Automated diagnosis of malfunctions based on object orientated programming

The diagnostic event analyser (DEA) is a system for automated diagnosis of malfunction in continuous processes. DEA interprets real-time sequences of abnormal events such as measurements out of normal ranges and violation of quantitative algebraic constraints. DEA can be used to supplement an existing alarm system, providing a higher-level interpretation of patterns of abnormal events for the process operator. To use DEA, the user must supply only standard ‘form’ inputs of the root causes and relationships between abnormal events. DEA is implemented using object- oriented programming, a technique which allows general rules and procedures to be applied to process-specific objects. This architecture facilities treatment of multiple malfunctions and robustness to variation in event sequences.     

选矿厂细碎系统自动喷雾抑尘技术的研究

介绍一种自动控制喷雾抑尘技术,该技术在某选矿厂破碎和转载运输中应用表明具有较好的抑尘效果。     

城市防空和灾情报警防御系统研究

近年来,城市防空和灾情报警防御系统作为一种重要的城市防御灾情措施,特别是应对各种恐怖破坏活动和地域灾害的突然发生,以及未来战争的防御需求等灾情,已受到人们高度重视.笔者针对我国城市防空和灾情报警防御系统的实际现状,提出了我国城市防空和灾情报警防御系统的建设初步思想,并从系统的组织结构、功能原理、救援组织等几方面进行了描述,对提高城市的防御能力、避免灾难的发生,具有重要的指导作用.     

A risk-based approach to design warning system for processing facilities

Alarm flooding is a major safety issue in today's processing facilities. Important recommendations are available for alarm management; however, they are often violated in practice, especially in the alarm systems implemented through the distributed control system. An effective process alarm prioritization and management system is desired for a safe and effective operation of a process facility.In present work, authors address two main issues related to an alarm system – the reliability and the prioritization of the alarms. The main objective is to deal with the alarm-flooding problem in process facilities. A multi alert voting system based on sensor redundancy approach is proposed to improve the reliability. A quantitative risk-based alarm management approach is proposed to address the flooding issue. In the risk-based approach, an integrated model consisting of the probability (P), the impact (I) of the potential hazards, and the process safety time is proposed to prioritize these raised alarms.The proposed approach is further explained by a reactor system with pressure and temperature variable monitoring and controls, where the hazards associated with two alerts caused by over high pressure and over high temperature are analyzed and integrated with response time for alarms generation and prioritization.     

南京市水质自动监测系统质控管理体系研究

通过对水质自动监测系统管理体系和质量控制等方面的研究,确保南京市水质自动监测站的稳定运行,监测数据的准确、有效、可比,充分发挥水站的实时监测、预警监控作用。     

管道内火焰加速的模型及其应用

建立了一端密闭、一端敞开且点火源位于密闭端时管道内火焰加速的一个简单模型,其解与试验结果一致。文章还探讨了将其应用于管道自动抑爆系统的可能性。     

L型房间单元人员疏散探讨

建筑物发生火灾以后,是否会造成人员伤亡主要看人员能否成功地疏散出危险区域.笔者主要讨论了一种常见的建筑物结构形式:L型房间结构单元.根据其不同阶段的疏散特点,提出了\"距离控制疏散\"和\"瓶颈控制疏散\"阶段人员疏散的不同方式.在\"距离控制疏散\"阶段,应用网格分析方法来研究人员疏散规律;在\"瓶颈控制疏散\"阶段,采用了群集疏散理论建立了人员疏散模型.应用建立的疏散模型及经验公式对特定建筑物人员疏散进行了模拟,其结果表明,建立的模型模拟的结果比较准确地反映了实际疏散情况.该研究成果对指导建筑物的疏散设计和建筑火灾等紧急情况下的安全疏散,具有一定的理论指导作用和实际应用价值.     

