城市空气质量周报效用分析

介绍了世界上一些发达国家的空气污染预报的做法和采取的措施,阐述了我国开展空气质量预报的方针和方法,指出了周报是预报的基础工作。叙述了我国空气质量周报的污染参数的选取、污染指数的分级及其浓度限值和污染指数计算及确定,分析并总结了开展城市空气质量周报所发挥的效用是提高公众的环保意识,加大了治理污染的力度,转变了环境监测的职能,促进了环境监测事业的发展     

污泥处理与处置技术研究进展

本文综述了污泥处理与处置技术的现状,总结了该领域内新技术的应用,展望了污泥处理与处置技术的发展趋势,并提出了相关建议。     

公布空气质量报告 市民更加关注环境

南京市环境监测中心站在全国率先开展空气质量周报,之后又开展了空气质量日报,向市民公布空气质量状况,使环境监测成果走向社会,服务于百姓,增强了全社会的环境保护意识,提高了市民关心环境,保护环境的自觉性,并推动了空气污染防治工作,促进了环境监测工作,体现了     

中国环境噪声污染防治现状及建议

分析了中国环境噪声污染防治状况及变化趋势,归纳总结了"十一五"以来环境噪声污染防治的重要举措。论述了环境噪声污染防治监督管理工作现状及面临的问题,并提出了相应的对策建议,为进一步做好环境噪声污染防治工作提供了支持。     

水华蓝藻复苏的研究进展与水华预测

综合分析了当前国内外水华复苏的研究进展,确定了水华蓝藻复苏的定义,介绍了研究蓝藻复苏的方法,以及蓝藻复苏对水体中蓝藻种群生物量以及当年蓝藻水华形成的贡献,探索了驱动水华蓝藻复苏的环境因子。结合太湖的研究成果,阐述了研究水华蓝藻复苏在进行水华预测中的重要作用,并展望了未来研究的重点。     

连云港市水质自动监测系统预警体系的建立

设计了一套完整的水质自动监测系统预警体系。建立了完整的组织机构和预警模式,明确了人员分工和污染事故判定,并介绍了各项应急处置措施。使系统能在良好的运行状态下,及时监控到污染的发生,取得了良好的预警效果。     

促进环境监测质量保证的有效开展

本文阐述了环境监测工作质量保证的概念,指出了我国环境监测质量保证存在的问题,最后对促进环境监测质量保证工作提出了几点建议。     

氨氮测定中几个问题的探讨

针对纳氏比色法测定氨氮过程中存在的问题,提出了相应的解决办法。消除了混浊和显色前后稀释问题,降低了空白吸光度,提高了测定的准确度。     

应用贴近度进行乌鲁木齐市地面水和大气环境现状评价的尝试

本文应用模糊数学中贴近度的概念对乌鲁木齐市的地面水和大气环境质量进行了综合评价的尝试,较详细地介绍了该法计算步骤,最后得出的评价结果与指数法的评价结果进行了比较,讨论了几种评价方法的优缺点。     

“新环保法”对环境监测职责定位的研究思考

研究了新修订的《中华人民共和国环境保护法》,深入思考了法定环境监测的定义范畴、属性定位、统一监督管理的新内涵和新要求,分析了监管主体职责、行为主体定位,梳理了环境监测的任务和面临的问题,提出了环境监测监督管理需要深入研究的重点领域和方向。     

典型电子垃圾拆解区大气颗粒物中元素污染的季节变化特征

分别在典型电子垃圾拆解区(E)和其参考区(S)采集了大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)样品,利用等离子体电感耦合质谱(ICP-MS)检测了13种元素。结果表明,E地区大气TSP中各元素含量均高于对照区,特别是污染元素Zn、Cu、Cd、Sn和Pb。E地区和S地区TSP中元素质量浓度的季节变化趋势相似,TSP中地壳元素质量浓度夏季高于冬季,而污染元素冬季高于夏季。E地区和S地区TSP中Cu、Zn、Sn和Pb的富集因子(EF)100,E地区EF值高于对照区,说明这些元素主要来源于电子垃圾处理过程;而Mg、K、Ca、Ti、V、Mn、Fe、Co和Cd的EF值为1~10,说明元素主要为自然来源。     

