Acid dyes removal using low cost adsorbents

Dyestuff production units and dyeing units have always had pressing need techniques that allow economical pre-treatment for colour in the effluent. The effectiveness of adsorption for dye removal from wastewaters has made it an ideal alternative to other expensive treatment options. Removal of acid green25 and acid red 183 from aqueous solution by different adsorbent such as shells of almond and hazelnut, and poplar and walnut sawdust were investigated. Equilibrium isotherms have been determined and analysed using the Freundlich equations. Parameters of Freundlich isotherm have been determined using adsorption data. Capacities of adsorbent follow as walnut > poplar > almond > hazelnut for AG25 and almond > walnut > poplar > hazelnut for AR183, respectively.     

常温下连续流短程硝化反硝化研究

常温(26～30℃)下应用连续流短程硝化反硝化工艺处理模拟城市生活污水,对连续流短程硝化反硝化污泥的运行参数进行了研究.结果表明,在常温、进水NH4 -N为50 mg/L、曝气区pH为7.5～8.0、曝气量为0.3 L/min、曝气区水力停留时间为4 h的条件下,NO2- -N/(NO3- -N NO2- -N)达0.677,TN去除率为35%左右;在上述条件下,无需调节曝气区pH,选择前置反硝化区与曝气区的体积比为1:2、前置反硝化区水力停留时间为2 h、回流比为2:1时,连续流短程硝化反硝化工艺的TN去除率达88.9%,COD去除率达92.7%;pH的变化规律正确反映了系统运行状况,可作为系统运行的实时控制参数.     

The utility of distributed air volume sets when sampling ambient air using solid adsorbents

Use of solid adsorbents for air sampling always raises questions of adequate retention, blank corrections and artifact formation. Universally valid answers to these questions are unavailable. Collection of a small set of data by sampling over a large range of air volume can provide situation-specific indications of data quality not possible with the more usual tandem bed approach. Further, it does so in a direct simple way that is especially useful in monitoring applications. The distributed air volume sampling approach is illustrated using Tenax as the adsorbent.     

废水吸附法除磷的研究进展

本文叙述了利用吸附原理进行废水除磷的研究进展。吸附法除磷的研究主要表现在吸附材料的研究方面 ,基于应用场合的差异 ,包括廉价的天然材料、工业废渣及其改性物、传统的活性氧化铝及其改性物、其他多孔物质及人工合成的高效吸附剂等。人工合成高效吸附剂由于磷吸附容量大 ,其相关研究成为近年来的重要发展方向     

等离子体催化脱氮的实验研究

研究了等离子体和催化剂共同作用下氮氧化物的脱除情况 ,催化剂采用分子筛Cu ZSM 5。实验证明 ,在有催化剂存在的条件下 ,等离子体反应器的脱氮效率有了很大的提高 ,同时电源功率、烟气成分、温度、添加剂也都是影响实验结果的重要因素。     

Oxidative decomposition of formaldehyde by metal oxides at room temperature

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is still a major indoor air pollutant in Japanese air-tight houses and is the subject of numerous complaints regarding health disorders. Authors have developed a passive-type air-cleaning material and an air cleaner using manganese oxide (77% MnO₂) as an active component and successfully reduced indoor HCHO concentrations in newly built multi-family houses. In this study, the reactivity between manganese oxide and HCHO was discussed. We tested the removal efficiencies of several metal oxides for HCHO in a static reaction vessel and found manganese oxide could react with HCHO and release carbon dioxide even at room temperature. The reactivity and mechanisms were discussed for the proposed chemical reactions. A mass balance study proved that a major product through the heterogeneous reaction between manganese oxide and HCHO was carbon dioxide. Harmful by-products (HCOOH and CO) were not found.     

