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A market has emerged for carbon sequestered through reforestation. The opportunity to restore ecosystems through this market rather than establish plantations is demonstrated by an Australian case study. In the state of Queensland there are vast areas that have been cleared relatively recently and could be restored to ecosystems with high resilience and important biodiversity values with appropriate management. In order to foster opportunities for carbon accumulation through ecosystem recovery spatially explicit information on sequestration rates, management recommendations, and clear definitions of ancillary biodiversity benefits need to be defined. 相似文献
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Jitong Wang Huichao Chen Huanhuan Zhou Xiaojun Liu Wenming Qiao Donghui Long Licheng Ling 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(1):124-132
A high efficiency sorbent for CO2 capture was developed by loading polyethylenimine (PEI) on mesoporous carbons which possessed well-developed mesoporous structures and large pore volume. The physicochemical properties of the sorbent were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TG) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques followed by testing for CO2 capture. Factors that affected the sorption capacity of the sorbent were studied. The sorbent exhibited extraordinary capture capacity with CO2 concentration ranging from 5% to 80%. The optimal PEI loading was determined to be 65 wt.% with a CO2 sorption capacity of 4.82 mmol-CO2 /g-sorbent in 15% CO2 /N2 at 75°C, owing to low mass-transfer resistance and a high utilization ratio of the amine compound (63%). Moisture had a promoting effect on the sorption separation of CO2 . In addition, the developed sorbent could be regenerated easily at 100°C, and it exhibited excellent regenerability and stability. These results indicate that this PEI-loaded mesoporous carbon sorbent should have a good potential for CO2 capture in the future. 相似文献
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Anne B. Willems Cara A. AugustenborgSimone Hepp Gary LaniganTamara Hochstrasser Claudia Kammann Christoph Müller 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2011,144(1):347-351
Grassland re-seeding or land-use change requires ploughing, which may enhance carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from soil. This study observed the short to intermediate-term (37 days) effects of ploughing on CO2 emissions from poorly drained grassland using automated soil respiration chambers. Immediately after ploughing, a brief peak in CO2 emissions from soil occurred with a maximum observed flux of 6.91 g CO2 m−2 h−1. Contradictory to other reported results, ecosystem respiration after ploughing was lower on the ploughed than on the grass site. After including estimates of photosynthesis in the analysis, ploughing led to significantly higher net CO2 emissions than from grassland. The main mechanism of C loss during ploughing was most likely due to a reduction in gross primary production rather than enhanced soil respiration. 相似文献
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CarbondioxidereleaseduetochangeinlanduseinChinamainlandWangXiaoke;ZhuangYahui;FengZongwei(ResearchCenterforEco-EnvironmentalS... 相似文献
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The Al-pillared montmorillonite-supported alkaline earth metal 5M/Al-PILC(PILC = pillared clay, M = Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) and x Mg/Al-PILC( x = 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt.%) samples were prepared using an impregnation method. Physical properties of the materials were determined by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD) and N2 adsorption-desorption, and their CO2 adsorption behaviors were investigated using the thermogravimetric analyzer(TG), CO2 temperatureprogrammed desorption(CO... 相似文献
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纳米材料因其较大的比表面积以及较强的反应活性,对砷(As)的环境行为具有一定的调控作用,而这可能对微藻As吸收代谢产生潜在的影响。以模式生物莱茵衣藻(
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基于火电行业典型样本的脱硝成本,以调整排污征收标准使得企业得到相对收入,即未脱硝排污费大于脱硝后总支出为判别标准,得出NOx排污征收标准最低值应为1.2元/0.95kg,最终需达到4.0元/0.95kg以上,当征收标准为1.2~10.0元/0.95kg时脱硝总支出占单位电量收入为0.5%~5.0%.根据情景分析,“十二五”征收标准为1.2元/0.95kg时5a总排污费达3.4~4.4亿元,如作为推动企业脱硝建设补贴资金来源,则可补贴额度为23~30元/kW,占实际建设支出的23.1%~30.6%,单位电量总支出占单位电量收入比例为1.5%~1.6%.“十三五”NOx排污征收标准调整为2.4元/0.95kg时5a总排污费为2.9~4.4亿元,可作为NOx超量削减奖励资金,发挥经济杠杆作用,挖掘脱硝设施减排潜力. 相似文献
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Xuan Jia Hai Yan Zijing Wang Huanju He Qianqian Xu Haiou Wang Chunhua Yin Liqin Liu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2011,5(3):402-408
A promising microalgal strain isolated from fresh water, which can grow both autotrophically on inorganic carbon under lighting
and heterotrophically on organic carbon without lighting, was identified as Chlorella sp. USTB-01 with the phylogenetic analysis based on 18S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene sequences. In the heterotrophic
batch culture, more than 20.0 g·L−1 of cell dry weight concentration (DWC) of Chlorella sp. USTB-01 was obtained at day 5, and which was used directly to seed the autotrophic culture. A novel fermentor-helical
combined photobioreactor was established and used to cultivate Chlorella sp. USTB-01 for the fixation of carbon dioxide (CO2). It showed that the autotrophic growth of Chlorella sp. USTB-01 in the combined photobioreactor was more effective than that in the fermentor alone and the maximum DWC of 2.5
