铸造业清洁生产审核与污染物减排研究

铸造业是环境污染问题突出的行业之一,要实现铸造业的持续发展,其出路在于实施清洁生产工艺。以铸造业树脂砂线清洁生产审核为例,探索铸造业实施生产工艺技术改造,提出企业环境管理与经营持续发展的途径和方法。     

铸造业颗粒物污染清洁生产减排潜力分析与实例应用 ——以M市为例

颗粒物是铸造业的主要大气污染物,属于国家重点控制的大气污染物之一.以铸造业为研究对象,分析了铸造企业各生产工序颗粒物产排特征,并以M市铸造业为例,对颗粒物排放现状以及相关产业政策进行了分析和梳理,总结出M市铸造业清洁生产减排潜力.结合"自底向上"污染减排模型和《第二次全国污染源普查产排污核算系数手册(试用版)》构建出铸...     

清洁生产在环境管理工作中的地位

阐述了实施清洁生产在环境可持续发展中的重要意义，及在环境管理工作中的重要作用。并根据沈阳市清洁生产审计工作的实践，提出实施清洁生产的主要办法与途径。     

清洁生产在企业实施过程中面临的主要问题及对策

从1989年联合国环境署(UNEP)首次提出清洁生产的概念,到1999年国家进行清洁生产试点,并于2003正式实施《中华人民共和国清洁生产促进法》,清洁生产已成为中国企业污染防治工作的重要内容.实践表明:清洁生产的推行虽然取得了一定的成果,但由于缺乏相应的实施清洁生产的政策、法规、资金、技术等,当前企业清洁生产的实施进展得还比较缓慢.要进一步推行清洁生产,还需要完善制度,制定一定的对策,如:落实清洁生产优惠制度,大力研发清洁生产技术,完善相应的法规和政策等.只有这样,才能使企业积极、主动、长久地推进和实施清洁生产.     

水泥行业清洁生产审核节能减排实例分析研究

结合广西某水泥有限公司清洁生产审核实例,分析企业能源、物料利用现状,针对性提出清洁生产方案,并对能耗高、污染大的生产环节开展清洁生产审核.结果表明,水泥企业实施清洁生产的潜力很大,不仅可以节能降耗,减少污染,而且也可以产生明显的环境和经济效益.水泥行业实施清洁生产是实现节能减排的重要措施之一,为水泥企业良性发展指明方向.     

火电厂清洁生产与环境管理一体化实施初探

火电厂清洁生产的推行,需运用系统的观点,运用清洁生产审核这一重要的技术手段,提出方案并实施.火电厂清洁生产的持续性特点,需要建立火电厂环境管理体系来支持.文章从技术手段和管理手段的角度,提出火电厂清洁生产与环境管理体系一体化实施的观点.     

依法推行清洁生产促进经济发展与环境保护“双赢”

该文分析了企业实施清洁生产的重要意义，阐述了政府组织、企业实施和政策配套是推进清洁生产的三个主要环节，并结合福建省建设生态省的环境保护工作要求，提出依法推进清洁生产工作的对策建议。     

《中华人民共和国清洁生产促进法》实施中存在的问题及完善途径

《中华人民共和国清洁生产促进法》是全球第一部清洁生产专门法律,实施17年来对我国清洁生产推进起到了重要的引导和规范作用.现阶段,绿色发展和环境管理对清洁生产提出了更高的要求,《中华人民共和国清洁生产促进法》在清洁生产定义、清洁生产审核制度、激励措施等方面存在的缺陷逐渐凸显.基于全过程控制角度,分析狭义清洁生产定义对于清...     

推行清洁生产实现可持续发展

对集团公司全面开展清洁生产的情况做了综述和总结，几年来的清洁生产实践表明，清洁生产促进了石化企业的发展，同时降低了废物排放，取得了明显的成果。清洁生产是保护环境的有力手段，也是实施可持续发展战略的重要措施     

燃煤电厂清洁生产审核探讨

燃煤电厂是我国大气环境主要污染来源,燃煤电厂实施清洁生产既是环境保护的需要,也是节能减排的有效手段.清洁生产审核是实行清洁生产的前提和基础,对河南某燃煤电厂实施清洁生产审核的过程及产生的效果进行了分析,提出了持续有效地实施清洁生产的建议,从而为燃煤电厂开展清洁生产审核提供借鉴.     

