共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Jinbao WU Zongqiang GONG Liyan ZHENG Yanli YI Jinghua JIN Xiaojun LI Peijun LI 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2010,4(4):387-394
Solubilizing experiments were carried out to evaluate the ability of biodiesel to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from highly contaminated manufactured gas plant (MGP) and PAHs spiked soils with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) and tween 80 as comparisons. Biodiesel displayed the highest solubilities of phenanthrene (420.7 mg·L-1), pyrene (541.0 mg·L-1), and benzo(a)pyrene (436.3 mg·L-1). These corresponded to several fold increases relative to 10% HPCD and tween 80. Biodiesel showed a good efficiency for PAH removal from the spiked and MGP soils for both low molecular weight and high molecular weight PAHs at high concentrations. Biodiesel was the best agent for PAH removal from the spiked soils as compared with HPCD and tween 80; as over 77.9% of individual PAH were removed by biodiesel. Tween 80 also showed comparable capability with biodiesel for PAH solubilization at a concentration of 10% for the spiked soils. Biodiesel solubilized a wider range of PAHs as compared to HPCD and tween 80 for the MPG soils. At PAH concentrations of 229.6 and 996.9 mg·kg-1, biodiesel showed obvious advantage over the 10% HPCD and tween 80, because it removed higher than 80% of total PAH. In this study, a significant difference between PAH removals from the spiked and field MGP soils was observed; PAH removals from the MGP soil by HPCD and tween 80 were much lower than those from the spiked soil. These results demonstrate that the potential for utilizing biodiesel for remediation of highly PAH-contaminated soil has been established. 相似文献
2.
3.
Shuang LIU Yanwei HOU Guoxin SUN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(2):191-199
The combination of two bacteria (Bacillus sp. PY1 and Sphingomonas sp. PY2) and a fungus (Fusarium sp. PY3), isolated from contaminated soils near a coking plant, were investigated with respect to their capability to degrade pyrene and volatilize arsenic. The results showed that all strains could use pyrene and arsenic as carbon and energy sources in a basal salts medium (BSM), with the combined potential to degrade pyrene and volatilize arsenic. Bacillus sp. PY1, Sphingomonas sp. PY2 and Fusarium sp. PY3 were isolated from the consortium and were shown to degrade pyrene and volatilize arsenic independently and in combination. Fungal-bacterial coculture has shown that the most effective removal of pyrene was 96.0% and volatilized arsenic was 84.1% after incubation in liquid medium after 9 days culture, while bioremediation ability was 87.2% in contaminated soil with 100 mg·kg-1 pyrene. The highest level of arsenic volatilization amounted to 13.9% of the initial As concentration in contaminated soil after 63 days. Therefore, a synergistic degradation system is the most effective approach to degrade pyrene and remove arsenic in contaminated soil. These findings highlight the role of these strains in the bioremediation of environments contaminated with pyrene and arsenic. 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)对土壤跳虫的急、慢性毒性效应 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为揭示溴代阻燃剂对土壤生态系统的潜在危害,采用回避实验和繁殖实验评价了十溴联苯醚(BDE-209)对2种土壤跳虫Folsomia candida和Folsomia fimetaria的急/慢性毒性。48h的急性回避实验中,BDE-209对F.candida和F.fimetaria产生毒性效应的EC_(50)值分别为1.27和0.79mg·kg~(-1),LOEC值均小于0.5mg·kg~(-1)。慢性繁殖实验中,BDE-209对F.candida和F.fimetaria繁殖毒性的EC_(50)值分别为0.81和0.56mg·kg~(-1),LOEC值分别为<0.25和<0.5mg·kg~(-1)。研究表明,土壤BDE-209污染对跳虫的繁殖和环境行为有显著影响,且在较低暴露浓度下(0.25mg·kg~(-1))即对跳虫繁殖产生抑制效应;有性生殖的F.fimetaria比孤雌生殖的F.candida对BDE-209污染的毒性响应更为敏感。 相似文献
7.
8.
