载溴活性炭去除烟气中的单质汞

为提高活性炭对烟气中单质汞的吸附作用,利用溴对活性炭进行处理.通过对吸附容量和吸附动力学的测试,研究了载溴活性炭对气体中的单质汞的去除行为.结果表明,载溴可使活性炭对单质汞的吸附量显著增加,并加快对单质汞的吸附速率.实验条件下,当载溴量为0.33%时,活性炭对汞的饱合吸附量可增加约80倍,吸附容量达0.2mg/g;相对吸附系数增加了约40倍.溴负载量越高,吸附强化作用越显著.温度升高,载溴活性炭的吸附能力略有下降,烟气中的二氧化硫对单质汞的吸附速率略有抑制作用.     

负载硫氯化合物的活性炭去除单质汞的研究

文章在模拟含汞气体条件下研究了高温下负载氯化硫的活性炭对单质汞的去除效果及反应条件对去除率的影响。实验发现,140℃时负载氯化硫的活性炭在接近实际烟气汞浓度条件下能在长时间内保持较高的单质汞去除率;单质汞去除率与氯化硫负载率成正比,与反应温度和模拟含汞气体进口汞浓度成反比。     

活性炭负载催化剂对模拟烟气中单质汞的吸附

通过浸渍法在活性炭上负载催化剂MgCl_2、CoCl_2、MnCl_2对活性炭进行改性,研究了催化剂负载量、吸附温度对活性炭吸附模拟烟气中单质汞的影响。在活性炭表面上添加无机盐MgCl_2、COCl_2、MnCl_2形成各种表面化学基团,从而加快了在炭表面对汞进行的化学吸附行为,提高活性炭的吸附能力和选择性。结果表明,在负载量为5%时,MnCl_2的改性效果最好,吸附效率提高了93%,其次是CoCl_2效率提高了90%。这在于Mn、Co这两种过渡元素价电子层结构为:(n-1)d~(1-10)ns~2,易形成杂化轨道,与单质汞发生氧化还原反应,也可以接受烟气中氧等配体的孤电子对,与活性炭表面的官能团易形成具有独特的催化性能的配合物,这种配合物作为中间产物可对汞的氧化-化学吸附起到配位催化作用,为模拟烟气中单质汞的吸附提供了适宜的反应表面。     

活性炭纤维对水中重金属离子的吸附研究

以活性炭纤维作为去除水中镉、镍、铜三种重金属离子的吸附剂，考察了震荡时间、水样pH对吸附效果的影响。测定了三种离子的吸附等温线，采用Langmuir和Freundich模式对吸附平衡实验数据作了线性模拟。对吸附规律进行了探讨。结果表明，吸附效率随着震荡时间的延长pH的增大而升高。三种重金属离子在活性炭纤维上的吸附可用Langmuir和Freundich模式较好地描述。吸附形式呈单分子层且易于进行。结果表明，活性炭纤维对水中三种重金属离子的吸附特性良好，且吸附剂易于再生，可作为去除水中离子态重金属的优良吸附剂。     

活性炭脱除焦化废水中酚类污染物的影响因素

为了研究活性炭去除焦化废水中酚类污染物的影响因素,选取HCl、HNO_3、KOH、Ca(OH)_2作为改性液对活性炭进行改性处理。结果表明,盐酸改性的活性炭对酚类污染物吸附去除效果最好。利用正交试验进一步深入研究盐酸改性活性炭在不同外界条件下对酚类污染物吸附去除效果,结果显示溶液pH值和HCl改性活性炭投加量对吸附效果影响较为显著。在一定范围内盐酸改性活性炭投加量越大,吸光度越小,说明吸收效果越好。溶液pH为7时,吸附效果最好。     

Mn-Co/MCM-41吸附剂表征及脱除烟气中单质汞研究

针对燃煤烟气中单质汞(Hg0)不溶于水而颇难去除的问题,采用浸渍法制备了不同Mn和Co物质的量比的Mn-Co/MCM-41介孔分子筛吸附剂,在固定床实验台架上考察了各吸附剂的脱汞效率.采用N2吸附/脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、H2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等技术对吸附剂进行了物理化学性质表征.结果表明:Mn和Co复合后,吸附剂的脱汞效率显著提高.Mn/Co物质的量比为3/1时,吸附剂的脱汞效率最高,反应温度为150℃时,其脱汞效率高达90%.与单一组分Mn或Co负载MCM-41吸附剂相比,Co的掺杂不但使Mn和Co在MCM-41上的分散更均匀,还会促进Mn3+和Mn2+向Mn4+的转化和提高吸附剂的还原特性,增强吸附剂的脱汞性能.     