g·L−1 was obtained at day 6. The highest CO2 fixation of 95% appeared on day 1 in the exponential growth phases of Chlorella sp. USTB-01 and 49.8% protein was found in the harvested microalgal cells. 相似文献
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In order to understand its response towards nickel stress,watercress(Nasturtium officinale R.Br.) was exposed to nickel(1-25 mg/L) for 1,3,5 and 7 days.The accumulation and translocation of nickel were determined and the influence of nickel on biomass,protein content and enzymatic antioxidants was examined for both roots and leaves.It was determined that N.officinale could accumulate appreciable amounts of Ni in both roots and leaves.Nickel accumulated particularly in the roots of plants.Biomass increased at low nickel concentrations but certain measurable change was not found at high concentrations.Under stress conditions the antioxidant enzymes were up-regulated compared to control.An increase in protein content and enzyme activities was observed at moderate exposure conditions followed by a decline at both roots and leaves.The maximum enzyme activities were observed at different exposure conditions.Our results showed that N.officinale had the capacity to overcome nickel-induced stress especially at moderate nickel exposure.Therefore,N.officinale may be used as a phytoremediator in moderately polluted aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
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Flowers adapted for hummingbird pollination are typically red. This correlation is usually explained by the assertion that
nectar- or pollen-stealing bees are “blind” to red flowers. However, laboratory studies have shown that bees are capable of
locating artificial red flowers and often show no innate preference for blue over red. We hypothesised that these findings
might be artefacts of the simplified laboratory environment. Using bumblebees (Bombus impatiens) that had been trained to visit red and blue artificial flowers, we tested whether colour preference was influenced by complexity
of the background on which they were foraging. Many bees were indifferent to flower colour when tested using a uniform green
background like those commonly used in laboratory studies, but all bees showed strong colour preferences (usually for blue)
when flowers were presented against a photograph of real foliage. Overall, preference for blue flowers was significantly greater
on the more realistic, complex background. These results support the notion that the red of “hummingbird syndrome” flowers
can function to reduce bee visits despite the ability of bees to detect red and highlight the need to consider context when
drawing inferences about pollinator preferences from laboratory data.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
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《Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics》1991,25(11):2521-2530
SO2 oxidation in the presence of NH3 was studied in a mixing-type continuous-flow cloud chamber. NaCl and soot particles (∼5–15 μ m−3) were used as cloud condensation nuclei. Cloud liquid water content was varied between 0.2 and 3 g m−3. SO2 and NH3 concentrations were 0.6 and 1.1 ppm, respectively. The contact time between the SO2 and the cloud drops was varied from 8 s to 3 min. Up to 80% of the input SO2 can be oxidized within short contact times in the presence of NH3 and when the water is in the condensed cloud-drop phase. Negligible sulfate formation was observed in the absence of the liquid phase regardless of the presence or absence of NH3. No significant dependence of the oxidation on the cloud condensation nuclei type nor the contact time was found. This in-cloud SO2 oxidation is much faster than predicted by S(IV) oxidation by molecular oxygen measured in bulk solutions. 相似文献
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脉冲放电粒子荷电机理的研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
脉冲电晕放电在脉冲期间产生大量的高能电子,形成粒子在电场中的电子荷电.依据粒子附近的电子密度Boltzman分布和电子在粒子表面传输的速率方程,在电子的动能大于或等于粒子表面势垒能的边界条件基础上得到粒子在脉冲电晕场中粒子荷电的速率方程,并利用龙格库塔法求解荷电速率方程得到粒子在脉冲放电条件下的荷电量.计算结果表明脉冲放电下的粒子荷电量平均是直流电晕放电的离子荷电量的18倍,最大荷电量是05—15μm范围内的粒子,荷电量是直流电晕的26倍.这一结果不仅与David的粒子自由电子荷电理论结果相似,而且与微细粒子电子荷电量测试结果基本一致. 相似文献
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In order to understand its response towards nickel stress, watercress (Nasturtium o cinale R. Br.) was exposed to nickel (1–25 mg/L)
for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. The accumulation and translocation of nickel were determined and the influence of nickel on biomass, protein
content and enzymatic antioxidants was examined for both roots and leaves. It was determined that N. o cinale could accumulate
appreciable amounts of Ni in both roots and leaves. Nickel accumulated particularly in the roots of plants. Biomass increased at low
nickel concentrations but certain measurable change was not found at high concentrations. Under stress conditions the antioxidant
enzymes were up-regulated compared to control. An increase in protein content and enzyme activities was observed at moderate
exposure conditions followed by a decline at both roots and leaves. The maximum enzyme activities were observed at di erent exposure
conditions. Our results showed that N. o cinale had the capacity to overcome nickel-induced stress especially at moderate nickel
exposure. Therefore, N. o cinale may be used as a phytoremediator in moderately polluted aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献