定级的估价.在对比前后工业、商业、住宅用地的价格后,重点从级别范围的变动、地价体系的变化和地价水平三个方面详细分析了陈江镇的基准地价在行政区域变化前后土地价格变化的原因,并对基准地价与原惠州城区地价体系的衔接作了具体分析.     

城市土地地质经济评价的理论与方法

城市土地地质经济评价是根据城市建设中存在着土地利用与地质环境不协调的矛盾，以及制定土地价格时忽略地质环境因素而提出的新概念。文章论述了该评价的基本思路、类型、指标体系、模型和方法．并以厦门海沧开发区土地利用适宜性地质经济评价为例，简述了该评价理论和方法的重大实践意义。     

Carbon sequestration potential in reclaimed mine sites in seven east-central states

Terrestrial systems represent a significant potential carbon (C) sink to help mitigate or offset greenhouse gas emissions. Nearly 3.2 Mha are permitted for mining activities in the United States, which are required to be reclaimed with vegetative cover. While site-specific studies have assessed C accumulation on reclaimed mine sites, regional analyses to estimate potential C increases have not been conducted. For this analysis, potential C sequestration is analyzed on 567,000 ha of mine land in a seven-state region reclaimed to cropland, pasture, or forest. Carbon accumulation is estimated for cropland, pasture, and forest soils, forest litter layer, and aboveground biomass by estimating average annual rates of C accumulation from site-specific and general C sequestration studies. The average annual rate of C storage is highest when mine land is reclaimed to forest, where the potential sequestration is 0.7 to 2.2 Tg yr(-1). The C from soils, litter layer, and biomass from mine lands reclaimed to forest represents 0.3 to 1.0% of the 1990 CO2 emissions from the study region (919 Tg CO2). To achieve the greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction goal of 7% below the 1990 level as proposed by the Kyoto Treaty requires CO2 emissions in the study area to be reduced by just over 64 Tg CO2. The potential carbon storage in mine sites reclaimed to forest could account for 4 to 12.5% of these required reductions.     

Reclaimed Mineland Curve Number Response to Temporal Distribution of Rainfall1

Warner, Richard C., Carmen T. Agouridis, Page T. Vingralek, and Alex W. Fogle, 2010. Reclaimed Mineland Curve Number Response to Temporal Distribution of Rainfall. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 46(4): 724-732. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00444.x Abstract: The curve number (CN) method is a common technique to estimate runoff volume, and it is widely used in coal mining operations such as those in the Appalachian region of Kentucky. However, very little CN data are available for watersheds disturbed by surface mining and then reclaimed using traditional techniques. Furthermore, as the CN method does not readily account for variations in infiltration rates due to varying rainfall distributions, the selection of a single CN value to encompass all temporal rainfall distributions could lead engineers to substantially under- or over-size water detention structures used in mining operations or other land uses such as development. Using rainfall and runoff data from a surface coal mine located in the Cumberland Plateau of eastern Kentucky, CNs were computed for conventionally reclaimed lands. The effects of temporal rainfall distributions on CNs was also examined by classifying storms as intense, steady, multi-interval intense, or multi-interval steady. Results indicate that CNs for such reclaimed lands ranged from 62 to 94 with a mean value of 85. Temporal rainfall distributions were also shown to significantly affect CN values with intense storms having significantly higher CNs than multi-interval storms. These results indicate that a period of recovery is present between rainfall bursts of a multi-interval storm that allows depressional storage and infiltration rates to rebound.     

Integrated resource assessment and sustainable land use

Decision makers and planners in resource sectors recognize, at least in theory, the multiple uses of land, reflecting possible choices and options for society, and the need to evaluate the economic, social, and environmental implications of these choices. As such, the need for integrated resource management is now widely accepted in resource planning. This article contributes to the understanding of sustainable resource development through a specific case study. An integrated analytical system is developed and applied to the Peace River Region, British Columbia, Canada, to examine the impacts of a wide range of land-use options and policies upon the achievement of multiple resource use goals. The results indicate that an integrated approach in land resource analysis is not only possible but a necessary step in the move to develop procedures for assisting public decision makers in integrating the diverse functions of the land resource base and to revise demands or develop alternative strategies in order to move society closer to sustainable outcomes.