载铁活性炭对水中草甘膦吸附性能研究

通过浸渍-焙烧法制备载铁活性炭,并用SEM电镜分析了载铁活性炭表面形态,研究了载铁活性炭(Fe-AC)对草甘膦溶液的吸附等温线和吸附动力学,并分析了各种影响因素对载铁活性炭吸附性能的影响.实验表明,Freundlich方程可以对Fe-AC草甘膦吸附等温线进行很好拟合,最大吸附量约为5.8mmol/g;其吸附动力学过程用Lagergren方程拟合,吸附速率常数在0.088min-1左右,且随着温度的升高逐渐减小.根据Kannan & Sundaram颗粒内扩散模型拟合,颗粒内扩散速率常数kp大于10mg·min-1/2/g,并随着起始温度的升高而减小.由于草甘膦的存在形态和Fe-AC材料表面性质的变化,AC-Fe对草甘膦的吸附能力随水溶液的pH升高而降低.NaCl的存在产生拮抗效应使得Fe-AC对草甘膦的吸附容量大大下降,随着NaCl浓度增加至4g/L后,盐析效应开始占主导地位,使得Fe-AC的吸附容量略有增加;由于草甘膦分子的空间位阻效应和亚磷酸根与载铁活性炭表面形成较强的络合物,使得随亚磷酸根浓度的升高Fe-AC对草甘膦的吸附量持续下降.     

改性活性炭对硫氰酸钠膜分离浓水脱杂过程的影响因素

为解决东北某湿法腈纶生产厂中回收NaSCN(硫氰酸钠)效果欠佳的现状,采用不同改性方法制备了10%-H-GAC(氧化改性活性炭)、1M-Na-GAC(还原改性活性炭)和600-N₂-GAC(高温改性活性炭),并探讨了改性方法、吸附时间、投加量以及初始pH对NaSCN膜分离浓水脱杂过程的影响. 结果表明:10%-H-GAC较其他改性活性炭对浓水中NH₃-N、COD_Cr、TOC和盐度的去除率要好. 以10%-H-GAC为吸附剂,吸附时间为180 min,投加量为12.0 g/L,初始pH为6.0时,NH₃-N、COD_Cr、TOC和盐度去除率分别可达35.1%、32.3%、34.9%、25.4%,表明该处理技术能很好地去除硫氰酸钠膜分离浓水中的污染物. 采用Fruendlich吸附等温模型对10%-H-GAC的吸附行为进行拟合,得到的NH₃-N、COD_Cr、TOC及盐度拟合方程的相关系数均在0.92以上. 准二级动力学方程能更好地描述废水中杂质在活性炭上的吸附行为,反映吸附过程. 研究显示,10%-H-GAC能有效去除硫氰酸钠膜分离浓水中的杂质,达到回收硫氰酸钠的目的.      

活性炭热氮气循环脱附甲苯性能实验研究

以GAC-1和GAC-2两种商业活性炭颗粒为吸附剂,甲苯为吸附质,考察活性炭孔道结构、脱附温度对热氮气脱附效率的影响,分析了活性炭再生性能。结果表明:两种活性炭对甲苯均表现出良好的吸附性能,GAC-1具有更大的比表面积、孔容和孔径,更有利于甲苯有机废气的吸附;热氮气循环脱附实验中,相比于90℃和120℃,150℃的脱附温度可以达到更高的脱附率(67.3%);经过5次循环吸附-脱附,GAC-1仍保持原有的吸附容量,脱附率仅下降2.1%。     

燃煤烟气中单质汞的净化脱除

总结了燃煤烟气中汞污染控制的技术原理、技术特点、研究现状及进展情况,对比了烟气中较难脱除的单质汞(Hg0)污染控制技术的优缺点,概述了烟气中单质汞脱除方法,展望了蛭石黏土类矿物对燃煤烟气中汞的吸附脱除方面的应用潜力,提出了对燃煤烟气中单质汞吸附净化的研究思路.     

