Deactivation of mycotoxins. I. An in vitro study of zearalenone adsorption on new polymeric adsorbents

Abstract

This study describes the elimination of zearalenone concentrations in vitro using two new polymeric forms of cross‐linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (cryogels of cross‐linked PVP). Adsorption of zearalenone was studied under isothermal conditions and simulating pH of intestinal environment. A Freundlich isotherm was used to describe the adsorption data obtained. The results showed significant decrease of zearalenone concentrations, ranging from 33.5–66.2 % per 25 mg of polymer. Adsorption capacity (k) was estimated to be higher than that of previously tested adsorbents, including crospovidone. The data indicate the need to investigate structure peculiarities in order to improve mycotoxin deactivation procedures using PVP derivatives.     

Deactivation of mycotoxins. I. An in vitro study of zearalenone adsorption on new polymeric adsorbents.

This study describes the elimination of zearalenone concentrations in vitro using two new polymeric forms of cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone (cryogels of cross-linked PVP). Adsorption of zearalenone was studied under isothermal conditions and simulating pH of intestinal environment. A Freundlich isotherm was used to describe the adsorption data obtained. The results showed significant decrease of zearalenone concentrations, ranging from 33.5-66.2% per 25 mg of polymer. Adsorption capacity (k) was estimated to be higher than that of previously tested adsorbents, including crospovidone. The data indicate the need to investigate structure peculiarities in order to improve mycotoxin deactivation procedures using PVP derivatives.     

Determination of T-2 toxin in grain and grain products by HPLC and TLC

The purpose of this study was to investigate the T-2 toxin contaminated grain and grain products consumed especially by Turkish population. The T-2 toxin was detected using the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV detector at 208 nm and the identify of T-2 was further confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). The recovery was 91 +/- 4.24% for corn flour fortified with the known amount of T-2 toxin (1 ppm). The detection limits of T-2 toxin for the HPLC and the TLC were 25 ng and 50 ng, respectively. A total of 30 commercially available grain and grain product samples were analyzed. Two corn flour samples were found to contain detectable levels of T-2 toxin at a level of 1.60 ppm and 4.08 ppm.     

改性稻草吸附铜离子的热力学研究

研究表明稻草改性后吸附铜离子的能力得到很大提高。在4种温度下（15、27、37、50℃）,改性稻草吸附铜离子的最大吸附量分别为1．10、1．24、1．34、1．50mmol／g。不同温度下,吸附自由能△G大大小于零,吸附过程具有强烈的自发趋势。吸附焙△H和吸附熵△S都大于零,吸附过程是熵增加推动的。     

硫酸改性麻黄废渣对Cu~(2+)的吸附研究

用硫酸对麻黄废渣进行化学改性,制备改性麻黄废渣,并用于模拟废水中Cu2+的吸附。通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪和官能团滴定等方法对改性麻黄废渣进行表征;采用静态吸附实验,考察了溶液pH、吸附剂用量、吸附时间等对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,麻黄废渣改性后,酸性基团数量明显增加,羟基和羧基也均有大幅度的增加,表面比改性前变得粗糙和疏松多孔,表面积增大,更有利于对Cu2+的吸附。室温(25℃)下改性麻黄废渣吸附Cu2+的较佳条件为:溶液pH 5.0、吸附时间60min、改性麻黄废渣用量4g/L。改性麻黄废渣对Cu2+的吸附可以用准二级动力学方程描述,Cu2+的饱和吸附量为2.20mmol/g,与改性前(1.49mmol/g)相比有明显提高。改性麻黄废渣吸附—解吸附循环使用5次中,Cu2+的平均解吸率达到83%左右,麻黄废渣平均再生率达到94%以上,经5次循环使用,Cu2+吸附率仍可达到99.46%,说明改性麻黄废渣具有良好的重复利用性能。     

A simple method to prepare magnetic modified beer yeast and its application for cationic dye adsorption