Mercury removal from incineration flue gas by organic and inorganic adsorbents

Experiments were performed to investigate various adsorbents for their mercury removal capabilities from incineration flue gases. Four different materials were tested; Zeolite, Bentonite, activated carbon (AC), and wood char. Real incineration off-gas and in-lab simulated combustion flue gases (N2 + Hg) were used. Three cylindrical-shaped sorbent columns with 5 cm in diameter and 20 cm in length were used. The gas flow rate was fixed at 660 l/h at all times. Concentrations of NO, CO, O2, CO2, SO2, H2O, HCl, and mercury were continuously monitored. Mercury removal efficiencies of natural Zeolite and Bentonite were found to be much lower than those of the referenced AC. Amount of Hg removed were 9.2 and 7.4 microg/g of Zeolite and Bentonite, respectively. Removal efficiencies of each layer consisted of inorganic adsorbents were no higher than 7%. No significant improvement was observed with sulfur impregnation onto the inorganic adsorbents. Organic adsorbents (wood char and AC) showed much higher mercury removal efficiencies than those of inorganic ones (Zeolite and Bentonite). Mercury removal efficiency of wood char reached over 95% in the first layer, showing almost same effectiveness as AC which currently may be the most effective adsorbents for mercury. Amount of mercury captured by wood char was approximately 0.6 mg/g of wood char, close to the amount captured by AC tested in this study. Hence, wood char, made from the waste woods through a gasification process, should be considered as a possible alternative to relatively expensive AC.     

锆改性铝氧化物对水中磷的吸附特性

采用共沉淀法制备锆改性铝氧化物。在研究其对水中磷吸附特性的基础上,结合SEM-EDS、XRD、FTIR和XPS等表征手段,分析吸附剂的结构组成以及反应前后的表面基团变化,探讨吸附除磷的机理。结果表明：Power动力学模型和Langmuir等温线模型可以很好地描述锆改性铝氧化物对磷的吸附特征;在投加量为0.3 g·L-1、溶液pH为7时,磷的饱和吸附量为76.63 mg·g-1;pH=4~6时,吸附剂除磷效果较好,在偏碱性环境下,磷吸附量明显降低;Cl- 和SiO32-对磷的吸附有较强的抑制作用,且干扰效果随着阴离子浓度的升高而加强。通过材料表征结果可知,吸附剂呈无定型结构,表面含有丰富的羟基。该吸附剂的除磷机制主要为表面络合和离子交换作用。     

Adsorption performance and mechanisms of mercaptans removal from gasoline oil using core-shell AC-based adsorbents

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Sulfur compound detection such as mercaptans in liquid fuels is undesirable because sulfur is the main sourcing emission of sulfur oxide (SOx) into...     

不同载体负载氧化铜常温脱除H2S

通过沉淀法制备了纯CuO和3种CuO/SiO2、CuO/ZrO2和CuO/Al2O3负载型脱硫剂。利用固定床反应器进行了硫化氢吸附测试,并采用XRD、SEM、TEM、H2-TPR、比表面积和孔结构等表征技术对脱硫剂的结构进行了分析。结果表明,载体的存在明显提高了纯CuO脱硫剂的利用率和脱硫活性,其中以SiO2为载体制备的脱硫剂性能最佳,硫容达14.3%,是纯CuO硫容的2.6倍;分析认为SiO2抑制了CuO晶粒的形成,使得CuO/SiO2脱硫剂的比表面积明显增大,活性组分的结晶度较差,因而有利于脱硫反应的进行。     

Cu(II) removal using green adsorbents: kinetic modeling and plant scale-up design

Cu(II) adsorption in continuous column using green adsorbents like peanut and almond shell was investigated. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunaer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Point of Zero charge (pH_pzc) determination have been used for characterization of the adsorbents. Experiments were conducted at various operating conditions to calculate the adsorption capacity of the adsorbents. Adsorption studies signify that both the adsorbents have good adsorptive capacity for Cu(II) ion. Equilibrium of adsorption was described using Langmuir isotherm and the highest q_max value for both the adsorbent were obtained at an operating condition of 20 ml/min flow rate, 15 mg/L influent Cu(II) concentration, and 7 cm bed depth. Regeneration of both the adsorbents suggests that these adsorbents can be used several times for Cu(II) removal. Seven different kinetic models were tested among which the modified dose response model was fitted well for peanut shell and the Thomas model was fitted well for almond shell. These fitted models were further used for scale-up design. Regeneration studies show that peanut shell and almond shell are useful up to the fifth adsorption cycle. Application of these adsorbents with industrial effluent was also reported. This study reveals that peanut and almond shells can be used for Cu(II) removal for industrial wastewater.