Metal chlorides loaded on activated carbon to capture elemental mercury

Activated carbon (AC) was considered to be an effective sorbent to control mercury in combustion systems. However, its capture capacity was low and it required a high carbon-to-mercury mass ratio. AC loaded with catalyst showed a high elemental mercury (Hg0) capture capacity due to large surface area of AC and high oxidization ability of catalyst. In this study, several metal chlorides and metal oxides were used to promote the sorption capacity of AC. As a result, metal chlorides were better than metal oxides loaded on AC to remove gaseous mercury. X-ray diffractometer (XRD), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and specific surface area by Brunauer- Emmett-Teller method (BET) analysis showed the main mechanisms: first, AC had an enormous surface area for loading enough MClx; second, Cl and MxOy were generated during pyrogenation of MClx; finally, there were lots of active elements such as Cl and MxOy which could react with elemental mercury and convert it to mercury oxide and mercury chloride. The HgO and HgCl2 might be released from AC’s porous structure by thermo regeneration. A catalytic chemisorption mechanism predominates the sorption process of elemental mercury. As Co and Mn were valence variable metal elements, their catalytic effect on Hg0 oxidization may accelerate both oxidation and halogenation of Hg0. The sorbents loaded with metal chlorides possessed a synergistic function of catalytic effect of valence variable metal and chlorine oxidation.     

CeCl3/活性炭纤维去除模拟烟气中单质汞的实验研究

运用等量浸渍法制备了一系列CeCl3/ACF去除剂,研究了不同负载量、不同温度和不同烟气成分对其脱汞效果的影响,并采用BET和XRD 等手段对去除剂的理化性质进行了表征.结果表明,负载CeCl3后显著改善了活性碳纤维的脱汞能力,在本实验条件下,CeCl3的最佳负载量为5%(质量分数);当反应温度低于140°C时,去除剂的脱汞效率随着温度的升高而升高,当反应温度超过140°C后,去除效率随温度的升高而下降; 通过考察NO、SO2和水蒸气对ACF脱汞效果的影响发现,NO对单质汞脱除具有一定的促进作用,不同浓度的NO与单质汞的脱除效率之间存在正相关关系;SO2对单质汞的脱除具有抑制作用,且脱除效率随着SO2浓度的增加而下降;水蒸气对单质汞的脱除具有阻碍作用.     

Vapor-phase elemental mercury adsorption by residual carbon separated from fly ash

Introduction The impact of mercury on the environment and thephysiological health of human is well documented(Laudal,2000; Poissant, 2002; Galbreath, 2000; Palusova, 1991).Mercury, especially methyl mercury, has high affinities forfatty tissue…     

Silver impregnated carbon for adsorption and desorption of elemental mercury vapors

The Hg0 vapor adsorption experimental results on a novel sorbent obtained by impregnating a commercially available activated carbon (Darco G60 from BDH) with silver nitrate were reported. The study was performed by using a fundamental approach, in an apparatus at laboratory scale in which a synthetic flue gas, formed by Hg0 vapors in a nitrogen gas stream, at a given temperature and mercury concentration, was flowed through a fixed bed of adsorbent material. Breakthrough curves and adsorption isotherms were obtained for bed temperatures of 90, 120 and 150°C and for Hg0 concentrations in the gas varying in the range of 0.8–5.0 mg/m3. The experimental gas-solid equilibrium data were used to evaluate the Langmuir parameters and the heat of adsorption. The experimental results showed that silver impregnated carbon was very effective to capture elemental mercury and the amount of mercury adsorbed by the carbon decreased as the bed temperature increased. In addition, to evaluate the possibility of adsorbent recovery, desorption was also studied. Desorption runs showed that both the adsorbing material and the mercury could be easily recovered, since at the end of desorption the residue on solid was almost negligible. The material balance on mercury and the constitutive equations of the adsorption phenomenon were integrated, leading to the evaluation of only one kinetic parameter which fits well both the experimentally determined breakthrough and desorption curves.     