The purpose of this research is to use a simple method to prepare magnetic modified biomass with good adsorption performances for cationic ions. The magnetic modified biomass was prepared by two steps: (1) preparation of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) modified biomass in N, N-dimethylacetamide solution and (2) preparation of magnetic PMDA modified biomass by a situ co-precipitation method under the assistance of ultrasound irradiation in ammonia water. The adsorption potential of the as-prepared magnetic modified biomass was analyzed by using cationic dyes: methylene blue and basic magenta as model dyes. Optical micrograph and x-ray diffraction analyses showed that Fe₃O₄ particles were precipitated on the modified biomass surface. The as-prepared biosorbent could be recycled easily by using an applied magnetic field. Titration analysis showed that the total concentration of the functional groups on the magnetic PMDA modified biomass was calculated to be 0.75 mmol g^?1 by using the first derivative method. The adsorption capacities (q _m) of the magnetic PMDA modified biomass for methylene blue and basic magenta were 609.0 and 520.9 mg g^?1, respectively, according to the Langmuir equation. Kinetics experiment showed that adsorption could be completed within 150 min for both dyes. The desorption experiment showed that the magnetic sorbent could be used repeatedly after regeneration. The as-prepared magnetic modified sorbent had a potential in the dyeing industry wastewater treatment.     

Effects of T-2 toxin on histopathology,fatty acid and water distribution of shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) muscle

T-2 toxin (T-2), one of the naturally occurring mycotoxins, often accumulates in aquatic animals from contaminated feed. Shrimp (n?=?30 per group) were fed with different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.5, 4.5 and 13.5?mg kg^?1) of T-2 for 20?days. Changes in histopathology, fatty acid and water distribution of shrimp muscle were analyzed. Histopathology of shrimp muscle showed dose-dependent marked degenerative and necrotic changes on exposure to dietary T-2. The T-2 significantly (P?<?0.05) affected the muscle fatty acid composition. ∑SFA, ∑MUFA and ∑PUFA initially decreased and then increased slowly in the high-dosed groups. C16:0, C18:1n-9 and C18:2n-6 were the main saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), respectively. Also, T-2 significantly affected water distribution in shrimp muscle. High doses of T-2 reduced free water content, resulting in a reduction in the water holding capacity and hence changes to the shrimp muscle quality. Collectively, these results illustrated that T-2 significantly affects the fatty acid and water distribution, and also muscle histopathology, all of which would result in a reduction in the quality and nutritional value of shrimp.     

改性甘蔗渣吸附废水中低浓度Cu2+的研究

利用离子液氯化-1-己基-3-甲基咪唑对甘蔗渣进行改性,利用改性甘蔗渣吸附去除模拟废水中低浓度的Cu2+,并对比了较优条件下甘蔗渣改性前后的Cu2+吸附性能.结果表明,溶液pH、改性甘蔗渣投加量、吸附时间对改性甘蔗渣吸附Cu2+均有一定的影响,较佳的溶液pH为5.41、改性甘蔗渣投加量为0.30 g、吸附时间为130 min;吸附温度升高Cu2+吸附率反而降低,因此选择在室温下进行吸附反应为宜;在以上较优条件下,改性甘蔗渣和甘蔗渣的Cu2+吸附率分别为83.20％和53.83％,前者的Cu2+吸附率提高了30.35％.     

氧化、还原改性对活性炭吸附草甘膦的影响

研究了氧化、还原改性对活性炭吸附草甘膦的影响.以傅立叶红外光谱定性表面官能团变化,以扫描电镜观察表面形貌,以化学吸附分析仪测定后再通过测定样品的氮气吸附/脱附等温线计算比表面积和孔径.结果表明:(1)氧化改性使活性炭比表面积增大;还原改性使活性炭比表面积减小.还原阶段使先前氧化阶段中产生的孔道以及原有孔道均发生塌陷,导致还原改性活性炭比表面积减小.(2)在静态吸附的条件下,氧化改性和还原改性活性炭对草甘膦的吸附均为吸热反应.还原改性在活性炭表面产生的还原性官能团有利于活性炭对草甘膦的吸附,而氧化改性产生的氧化性官能团并不利于活性炭对草甘膦的吸附.(3)热力学参数的计算进一步表明,改性活性炭对草甘膦的吸附为吸热反应.     