Quanlin DAI Baifei HUANG Zhongyi YANG Jiangang YUAN Junzhi YANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2010,4(4):449-458
A maize variety, Huatian-1, had an unusually low translocation rate of cadmium (Cd) (59.6 mg·kg-1 in the roots and 0.093 mg·kg-1 in the grain) compared to 24 other varieties while being grown in soils with 16.50 mg·kg-1 Cd. This indicates that this particular species may have special mechanisms that affect the absorption and translocation pattern of Cd. In this paper, the technique of suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) was used to isolate and identify Cd-induced genes from Huatian-1 hydroponically ?exposed? to? 0.1 mM ?CdCl2 ?for? 1 h,? 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h. We found a total of 15 differentially expressed genes in the four groups; 2, 3, 4, and 6 genes were from the groups of 1 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h treatment, respectively. Phospholipase PLDb1 mRNA, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) phosphoribosyl transferase 2, and Sp17 were turned on in the maize in response to Cd stress, and it might provide new clues to explain the mechanism of maize tolerance to Cd. 相似文献
9.
A new procedure combining GC-MS with accelerated solvent extraction for the analysis of phthalic acid esters in contaminated soils 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Tingting MA Ying TENG Peter CHRISTIE Yongming LUO Yongshan CHEN Mao YE Yujuan HUANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(1):31-42
An optimized procedure based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) combined with accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) is developed for the analysis of six phthalic acid esters (PAEs), which are priority soil pollutants nominated by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). Quantification of PAEs in soil employs ultrasonic extraction (UE) (USEPA 3550) and ASE (USEPA 3545), followed by clean up procedures involving three different chromatography columns and two combined elution methods. GC-MS conditions under selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode are described and quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) criteria with high accuracy and sensitivity for target analytes were achieved. Method reliability is assured with the use of an isotopically labeled PAE, di-n -butyl phthalate-d4 (DnBP-D4), as a surrogate, and benzyl benzoate (BB) as an internal standard, and with the analysis of certified reference materials (CRM). QA/QC for the developed procedure was tested in four PAE-spiked soils and one PAE-contaminated soil. The four spiked soils were originated from typical Chinese agricultural fields and the contaminated soil was obtained from an electronic waste dismantling area. Instrument detection limits (IDLs) for the six PAEs ranged 0.10–0.31 μg·L-1 and method detection limits (MDLs) of the four spiked soils varied from a range of 20–70 μg·kg-1 to a range of 90– 290 μg·kg-1. Linearity of response between 20 μg·L-1 and 2 mg·L-1 was also established and the correlation coefficients (R ) were all>0.998. Spiked soil matrix showed relative recovery rates between 75 and 120% for the six target compounds and about 93% for the surrogate substance. The developed procedure is anticipated to be highly applicable for field surveys of soil PAE pollution in China. 相似文献
10.
Hong YAO Shichao ZHANG Xiaobo XUE Jie YANG Kelin HU Xiaohua YU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(2):273-280
Increasing shortages of fresh water has led to greater use of treated wastewater for irrigation of crops. This study evaluates the spatial variability of soil properties after irrigation with wastewater and freshwater. Geostatistical techniques were used to identify the variability of soil properties at the different sites. A set of physical and chemical soil properties were measured including total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), organic matter (OM) and soil moisture. The TN concentration levels varied from 567 to 700 mg·kg-1, while OC levels ranged from 7.3 to 16.3 mg·kg-1 in wastewater-irrigated zones. The concentration levels of TP were between 371.53 and 402.88 mg·kg-1 for the wastewater-irrigated sites. Wastewater irrigation resulted in higher TN, TP and OM concentrations by 18.4%, 8% and 25%, respectively. The highest TN and OM occurred along the wastewater trunk. It was also observed that nitrogen concentrations correlate with the soil's organic matter. The increase of salinity may be associated with the increase of pH, which might suggest that a reduction of pH will be beneficial for plant growth due to the decrease of salinity. The average concentrations of nitrogen in topsoil were higher than those in subsurface soils in irrigated areas. Such differences of the N profile might be due to variations in organic matter content and microbial populations. Consistent with TN and OM, soil C:N decreased significantly with an increase of depth. This phenomenon possibly reflects a greater degree of breakdown and the older age of humus stored in the deeper soil layers. The analysis of pH levels at different depths for the three sites showed that pH values for wastewater irrigation were slightly lower than the controlled sites at the same depths. 相似文献
11.