低环多环芳烃(萘、苊)在活性炭上的热脱附行为

利用SETSYS Evolution 16型热重分析仪,在氮气气氛下分别研究了萘和苊在活性炭(AC)上的热脱附行为,并采用多升温速率法和单升温速率法相结合的方法,得到萘和苊在AC上的热脱附反应动力学方程及其动力学参数,结果表明:萘在AC上的热脱附反应动力学模型为Avrami-Erofeev方程,反应级数为1.5,脱附活化能(E)均值为63.38kJ/mol, lnA均值为11.75;苊在AC上的热脱附反应动力学模型亦为Avrami-Erofeev方程,反应级数为2, E均值为95.49kJ/mol, lnA均值为16.80.     

Characteristic and mercury adsorption of activated carbon produced by CO2 of chicken waste

Preparation of activated carbon from chicken waste is a promising way to produce a useful adsorbent for Hg removal. A three-stage activation process （drying at 200℃, pyrolysis in N2 atmosphere, followed by CO2 activation） was used for the production of activated samples. The effects of carbonization temperature （409-4500℃）, activation temperature （700-900℃）, and activation time （1-2.5 h） on the physicochemical properties （weight-loss and BET surface） of the prepared carbon wereinvestigated. Adsorptive removal of mercury from real flue gas onto activated carbon has been studied. The activated carbon from chicken waste has the same mercury capacity as commercial activated carbon （Darco LH） （Hg^v： 38.7% vs. 53.5%, Hg^0： 50.5% vs. 68.8%）, although its surface area is around 10 times smaller, 89.5 m^2/g vs. 862 m^2/g. The low cost activated carbon can be produced from chicken waste, and the procedure is suitable.     

挥发性有机物在活性炭纤维上的吸附和电致热脱附

采用3种不同的活性炭纤维,考察了VOCs种类、VOCs浓度以及床层温度对活性炭纤维吸附VOCs性能的影响,并采用电致热脱附技术进行再生研究.结果表明,甲苯浓度对吸附推动力影响较大,在高浓度下,可使吸附容量达到434.8mg/g.活性炭纤维吸附甲苯受温度影响较小,在60℃下仍然具有288.6mg/g的吸附容量.电致热脱附电压越大,活性炭纤维升温速率越快,脱附效率越高,经过100min即可完全脱附.经过4次吸脱附循环,活性炭纤维仍有较好的吸附效果,饱和吸附量能达到原有吸附量的80%以上.     

微波辐照技术在活性炭脱硫中的应用

采用微波辐照技术对煤质活性炭进行加热,研究了不同的微波功率、辐照时间和样品粒径等因素对活性炭脱硫性能的影响,找出了合适的处理条件.同时,将改性活性炭和原炭对SO2的吸附和催化性能做了比较,说明了微波辐照活性炭具有比原炭更好的吸附和催化性能.采用氮气吸附仪、pH精密酸度计、XPS、元素分析等测试了改性活性炭和原炭的物理化学性能:活性炭的表面积和孔结构没有显著改变;活性炭的脱硫性能与活性炭的pH值有着一定的关系;具有较低氧含量和较高的氮含量的活性炭具有较好的脱硫活性;CH2　和　CO(烯酮基)官能团含量相对增加有利于SO2的吸附.     

西维因在活性炭及草木灰上的吸附及解吸特性

在详细表征活性炭(AC)、草木灰(PA)和沉积物(S)表面性质及化学组成的基础上,研究他们对农药西维因的吸附等温线及吸附和解吸动力学特征.结果表明,化学组成类似,孔隙结构不同的碳吸附剂所遵循的吸附机理不同.介孔分布较多的AC吸附机理复杂,介孔分布较少的PA以线性分配作用为主,AC对西维因的吸附量远大于PA,表面积标化饱和吸附量显示,表面积是影响吸附量的关键因素.AC对西维因的解吸量远小于吸附量,与PA的解吸量相当,PA的解吸量与吸附量相近,且解吸动力学数据均能用准一级动力学方程拟合,说明以分配作用黏附于碳吸附剂上的西维因可能又以分配的形式解吸.沉积物(S)中掺混AC和PA后,对西维因的吸附量增加,解吸量降低,证明AC和PA均具有应用于污染沉积物治理的潜力,但复杂的沉积物体系使得吸附并非简单的叠加.