锶在改性介质中的吸附规律及其影响因素研究

通过室内等温静态批量平衡吸附实验,采用2种常见的等温吸附方程(Freundlich方程、Langmuir方程)对锶在3种不同润湿性的石英砂中的吸附行为进行了回归拟合。结果表明,介质润湿性对锶的吸附会产生重要的影响,润湿性较强的亲水性石英砂的吸附性能明显优于疏水性石英砂;从Freundlich方程和Langmuir方程拟合结果来看,两者均具有理想的相关性,但普通石英砂和亲水性石英砂的等温吸附式更符合Langmuir方程,而疏水性石英砂采用Freundlich方程拟合的相关性更好。     

磷酸改性凹凸棒粘土对Pb2+的吸附研究

研究了不同浓度磷酸改性凹凸棒粘土的比表面积、孔结构性质以及其对水中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附.结果表明,凹凸棒粘土磷酸改性后比表面积明显增大,具有明显的中孔分布;9 mol/L磷酸改性处理的凹凸棒粘土吸附能力最佳,在改性凹凸棒粘土加入量为20～30 g/L,水样pH=5条件下,废水中Pb(Ⅱ)的被吸附率接近99%.     

多胺改性PGMA-DAAM树脂的合成及对Pb2+的吸附性能

甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)与双丙酮丙烯酰胺(DAAM)发生共聚,生成一种含环氧基和DAAM亲水链节的PGMA-DAAM共聚物,再与三乙烯四胺反应,合成了一种多胺改性的PGMA-DAAM树脂(TETA-PGMA-DAAM)。树脂的结构经元素分析、红外光谱和热重分析进行表征。探讨了合成树脂对Pb2+的吸附性能,考察了吸附温度、pH、金属离子浓度等因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,树脂对Pb2+的吸附量随着温度的升高而略有增大,在pH约为4.7、温度为40℃和Pb2+平衡浓度为0.01299 mol/L时其最高吸附量可达到1.581 mmol/g。树脂对Pb2+的吸附符合Boyd模型,表现为液膜扩散控制,其扩散系数在30℃和35℃时分别为0.0131 min-1和0.0175 min-1。吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附式。吸附热力学参数ΔG,ΔH和ΔS分别为-3.912 kJ/mol(25℃)、2.058 kJ/mol和20.025 J/mol,表明吸附过程为自发进行的吸热过程。     

改性菌丝体对Ni2+的吸附特性研究

通过专利对菌丝体进行了改性。所制备的改性菌丝体对重金属离子具有良好的吸附效果。结果表明 ,其对Ni2 + 的吸附容量 6 3.2mg/g (初始水溶液中Ni2 + 浓度为 2 0 0mg/L) ,是甲壳素吸附剂的 3.3倍 (19.1mg/g) ,与壳聚糖吸附剂相比吸附容量提高了 135 % ,与D75 1与南开 15 2相比吸附容量非常接近。用 0 .5 %— 0 .2 %的解吸剂便可以完全解吸 ,能够重复使用达 6次以上。本文还研究了改性菌丝体对Ni2 + 的吸附过程中重要的影响因素 ,结果发现 ,在微碱性 (pH =8— 9)条件下 ,改性菌丝体可以把初始浓度高达 80 0mg/L的Ni2 + 溶液一次性降低到 17mg/L ,为改性菌丝体在工业废水处理中的应用奠定了良好的基础。     

改性稻草秸秆活性炭的制备及其对SO2的吸附

以稻草秸秆为原料,在N2氛围中制备活性炭。利用TG/DTG、Boehm滴定、BET比表面积测试、活性炭的工业分析对秸秆在200、300、400、500℃下制备的活性炭形态及其表面化学性质进行了表征。分别比较了原生秸秆、炭化秸秆、乙二胺基秸秆、乙二胺基炭化秸秆用于脱除SO2气体的吸附效果。结果表明：活性炭的炭化得率是随着温度升高而不断下降;随着炭化温度升高,活性炭的pH值、灰分也随之增加,挥发分含量则不断下降,活性炭表面的酸性官能团减少、碱性官能团增多;乙二胺基炭化秸秆的脱硫效果明显,饱和硫容达到了176.4 mg ·g-1。通过研究得出将改性稻草秸秆活性炭应用于烟气脱硫是可行的。     