沈阳市铁西新区装备制造业循环经济建设与研究

为了实现装备制造业的生态化发展,必须同时在企业内部实施生态设计及生态化管理,从源头减少资源消耗;以骨干企业为支撑,逐渐完善与钢铁产业群、铸锻产业群及表面处理中心间的产品代谢链条,形成稳定的产品供应关系和产业群,扩展行业间的横向耦合,构建稳定的产品代谢和产业链。     

Towards cleaner technologies in small and micro enterprises: a process-based case study of foundry industry in India

In 1991, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) established a program to support developing countries in protecting the global environment. In collaboration with The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), New Delhi, SDC India selected the foundry industry as one of the prominent areas in which to introduce environment-friendly technologies. In this paper, we focus on the process by which the SDC–TERI partnership developed and demonstrated an energy-efficient divided-blast cupola (DBC) and a highly effective pollution control device. We also discuss the measures taken to aid replication of these technologies, and to improve the socio-economic conditions of foundry workers.     

Lessons from cleaner production experiences in Indian hosiery clusters

This paper focuses on lessons learnt from Cleaner Production (CP) experiences in textile bleaching and dyeing (hosiery) clusters in India. The regional and industry contexts for CP are demonstrated by outlining the interaction and interdependency between the urban and rural environment, and an industry cluster centered on Tirupur City. A policy for fostering water use productivity in the industry cluster is discussed, which shows how that in order for resource productivity to be maintained, regional and industry CP strategies should be aligned. This is illustrated by a discussion on CP lessons in water and chemicals conservation. The paper also recommends future areas of CP investigations required in the industry to make it ecologically sustainable in the long-term.     

Energy management practices in Swedish energy-intensive industries

Previous studies point out a large (untapped) potential for energy efficiency in industry through the adoption of energy management practices. The aim of this paper is to describe and analyze energy management practices in two different Swedish energy-intensive industries: the pulp and paper industry and the foundry industry. The results show that one third of the studied mills and about two fifths of the studied foundries do not allocate energy costs by means of sub-metering, which probably contributes to reinforce the split incentive problem. Moreover, about one fifth of the mills and about half of the foundries lack a long-term energy strategy. The results also show that only about 40% and 25% respectively of the studied mills and foundries may be categorized as successful when it comes to energy management practices. If energy management is not fully prioritized even in energy-intensive industries – such as the studied foundry and pulp- and paper industry it will, in all probability, not be prioritized in less energy-intensive industrial sectors or countries either, indicating a large untapped potential in regard to cleaner, more environmentally sound, production in the industrial sector.     

铸造废砂的环境毒性研究

采用毒性特性浸出程序、顶空气相色谱技术检测了5种铸造废砂中的重金属与有机污染物,采用发光细菌毒性检测技术和土壤酶活性实验研究了废砂的生物效应.结果表明,由于浇注金属与造型材料的不同,5种铸造废砂中的金属与有机污染物成分和浓度均有较大差异.其中,铸铁与铸钢废砂浸出液中的铁离子,铸铝废砂中的As离子超出了《地表水环境标准》规定的最大允许检出浓度.5种废砂中的有机污染物种类十分复杂,对发光细菌表现出不同程度的抑菌活性,发光强度的抑制率在30%～95%之间.此外,土壤酶活性实验结果表明,废砂中的金属污染物可能会抑制土壤中微生物的活性,而有机物则对土壤微生物的活性有一定的促进作用.因此,铸造废砂的随意排放将会对环境造成较严重的威胁.     

