俄罗斯从报废的计算技术器材中综合回收贵金属的方法(规范)(续一)

<正>(接上期)3报废品的拆解根据报废计算技术器材的型号、结构特点和配套确定拆解的顺序。通常,拆解过程应按照该报废品原组装过程反向实施。拆解阶段的主要作业顺序:拆解通用计算机(按计算机层次结构、计算机及其系统的标准结构和通用计算机拆解工艺)→拆解外围设备→拆解个人计算机、     

俄罗斯从报废的计算技术器材中综合回收贵金属的方法(规范)

俄罗斯国家电讯委员会根据政府会议纪要(ИК-П8-5)制定并批准实行的《从报废的计算技术器材中综合回收贵金属的方法》,旨在为不同所有制企业实施从报废的国产或进口计算机中综合回收贵金属提供规范的方法,对我国报废计算机回收利用方法的制定和实行具有重要的借鉴意义。     

我罗斯从报废的计算技术器材中综合回收贵金属的方法（规范）（续二）

(接上期) 3.3 个人计算机、工作台(站)和服务器的拆解 3.3.1 个人计算机、工作台(站)、服务器和信息计算系统的拆解工艺是统一的,因为他们的模块构成是标准的.这一构成包括系统部件和外围设备套件.     

俄罗斯从报废的计算技术器材中综合回收贵金属的方法(规范)(续二)

<正>(接上期)3.3个人计算机、工作台(站)和服务器的拆解3.3.1个人计算机、工作台(站)、服务器和信息计算系统的拆解工艺是统一的,因为他们的模块构成是标准     

国外电子废件的贵金属回收预处理(加工)工艺综述

现代电子工业技术发展日新月异,但这种发展是以电子产品的迅速折旧报废和其中的贵金属成分不断变化且用量逐步减少为条件的,而这些条件则向由电子废件中回收贵金属的技术提出了更高要求:发展能够在回收中确保贵金属损失最小(高回收率),成本更低且无环境污染的备料(预处理)与回收加工工艺.拟对国外主要加工商的电子废件预处理(加工)工艺作一介绍和评述.     

国务院法制办公室关于《国务院关于修改〈报废汽车回收管理办法〉的决定(征求意见稿)》公开征求意见

为进一步增强立法的公开性和透明度,提高立法质量,现将《国务院关于修改（报废汽车回收管理办法）的决定（征求意见稿）》（以下简称征求意见稿）及说明全文公布,向社会征求意见。有关单位和各界人士可以在2016年10月19日前,     

Recovery of precious metals from e-wastes through conventional and phytoremediation treatment methods: a review and prediction

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - E-waste, also known as waste from electrical and electronic equipment, is a solid waste that accumulates quickly due to high demand driven by the...     

A new strain for recovering precious metals from waste printed circuit boards

A new strain, Pseudomonas Chlororaphis (PC), was found for dissolving gold, silver, and copper from the metallic particles of crushed waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). The optimized conditions that greatly improved the ability of producing CN^? (for dissolving metals) were obtained. Dissolving experiments of pure gold, silver, and copper showed that the metals could be changed into Au⁺, Ag⁺, and Cu²⁺. PC cells and their secreta would adsorb metallic ions. Meanwhile, metallic ions destroyed the growth of PC. Dissolving experiments of metallic particles from crushed waste PCBs were performed by PC. The results indicated that 8.2% of the gold, 12.1% silver, and 52.3% copper were dissolved into solution. This paper contributed significance information to recovering precious metals from waste PCBs by bioleaching.     

Process development for recovery of copper and precious metals from waste printed circuit boards with emphasize on palladium and gold leaching and precipitation

A novel hydrometallurgical process was proposed for selective recovery of Cu, Ag, Au and Pd from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). More than 99% of copper content was dissolved by using two consecutive sulfuric acid leaching steps in the presence of H₂O₂ as oxidizing agents. The solid residue of 2nd leaching step was treated by acidic thiourea in the presence of ferric iron as oxidizing agent and 85.76% Au and 71.36% Ag dissolution was achieved. The precipitation of Au and Ag from acidic thiourea leachate was investigated by using different amounts of sodium borohydride (SBH) as a reducing agent. The leaching of Pd and remained gold from the solid reside of 3rd leaching step was performed in NaClO-HCl-H₂O₂ leaching system and the effect of different parameters was investigated. The leaching of Pd and specially Au increased by increasing the NaClO concentration up to 10 V% and any further increasing the NaClO concentration has a negligible effect. The leaching of Pd and Au increased by increasing the HCl concentration from 2.5 to 5 M. The leaching of Pd and Au were endothermic and raising the temperature had a positive effect on leaching efficiency. The kinetics of Pd leaching was quite fast and after 30 min complete leaching of Pd was achieved, while the leaching of Au need a longer contact time. The best conditions for leaching of Pd and Au in NaClO-HCl-H₂O₂ leaching system were determined to be 5 M HCl, 1 V% H₂O₂, 10 V% NaClO at 336 K for 3 h with a solid/liquid ratio of 1/10. 100% of Pd and Au of what was in the chloride leachate were precipitated by using 2 g/L SBH. Finally, a process flow sheet for the recovery of Cu, Ag, Au and Pd from PCB was proposed.     