典型工业城市大气降尘中重金属分布特征及其来源解析---以济南市为例 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
污染源解析是城市大气环境精准防治的重要基础。为探究典型工业城市大气降尘中重金属污染分布特征和污染源解析,本研究在济南市域内采集了35个大气降尘样品,分析了样品中重金属浓度及其空间分布特征,采用正定矩阵因子分析模型(Positive Matrix Factorization,PMF)解析降尘中重金属来源。研究结果表明,降尘中Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、As和Pb浓度平均值分别为501.4、29884.6、8.2、24.8、44.3、153.9、12.5、40.1 mg·kg-1,其中Zn、Cu和Pb的地累积指数(Geoaccumulation Index,Igeo)分别为1.17、1.06和1.01,属于中度污染;钢铁冶炼较为发达的钢城区降尘中Mn、Fe、Co、Cu和As浓度显著高于其他区县,其浓度平均值分别为1172.4、73577.3、17.0、139.7、32.3 mg·kg-1,而Zn和Pb在历下区、槐荫区等人口密集区域最高浓度可达351.5 mg·kg-1和114.0 mg·kg-1;PMF分析结果表明,济南市降尘重金属主要存在4个贡献源,分别为土壤源、工业源、交通源和混合源,贡献率分别为46.8%、26.6%、15.2%和11.4%。其中,重金属Co、Cu、Fe主要来自土壤源,Mn主要来自于土壤源和工业源的贡献,Ni主要来自于土壤源和混合源,交通源对降尘中Pb和Zn的贡献率较高,As则主要来自于工业源。本研究结果可为济南市大气环境精准防控政策的制定提供理论依据。 相似文献
12.
Caihong Xu Jianmin Chen Zhikai Wang Hui Chen Hao Feng Lujun Wang Yuning Xie Zhenzhen Wang Xingnan Ye Haidong Kan Zhuohui Zhao Abdelwahid Mellouki 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(3):37
13.
High cadmium pollution risk on vegetable amaranth and a selection for pollution-safe cultivars to lower the risk 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Yihui ZHOU Meng XUE Zhongyi YANG Yulian GONG Jiangang YUAN Chunyan ZHOU Baifei HUANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2013,7(2):219-230
A pot experiment was carried out by growing 29 different genotypes (Amaranthus spp.) of vegetable amaranth under low- (0.12 mg·kg-1) and middle- (0.40 mg·kg-1) cadmium (Cd) exposure. The result showed that amaranth was vulnerable to cadmium (Cd) contamination in soil. Variations of Cd concentrations in both roots and edible parts among genotypes were significant (P <0.001) in both treatments. Cd concentrations in edible parts of the tested genotypes grown under low- and middle-Cd levels were significantly correlated (p <0.01), implying that Cd-accumulating property of amaranth is genotype-dependent. Differences in Cd chemical forms between cv. Nanxingdayemashixian (cv. Nan), a selected typical pollution-safe cultivar (Cd-PSC), and cv. Pennongjianyexian (cv. Pen), a selected typical non-Cd-PSC, under different Cd exposure conditions were compared. It was found that the alternation of Cd in FNaCl (Cd form extracted by 1 mol·L-1 NaCl) may be a key factor in regulating Cd accumulation of different amaranth genotypes and that the protein-binding Cd is considered to be associated with Cd translocation. The results indicated that amaranth is capable of enduring high level of Cd pollution when grown as vegetable crop, and accordingly, consuming vegetable amaranth would bring high health risk. Therefore, adopting Cd-PSC strategy would help reducing the risk of Cd pollution in amaranth. In this study, cv. Nan was identified as a Cd-PSC and recommended to be applied production practice. 相似文献
14.
随着养殖业的规模化发展,Cu、Zn等重金属元素作为饲料添加剂被广泛应用于畜禽养殖,并随着畜禽粪便的大量、广泛农用,Cu、Zn等低生物毒性的重金属元素在土壤中的逐渐累积以及污染问题日趋严重,这对土壤生态系统的稳定造成了严重的威胁。为探讨Cu胁迫下土壤生态功能的动态变化,文章采用室内模拟培养法,测定了红壤、黄土等8种典型土壤的潜在硝化势对Cu污染胁迫的时间效应;并利用统计分析手段研究了影响Cu胁迫下土壤的硝化功能恢复的主要因素。研究结果表明,在试验处理剂量下,Cu污染处理一周,各土壤潜在硝化势均受到完全抑制,即抑制率在80%以上;随着污染胁迫时间的延长,各土壤的硝化功能均有不同程度的恢复,且在540 d后,500 mg·kg-1 Cu处理土壤(除pH较低的红壤和黑土外)潜在硝化势的恢复率均达到其初始值的80%,即土壤硝化功能基本完全恢复;1000 mg·kg-1 Cu处理土壤(除褐土、棕壤和黄土3中土壤外)潜在硝化势的恢复率均显著低于80%。这表明Cu污染程度的增加可延迟土壤硝化功能的恢复。多元逐步回归分析表明,Cu 污染胁迫下土壤硝化功能的恢复与其初始硝化功能以及其对 Cu 耐受能力显著相关。由此可知,长期Cu污染胁迫下,土壤的硝化功能的恢复主要取决于土壤初始的硝化活性及其对Cu的耐受能力。 相似文献
15.