铸造行业挥发性有机物排放成分谱及影响

采用气袋-吸附管采样方法对京津冀地区9家铸造企业重点工序有组织和无组织排放气体进行采集,运用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）测定了56种VOCs组分,首次建立了铸造行业基于生产工序的VOCs源成分谱,并且结合臭氧生成潜势分析了VOCs对臭氧生成的贡献.结果表明,铸造行业VOCs特征组分主要为芳烃、卤代烃和含氧VOCs,平均占比分别为：50.9%、20.8%和12.6%.总体而言,甲苯、苯、间/对-二甲苯等芳烃,二氯甲烷、三氯乙烯等卤代烃,丙酮、乙酸乙酯、环戊酮等含氧VOCs和部分高碳烷烃是铸造行业的特征物种.铸造企业不同生产工序的VOCs特征物种与所使用溶剂、表面处理剂的成分相关.喷漆工序是铸造行业中排放浓度最高的环节,其次为造型、硅溶胶和浇注工序.不同生产工序排放VOCs的OFP在0.29~96.09 mg·m^-3之间.喷漆工序是铸造行业OFP最高的环节,其次是造型、熔炼和浇注工序;芳烃和含氧VOCs是各生产工序OFP贡献较高的组分.1,3,5-三甲苯、1,2,4-三甲苯、甲苯和间/对-二甲苯等芳烃是铸造行业OFP贡献较高的物种,总贡献比例超过60%.建议重点对喷漆工序排放VOCs采取有效治理措施;对造型、熔炼和浇注等工序排放VOCs应采取有效收集和治理措施.     

Beyond barriers: examining root causes behind commonly cited Cleaner Production barriers in Vietnam

Despite the promotion of Cleaner Production (CP) by government, academia and research institutions in the past few years, only a small number of Vietnamese industries have adopted it. This paper explores why CP has not been widely adopted by industry through an examination of the root causes preventing effective CP implementation in Vietnam. The paper concludes with possible directions for improving the effectiveness and sustainability of CP programs in Vietnam through training and education.     

PRIMA: a Dutch initiative for environmental improvement of retail assortments

Cleaner production (CP) working methods should facilitate the search for feasible CP options and contribute to their on-going implementation in a company. Over the past decade, numerous working methods have been developed in order to cater for specific segments of industry. This paper describes, compares and analyses the core components of six Dutch working methods to develop a framework for CP methodologies, to draft guidelines for the selection of an appropriate working method for a certain industry, and to identify areas which require additional methodology development. A division is proposed between four types of CP working methods: indicators, scan, pre-assessment and assessment. Each of these has its strengths and weaknesses, which calls for a careful selection of the working method, which in turn could be based on size of the company, material- and energy-intensity of the production, and complexity of the production processes. This comparative evaluation further proves that the working methods are still weak in stimulating the corporate transition process from ‘end-ofpipe’ to CP thinking and acting. It is tentatively concluded that an ‘assessment’ is superior in identifying comparatively radical environmental improvements (‘innovations’) as well as in fostering the integration of CP into the daily operation and management of a company. The use of simplified working methods in selected industries, is, however, justified given their ability to contribute to the implementation of relatively obvious CP options.     

Assessment of cleaner production uptake: method development and trial with small businesses in Western Australia

This paper reports on the development of an innovative semi-quantitative assessment method to estimate the level of uptake of cleaner production (CP) in small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) on the basis of three component ratings: awareness of CP ideas and benefits; presence of management features and/or system components conducive to CP; and CP content of recent innovations and operational improvements. The assessment method was designed for application through a telephone survey and was deliberately structured to minimise intentional socially preferable responses. It was trialled on 140 SMEs in four sectors, mostly from Western Australia: printing and book making; dry-cleaning; food processing and metal products. The trial showed that the assessment tool can judge the business’ capacity to implement CP. The levels of CP uptake found in the trial reflect well on the experience of CP practitioners, albeit much lower than reported from previous mail surveys. In the trial the drycleaners performed significantly better than the other businesses, with food processing, metal processing and printing businesses being ranked second, third, and fourth respectively. The higher uptake by drycleaners was expected given that a sector specific CP program was conducted in that sector. Overall, the results suggest that generic (non-industry specific) semi-quantitative proxy indicators can be used for estimating the level of CP uptake in SMEs. Although further verification with quantitative environmental and economic performance data would in principle be desirable, this would be impractical due to the general lack of monitoring and recordkeeping of environmental data in many SMEs, and would also face the common conceptual, methodological and fundamental challenges for CP quantification. The tool may therefore be more useful to target CP promotion efforts, and measure their effectiveness.