     

Phosphate removal from wastewater using aluminium oxide as adsorbent

The development and manufacture of an adsorbent to remove phosphate for the prevention of eutrophication in lakes is very important. The use of aluminium oxide (alumina) as an organic adsorbent to remove phosphate from wastewater has been investigated. The characteristics of this absorption process were investigated to determine the important parameters, such as the pH and the aluminium ion concentration. Moreover, chemical treatment methods to enhance the adsorption capacity of alumina were tested. Dynamic studies and equilibrium adsorption isotherm studies were conducted to determine the adsorption capacity and efficiency. The experimental results indicate that it is necessary to increase the temperature above 500°C in order to obtain a high-capacity adsorbent, and alumina treated with acid or calcium or magnesium has a larger adsorption capacity for phosphate than untreated adsorbent. Moreover, the adsorption of phosphate was enhanced at a lower pH and a higher aluminium ion concentration, and a simple Freundlich isotherm could express the equilibrium adsorption isotherm, and the intragranular diffusion controlling model was used to test the dynamic studies. These findings have important implications for the application and development of aluminium oxide as a prospective adsorbent.     

活性炭纤维低温脱除模拟烟气中的VOC

采用H2O2浸渍的修饰方法对ACF进行化学改性,并利用氮吸附等温线和XPS（X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy）的方法对ACF样品进行表征。通过在反应床上开展吸附实验,由此测定改性前后ACF脱除VOC（甲苯作为VOC的代表物）的效果,同时考察氧气、温度、水蒸气等因素对ACF脱除甲苯的影响。研究发现,改性使得ACF样品比表面积和孔容略有降低,但表面含氧官能团含量增加,吸附甲苯的能力也因此增强。当模拟烟气中O2浓度为5%时,ACF脱除VOC效果达到最佳,超过5%之后,氧的促进效果不再明显;温度40℃为最佳吸附温度;当烟气中加入水蒸气时,ACF对VOC的脱除效率降低。     

聚合氯化铝混凝强化新生态铁锰复合氧化物吸附去除水中的磷

采用氧化-共沉淀法制备出新生态铁锰复合氧化物(FMBO),研究了单独投加FMBO和聚合氯化铝(PACl)强化FMBO吸附除磷效能及吸附磷后的颗粒物特性。结果表明,单独投加FMBO后形成的颗粒物表面带负电荷,颗粒物聚集和沉淀性能较差。PACl的投加降低了颗粒物的表面电荷,促进了颗粒物的聚集,平均粒径明显增加,改善了颗粒物的沉淀性能;通过SEM-EDAX发现,投加PACl形成的复合颗粒物表面更为粗糙,Al元素在复合颗粒物表面相对富集。PACl的投加强化了FMBO的吸附除磷效果,在实验原水条件下FMBO和PACl最佳投量分别为12和30 mg/L,此时TDP去除率高达95.6%。并且出水中Fe、Mn、Al浓度均远低于《地表水环境质量标准》中规定的限值。PACl强化新生态FMBO易于实现原位投加,在水体和水处理除磷工艺中具有较好的应用潜力。     

Simultaneous heavy metal removal mechanism by dead macrophytes

The use of dead, dried aquatic plants, for water removal of metals derived from industrial activities as a simple biosorbent material has been increasing in the last years. The mechanism of simultaneous metal removal (Cd2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+) by 3 macrophytes biomass (Spirodela intermedia, Lemna minor and Pistia stratiotes) was investigated. L. minor biomass presented the highest mean removal percentage and P. stratiotes the lowest for all metals tested. Pb2+ and Cd2+ were more efficiently removed by the three of them. The simultaneous metal sorption data were analysed according to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. Data fitted the Langmuir model only for Ni and Cd, but Freundlich isotherm for all metals tested, as it was expected. The K(F) values showed that Pb was the metal more efficiently removed from water solution. The adsorption process for the three species studied followed first order kinetics. The mechanism involved in biosorption resulted ion exchange between monovalent metals as counter ions present in the macrophytes biomass and heavy metal ions and protons taken up from water. No significant differences were observed in the metal exchange amounts while using multi-metal or individual metal solutions.     