城市大气环境中醛酮类化合物污染状况及变化规律

2003年对郑州市城市环境空气中醛酮类化合物的污染状况及变化规律进行了初步调查研究.结果表明:大气环境中醛酮类污染物的质量浓度范围为未检出～167 μg/m3,主要污染物为甲醛、乙醛和丙酮;醛酮类污染物含量在不同季节的变化趋势是:夏季>春季>冬季;醛酮类污染物主要来源于大气中有机物的光化学反应,甲醛与乙醛、甲醛与丙酮有...     

Applying a Large,Statewide Database to the Assessment,Stressor Diagnosis,and Restoration of Stream Fish Communities

In this report, predictions of the species that were expected to occur at stream sites were generated and probable stressors to fish species that were predicted to occur but were absent were diagnosed. Predictions were generated based on the hierarchical screening method of Smith and Powell (1971, Am. Mus. Novit. 2458, 1–30), using fish abundance in conjunction with 25 environmental variables at 895 sites. The sites were sampled throughout Maryland and represent the entire range of environmental quality from severely degraded to minimally degraded. Stressor variable values that exceeded tolerance thresholds for species that were expected to occur, but were absent, were considered to be probable stressors. This method was tested for efficacy in stream site assessments and stressor diagnosis using an independent data set. Sites that were classified as degraded according to the IBI and to non-biological criteria had fewer predicted species present compared to minimally influenced sites, indicating that the proportion of predicted species present accurately represents the biological integrity of a stream site. The nine stressors that were applied to the test data set accounted for species absences in 43.7% of degraded sites. Impervious land cover was the most common stressor identified. In addition to assessing stream biological integrity and identifying stressors to fish species, this approach also provides tolerance thresholds for predicted fish species that are useful endpoints necessary to plan effective restoration of fish species in Maryland.     

北京公园水体中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的测定及其分布特征

为了正确评估北京市公园水体受PAEs污染的程度,采集了北京11个公园湖水的水样,采用固相萃取-气相色谱联用技术检测了其中六种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质(PAEs)的含量,该方法加标回收率在73%～89.3%,RSD为5.9%～18.1%,检出限在0.40～4.58mg/L。实验结果为北京公园水体中总PAEs浓度在6.4～138.1μg/L,平均值为27.9μg/L,证明北京公园水体受到不同程度的PAEs污染,主要的污染物为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)和邻苯二甲酸双(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP),其中东南部以及西北部的公园污染较严重。分析了PAEs在公园湖水底泥中和水体中的分布特征,结果显示,PAEs在湖水底泥中的含量明显大于在水体中的含量。     

Interspecific and Locational Differences in Heavy Metal Levels in Four Species of Birds Near Sydney, Australia

We examined the levels of cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury, and selenium in four species of birds near Sydney, New South Wales, Australia in January, 1996. Molted contour feathers were collected from silver gull, Larus novaehollandiae (Royal National Park and downtown Sydney), sulphur-crested cockatoo, Cacatua sulphurea (Blue Mountains, Royal National Park, and Sydney), Australian white ibis, Threskiornis molucca (Sydney), and rock dove Columba livia (Royal National Park and Sydney). We tested the null hypothesis that there were no species or locational differences in metal levels. There were significant species differences in all metals, with rock doves having the highest levels of cadmium, chromium, lead, and manganese, and silver gulls having the highest levels of mercury and selenium. Metal levels were generally low in cockatoos, and were lowest in those from the Royal National Park. For silver gulls, cadmium, lead, and chromium levels were highest at Sydney, and there were no locational differences in manganese, mercury, and selenium levels. For rock doves, cadmium, chromium and manganese were higher in Sydney, and there were no locational differences in lead, mercury, and selenium. Overall, cadmium and chromium levels were significantly higher in Sydney than in the Royal National Park for all species, and there were no locational differences in mercury levels. Although the levels of most metals in feathers from these Australian birds were within the ranges reported worldwide, lead levels in ibises and rock doves were among the highest reported worldwide, suggesting a cause for concern.     