某袋式除尘系统的自动控制

根据生产工艺的具体要求,结合现场实际情况,研制出WAKGQ-DY型袋式除尘器及其控制系统,本文详细介绍了控制系统的组成及其主要性能。运行表明,取得了很好的效果。     

基于PSTN网的火灾安全区域网络监控系统

随着自动电子消防报警系统的广泛使用,将现行的消防电子报警作为子系统,对其运行状况的自动统一监控和管理变得愈来愈重要。针对这种情况,笔者提出了构建区域火灾网络监控系统的新思路。即以ＰＳＴＮ（公用交换电话网）为信息传输途径,利用计算机及ＭＯＤＥＭ 卡,配合自动检测软件和通信接口技术与方法, 实现自动电子消防报警系统运行状况的监控和自动接收系统报警信号。该系统的实现,将大大提高现行消防电子报警系统的管理水平,降低火灾给人类造成的危害     

大型脉冲袋式除尘器的自动控制

对大型脉冲袋式除尘器自动控制的有关问题作了研讨。研制成功了以中型可编程控制器为主机的“BMC-V型大型脉冲袋式除尘器电脑控制系统”,实际运行效果良好。     

特大断面公路隧道线型感温火灾探测系统适用性研究

随着我国公路交通量日益增多,大断面、特大断面公路隧道不断涌现,可靠、有效的隧道火灾探测越来越重要。选取了6种典型的隧道断面,综合考虑探测器类型、纵向风速、火源功率、火源位置等因素,运用火灾动力学模拟软件FDS分析了系列火灾场景下温度、烟气分布、探测器报警时间、报警位置偏移量等特性。研究结果表明: 隧道断面尺寸、纵向风速越大,感温探测器报警时间越长。通过对顶棚烟气温度的分析,发现特大断面隧道中线型感温探测系统采用差温报警较定温报警更有效。在使用差温报警时,纵向通风会使报警位置发生偏移,报警位置偏移量d与隧道纵向风速v、火源到隧道顶棚距离Hd满足线性关系式:d=6.404v+0.923Hd-6.762。随着隧道断面尺寸的增大,需要敷设更多的感温光纤以在规定时间(60 s)内探测到火灾。对于高度H≥12 m的隧道,即使增设多条感温光纤,也无法在60 s内有效报警,需补充设置基于火焰和烟气特征的非接触式火灾探测器。     

二氧化碳灭火系统扑灭汽车发动机舱内火灾试验研究

本文使用二氧化碳灭火系统进行了汽车发动机舱火灾灭火试验,试验表明:系统采用闭式洒水喷头自动启动时,在风的作用下,火羽向风的下游偏移,可能导致下游的喷头启动,不能有效灭火.系统手动启动时,在发动机舱内部安装4个或者8个开式喷头,均能迅速扑灭汽车发动机舱火灾,且具有灭火时间短,灭火剂用量少,灭火效果好的特点.     

自动等速采样仪控制系统设计

介绍了基于静压平衡法实现自动等速采样的原理，利用最新传感器感测技术、电子 器件以及控制技术实现烟道或排尘管道粉尘采样用自动等速采样仪控制系统的设计。     

Effects of naturalistic cell phone conversations on driving performance

PROBLEM: The prevalence of automobile drivers talking on cell phones is growing, but the effect of that behavior on driving performance is unclear. Also unclear is the relationship between the difficulty level of a phone conversation and the resulting distraction. METHOD: This study used a driving simulator to determine the effect that easy and difficult cell phone conversations have on driving performance. RESULTS: Cell phone use caused participants to have higher variation in accelerator pedal position, drive more slowly with more variation in speed, and report a higher level of workload regardless of conversation difficulty level. CONCLUSIONS: Drivers may cope with the additional stress of phone conversations by enduring higher workloads or setting reduced performance goals. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Because an increasing number of people talk on the phone while driving, crashes caused by distracted drivers using cell phones will cause disruptions in business, as well as injury, disability, and permanent loss of personnel.     

石油化工生产中使用可燃性气体检测报警仪表若干问题的探讨

介绍了可燃性气体检测的基本原理、检测探头应具备的抗干扰能力，并探讨了探头的布点方法和注意事项、仪表的标定及报警点设置、管理维护等问题。