啤酒废水常温厌氧消化启动及运行实验

采用自行设计的复合式厌氧反应器在常温下对啤酒废水进行了厌氧发酵产沼气的实验研究,将进水COD控制在5 000 mg/L左右,采取逐步缩短HRT的方法来提高进水有机负荷,结果表明,启动运行41 d之后,产气量上升速度加快,反应器成功启动运行;在稳定运行过程中,随着负荷的升高,产气量呈阶梯式渐次上升,COD去除率保持在90%以上,出水pH值维持在7.0左右,TSS去除率达到60%以上,出水水质较好,说明该反应器具有较好的厌氧消化处理有机废水的能力。     

Evaluating of arsenic(V) removal from water by weak-base anion exchange adsorbents

Arsenic contamination of groundwater has been called the largest mass poisoning calamity in human history and creates severe health problems. The effective adsorbents are imperative in response to the widespread removal of toxic arsenic exposure through drinking water. Evaluation of arsenic(V) removal from water by weak-base anion exchange adsorbents was studied in this paper, aiming at the determination of the effects of pH, competing anions, and feed flow rates to improvement on remediation. Two types of weak-base adsorbents were used to evaluate arsenic(V) removal efficiency both in batch and column approaches. Anion selectivity was determined by both adsorbents in batch method as equilibrium As(V) adsorption capacities. Column studies were performed in fixed-bed experiments using both adsorbent packed columns, and kinetic performance was dependent on the feed flow rate and competing anions. The weak-base adsorbents clarified that these are selective to arsenic(V) over competition of chloride, nitrate, and sulfate anions. The solution pH played an important role in arsenic(V) removal, and a higher pH can cause lower adsorption capacities. A low concentration level of arsenic(V) was also removed by these adsorbents even at a high flow rate of 250–350 h^?1. Adsorbed arsenic(V) was quantitatively eluted with 1 M HCl acid and regenerated into hydrochloride form simultaneously for the next adsorption operation after rinsing with water. The weak-base anion exchange adsorbents are to be an effective means to remove arsenic(V) from drinking water. The fast adsorption rate and the excellent adsorption capacity in the neutral pH range will render this removal technique attractive in practical use in chemical industry.     

纳米四氧化三铁作为助凝剂去除水中藻类

在实验室内对使用纳米四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)和纳米γ-三氧化二铁(γ-Fe2O3)作为聚合氯化铝(PACl)的助凝剂去除水体中铜绿微囊藻的效果进行了研究.结果表明,以纳米Fe3O4或纳米γ-Fe2O3为助凝剂,能够降低PACl的投加量,提高沉降速率,进而缩短沉降时间,且对铜绿微囊藻的去除效果明显优于单独使用PACl.在藻浓度为106个/mL的条件下,为了达到相同的除藻效果,单独使用PACl的投量要比同时投加纳米Fe3O4或纳米γ-Fe2O3时多出1倍左右;在不加磁场条件下,要达到同样的处理效果,用纳米Fe3O4或纳米γ-Fe2O3做助凝剂比单独投加PACl节约一半以上的时间;而在加磁场的条件下,用纳米Fe3O4或纳米γ-Fe2O3做助凝剂甚至只需要10 min就能达到比单独投加PACl沉降60 min更高的处理效率.该方法对不同浓度级的铜绿微囊藻都有较好的去除效果,具有一定的实际应用价值.     

海藻酸钠-聚氧化乙烯凝胶球去除废水中重金属离子的研究

研究了海藻酸钠浓度及固化时间对海藻酸钠-聚氧化乙烯(SA-PEO)凝胶球性能的影响以及采用SA-PEO凝胶球对溶液中3种重金属离子(Pb2 ,Cu2 、Cd2 )进行吸附实验的研究.结果表明,2.0%(质量分数)的SA溶液制成的凝胶球性能较好,固化时间对重金属去除率影响较小,但随着固化时间的增加,SA-PEO凝胶球的直径逐渐缩小,紧密程度和机械强度逐渐增加;在重金属离子溶液pH为4～6时,SA-PEO凝胶球对重金属离子去除率较高;SA-PEO凝胶球对不同重金属离子吸附效果为pb2 >Cu2 >Cd2 ;多种重金属离子共存使得SA-PEO凝胶球对Pb2 和Cd2 的吸附受一定程度的抑制,而对Cu2 吸附能力有所增强,说明SA-PEO凝胶球对重金属离子吸附有选择性;1.00 mol/L的HCl溶液对Pb2 的解吸效果较好,解吸再生后的SA-PEO凝胶球可以重复利用.