16.
Jos L. Mateos Paloma Fern ndez Del Pino Francisco J. Guti rrez Ma ero Marí a Ruiz Palomino Juan J. Colon Jos A. Lucas Garcí a Agustí n Probanza 《Chemistry and Ecology》2000,17(2):125-152
Microbial communities (phospholipid fatty acid pattern, bacterial growing strategies, eco-physiological index (EPI) and total bacteria counts, as a number of heterotrophic cuhurable bacteria), substrate-induced respiration (SIR), and nitrogen mineralization were studied in three Mediterranean soils at three different depth levels (A, B and C). Soils were experimentally treated with a final concentration of 1000 ppm of trace metals (Cu2+, Zn2+, Al3+, Fe2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Mn2+, Cr3+ and Cd2+). Soils were stored in 571 plastic containers for one year, and watered with 1001 during this period. Leachate was recovered through a bottom tap. Samples of the three depths were studied. Soil microbial communities showed different effects to other studies presented in the literature, but carried out on non-Mediterranean soils. Dramatic differences were found between treated soils and untreated ones, but not between soils or horizons. the treated soil displayed a decrease in CFUs, SIR N-mineralization and EPI together with a dominance of r-growing strategists. the relative moles percent of several PLFAs, especially 15:0, 16: 1ω7, cy17: 0, br18:0 and 18: 1ω7 decreased because of the pollution of soils, whereas 10Me16, 18:2ω6, cy19:0, i16:0 and br17:0 showed higher values than in untreated soils. 相似文献
17.
18.
Dengqiang FU Ying TENG Yuanyuan SHEN Mingming SUN Chen TU Yongming LUO Zhengao LI Peter CHRISTIE 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(3):330-335
Dissipation and plant uptake of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in contaminated agricultural soil planted with perennial ryegrass were investigated in a field experiment. After two seasons of grass cultivation the mean concentration of 12 PAHs in soil decreased by 23.4% compared with the initial soil. The 3-, 4-, 5-, and 6-ring PAHs were dissipated by 30.9%, 25.5%, 21.2%, and 16.3% from the soil, respectively. Ryegrass shoots accumulated about 280 μg·kg-1, shoot dry matter biomass reached 2.48 × 104 kg·ha-1, and plant uptake accounted for about 0.99% of the decrease in PAHs in the soil. Significantly higher soil enzyme activities and microbial community functional diversity were observed in planted soil than that in the unplanted control. The results suggest that planting ryegrass may promote the dissipation of PAHs in long-term contaminated agricultural soil, and plant-promoted microbial degradation may be a main mechanism of phytoremediation. 相似文献
19.
20.
Guochen ZHENG Jianzheng LI Feng ZHAO Liguo ZHANG Li WEI Qiaoying BAN Yongsheng ZHAO 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2012,6(1):125-130
To investigate the influence of illumination on the fermentative hydrogen production system, the hydrogen production efficiencies of two kinds of anaerobic activated sludge (floc and granule) from an anaerobic baffled reactor were detected under visible light, dark and light-dark, respectively. The 10 mL floc sludge or granular sludge was respectively inoculated to 100 mL diluted molasses (chemical oxygen demand of 8000 mg·L-1) in a 250 mL serum bottle, and cultured for 24 h at 37°C under different illumination conditions. The results showed that the floc was more sensitive to illumination than the granule. A hydrogen yield of 19.8 mL was obtained in the dark with a specific hydrogen production rate of 3.52 mol·kg-1MLVSS·d-1 (floc), which was the highest among the three illumination conditions. Under dark condition, the hydrogen yield of floc sludge reached the highest with the specific hydrogen production rate of 3.52 mol·kg-1MLVSS·d-1, and under light-dark, light, the specific hydrogen production rate was 3.11 and 2.21 mol·kg-1MLVSS·d-1, respectively. The results demonstrated that the illumination may affect the dehydrogenase activity of sludge as well as the activity of hydrogen-producing acetogens and then impact hydrogen production capacity. 相似文献