铁盐改性砂制备及其吸附Zn~(2+)的性能研究

通过改变石英砂表面的物理化学性质,提高石英砂的吸附效率,考察其对废水中的Zn~(2+)去除效果.以石英砂为载体,分别用反复高温加热法和反复碱性沉积法制备了三氯化铁改性砂、硝酸铁改性砂,测定2种方法制备的铁盐改性砂的表面含铁量、铁盐的酸稳定性及比表面积,并比较2种铁盐改性砂对Zn~(2+)的吸附效果.结果表明,三氯化铁改性砂、硝酸铁改性砂的比表面积分别为2.468、4.247 m~2/g,比石英砂比表面积分别提高6.910、12.612倍;在pH为中性条件下,石英砂对Zn~(2+)去除率为43%左右,三氯化铁改性砂对Zn~(2+)去除率达到70%左右,硝酸铁改性砂对Zn~(2+)去除率达到85%左右,表明铁盐改性砂对Zn~(2+)去除能力比石英砂有很大提高;铁盐改性砂对Zn~(2+)的吸附有一定容量,表面的活性中心越多,吸附能力越大;铁盐改性砂对Zn~(2+)的去除率随着pH的升高而增加,当pH>8.5时,Zn~(2+)去除率可达90%左右.     

改性累托石对镉离子吸附性能的研究

将天然累托石进行处理制备改性累托石.在静态条件下,研究了改性累托石对重金属离子Cd2 的吸附容量、等温吸附等吸附性能,同时探讨了影响吸附的因素和吸附机理.结果表明,改性累托石对Cd2 的吸附容量高.在20℃,pH=5.0～7.0、Cd2 浓度0～100 mg/L范围内,按镉与改性累托石质量比为1∶20投加改性累托石进行处理,吸附时间为90min,Cd2 去除率可达96%以上,改性累托石对Cd2 的吸附在实验浓度范围内符合符合Freundlich方程.     

改性木屑对水中苯胺的动态吸附

采用β-环糊精对木屑改性用于吸附苯胺,通过固定床实验考察了吸附床高度（10~30 mm）、进水流速（2.7~8.1 mL·min-1）和苯胺初始浓度（50~200 mg·L-1）对穿透曲线的影响,同时使用BDST模型对吸附穿透曲线进行拟合。结果表明,改性木屑可以有效吸附苯胺,随着高度的增加,穿透时间延长,固定床对苯胺的去除率增大;随着苯胺进水流速和初始浓度的增加,穿透时间缩短,固定床对苯胺的去除率降低;BDST模型对穿透曲线的拟合效果较好（Ct/C0=0.7,R2=0.999 0）,随着运行时间的增加,固定床的吸附速率常数（Ka）变小,对苯胺的吸附量（N0）增大;当改变流速时,运用该模型能较准确的预测吸附固定床的操作时间。     

固定化改性蒙脱土对苯酚吸附性能的研究

利用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵对天然蒙脱土进行改性,并用聚乙烯醇对改性蒙脱土进行固定化处理,然后进行柱状吸附和振荡条件的吸附试验。研究结果表明,HDTMA改性蒙脱土固定化后能有效吸附苯酚,不同环境条件对苯酚的柱状吸附能力产生不同的影响。在pH4~8的范围内,固定化改性蒙脱土对苯酚的吸附效果无显著性差异,pH在10以上,其吸附能力明显下降;温度对吸附效果影响不大;进水苯酚浓度越高,改性蒙脱土对苯酚的吸附量越大,但出水苯酚浓度也高;苯酚的流速越小,吸附容量越高,吸附效果越好。     

Efficient removal of cadmium ions from water by adsorption on a magnetic carbon aerogel

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Carbon aerogels are attracting much attention as adsorbents due to their high specific surface and large accessible pores. Herein, we describe a...     

Removal of Pb2+ from aqueous solution by adsorption on chemically modified muskmelon peel

A cost-effective biosorbent was prepared by a green chemical modification process from muskmelon peel by saponification with alkaline solution of Ca(OH)₂. Its adsorption behavior for lead ions was investigated and found to exhibit excellent adsorption properties. Results showed that the optimal equilibrium pH range for 100 % adsorption is from 4 up to 6.4. Adsorption equilibrium was attained within 10 min. The adsorption process can be described well by Langmuir model and pseudo-second-order kinetics equation, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity for lead ions was found to be 0.81 mol/kg. Pectic acid contained in the muskmelon peel is the main factor responsible for the uptake of lead ions onto the gel, and the chemical modification process presented in this study can be assumed effective to prepare other similar biomaterials. The large adsorption capacity and the fast adsorption rate indicated that chemically saponified muskmelon peel gel in present study has great potential to be used as a cost-effective adsorbent for the removal of lead ions from the water.