Thermal and hydrometallurgical recovery methods of heavy metals from municipal solid waste fly ash

Heavy metals in fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators are present in high concentrations. Therefore fly ash must be treated as a hazardous material. On the other hand, it may be a potential source of heavy metals. Zinc, lead, cadmium, and copper can be relatively easily removed during the thermal treatment of fly ash, e.g. in the form of chlorides. In return, wet extraction methods could provide promising results for these elements including chromium and nickel. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare thermal and hydrometallurgical treatment of municipal solid waste fly ash. Thermal treatment of fly ash was performed in a rotary reactor at temperatures between 950 and 1050 °C and in a muffle oven at temperatures from 500 to 1200 °C. The removal more than 90% was reached by easy volatile heavy metals such as cadmium and lead and also by copper, however at higher temperature in the muffle oven. The alkaline (sodium hydroxide) and acid (sulphuric acid) leaching of the fly ash was carried out while the influence of temperature, time, concentration, and liquid/solid ratio were investigated. The combination of alkaline-acidic leaching enhanced the removal of, namely, zinc, chromium and nickel.     

Assessment of toxic metals in waste personal computers

Considering the enormous production of waste personal computers nowadays, it is obvious that the study of their composition is necessary in order to regulate their management and prevent any environmental contamination caused by their inappropriate disposal. This study aimed at determining the toxic metals content of motherboards (printed circuit boards), monitor glass and monitor plastic housing of two Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) monitors, three Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) monitors, one LCD touch screen monitor and six motherboards, all of which were discarded. In addition, concentrations of chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and mercury (Hg) were compared with the respective limits set by the RoHS 2002/95/EC Directive, that was recently renewed by the 2012/19/EU recast, in order to verify manufacturers’ compliance with the regulation. The research included disassembly, pulverization, digestion and chemical analyses of all the aforementioned devices. The toxic metals content of all samples was determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results demonstrated that concentrations of Pb in motherboards and funnel glass of devices with release dates before 2006, that is when the RoHS Directive came into force, exceeded the permissible limit. In general, except from Pb, higher metal concentrations were detected in motherboards in comparison with plastic housing and glass samples. Finally, the results of this work were encouraging, since concentrations of metals referred in the RoHS Directive were found in lower levels than the legislative limits.     

Comparison of methods for leaching heavy metals from composts

This paper presents the determination of total iron, copper, zinc, chromium, nickel, lead, cadmium and mercury contents in the compost obtained from sorted municipal organic solid waste applying the following methods of sample mineralization: 40% hydrofluoric acid with preliminary incineration of a sample, a mixture of concentrated nitric(V) and chloric(VII) acids with preliminary incineration of organic matter and a mixture of nitric(V) and chloric(VII) acids without sample incineration. The speciation analysis of Tessier was used to estimate the bioavailability of the metals. Elution degrees of the mobile forms of the metals from the compost with 10% nitric(V) acid and 1 mol/dm(3) hydrochloric acid were compared. The contents of the elements in the eluates were determined applying atomic absorption spectrometry.     

An overview of recovery of metals from slags

Various slags are produced as by-products in metallurgical processes or as residues in incineration processes. According to the origins and the characteristics, the main slags can be classified into three categories, namely ferrous slag, non-ferrous slag and incineration slag. This paper analysed and summarised the generation, characteristics and application of various slags, and discussed the potential effects of the slags on the environment. On this basis, a review of a number of methods for recovery of metals from the slags was made. It can be seen that a large amount of slags is produced each year. They usually contain a quantity of valuable metals except for blast furnace slag and they are actually a secondary resource of metals. By applying mineral processing technologies, such as crushing, grinding, magnetic separation, eddy current separation, flotation and so on, leaching or roasting, it is possible to recover metals such as Fe, Cr, Cu, Al, Pb, Zn, Co, Ni, Nb, Ta, Au, and Ag etc. from the slags. Recovery of metals from the slags and utilisation of the slags are important not only for saving metal resources, but also for protecting the environment.