基于SOA和O3生成潜势的上海市VOCs优控物种研究

为评估上海市挥发性有机物(VOCs)对二次有机气溶胶(SOA)和臭氧生成潜势的贡献,采用SUMMA罐采样实验室GC-FID/MS分析方法开展了环境空气104种臭氧前体物和TO-15组分分析,采用DNPH吸附管采样实验室HPLC高效液相色谱法开展了环境空气13种醛酮类组分分析。结果表明:2018年8-11月上海市代表点位VOCs摩尔分数均值范围为20. 61~50. 38 nmol/mol,臭氧生成潜势(OFP)均值范围为60. 55~184. 12μg/m^3,二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(AFP)为21. 63~61. 72μg/m^3。醛酮类和芳香烃类是OFP的主要贡献因子,贡献占比分别为31. 5%~55. 2%和21. 6%~37. 8%。芳香烃类对AFP贡献超过90%。从主要组分构成来看,城区人口密集区点位乙烷、丙烷浓度最高,其他点位甲醛浓度最高;甲醛对OFP贡献最大;间/对二甲苯在浦东书院点位AFP贡献最大,其他点位为甲苯。OFP和AFP双控物种各点位均有4~5个主要物种,以芳香烃类为主。     

Habitat Conditions and Correlations of Sediment Quality Triad Indicators in Delaware Bay

This paper summarizes sampling results from NOAA's National Status and Trends (NS&T) Program for marine environmental quality in Delaware Bay. A stratified-random design was used to determine the spatial extent of sediment contamination and toxicity in Delaware Bay from offshore stations in the coastal zone, the lower estuary, the upper estuary, the fresh/salt mixing zone, and tidal fresh areas. Sediment samples were taken for chemical analyses of major classes of environmental contaminants, a suite of toxicity bioassays, and benthic macrofaunal community assessment to identify patterns of resident species. The tidal-fresh areas and portions of the mixing zone of the study area were heavily contaminated. Contaminant concentrations were frequently above the 90th percentile of EMAP Virginian Province levels. PAHs in the sediment were higher than previously documented, with a major component of PAHs being pyrogenic in origin. Bioassay results were highly variable. Toxicity and contaminant levels were correlated when aggregated into indices, but were only marginally correlated with benthic community impacts. High and low abundance stations were found in all zones. Most of the tidal fresh stations were dominated by pollution tolerant species. Species diversity and abundance were generally lowest in the fresh/salt mixing zone.     

京杭运河江苏段底栖动物群落结构调查

通过2018年5月在京杭运河江苏段布设23个采样点调查底栖动物群落结构和生境状况,并用Shannon-Wie-ner多样性指数评价底栖动物多样性,用聚类法分析采样点底栖动物群落结构相似性,用ANOSIM分析检验聚类组差异性,用SIMPER对聚类组作主要特征物种分析.结果显示:23个采样点共采集底栖动物42种,其中甲壳纲...     

降水中有机物的分析与研究

用气相色谱 -质谱联用的方法分析雨水中的有机物 ,在 4月份采集的 5个样品中 ,共分离鉴定出 15 8种有机化合物并对检出的有机化合物进行研究     

有机锡化合物的性质、环境污染来源及测定方法

综述了有机锡化合物的性质 ,并对此类化合物在PVC稳定剂、木材防腐剂、农药、防腐涂料和杀螺贝剂等方面的应用作了简介 ,从而指出其主要的环境污染来源。对环境中有机锡化合物的测定方法作了简单评价。