污染土壤修复的技术再造与展望

污染土壤的面积在迅速扩大，迫切需要修复，治理；随着土壤污染组分的日益复杂化，等待着全面，高效的修复技术的研制。对污染土壤修复相关技术现状进行剖析表明，现有的各种污染土壤修复技术由于存在着许多技术上难以克服的问题，需要从技术的现有进展和技术构想进行整体意义上的创新，即如何把现有的技术进行参数优化、改造后进行最佳组合与综合，才能取得该技术领域的重大突破。污染土壤的生态化学修复，污染土壤的生态化学修复，其实质在于技术的再造，代表了21世纪污染土壤修复技术的发展方向。     

基于PROMETHEEⅡ法的污染场地土壤修复技术筛选及应用

依据当前污染场地土壤修复技术特点以及场地特征,构建4层12指标21方案的污染土壤修复技术决策分析结构,运用多属性决策分析方法——PROMETHEEⅡ偏好排序法,对当前场地修复技术以及典型场地条件进行了客观分析和综合评价,实现基于具体修复目标的污染场地土壤修复技术择优筛选,并采用该方法对虚拟特定污染场地的土壤修复技术筛选进行了实例应用。这为污染场地的治理和修复提供了方法依据和理论参考。     

土壤电阻加热技术原位修复有机污染土壤的关键问题与展望

为解决我国近年来重污染企业搬迁遗留的有机污染土壤问题,土壤电阻加热修复技术(electrical resistance heating,ERH)等热处置技术日益受到重视。ERH是目前修复挥发性、半挥发性有机污染土壤最具有潜力的原位热修复技术之一,其污染物去除率及土壤性质变化是用以评估该土壤修复技术的核心指标。在查阅文献的基础上,系统分析了热处置及电阻加热技术相关原理与适用范围,并对ERH处置过程中土壤性质可能发生的变化进行了深入讨论,以期为我国有机污染土壤原位热修复技术的推广和应用提供参考。     

污染土壤的淋洗法修复研究进展

污染土壤淋洗技术是修复污染土壤的一种新方法 ,是对污染土壤生物修复的一种补充 ,使污染土壤修复的系统化成为可能。淋洗法主要使用淋洗剂清洗土壤 ,使土壤中污染物随淋洗剂流出 ,然后对淋洗剂及土壤进行后续处理 ,从而达到修复污染土壤的目的。因为淋洗剂的种类和淋洗方式的不同 ,土壤淋洗法可分为许多种类。土壤淋洗法主要受土壤条件、污染物类型、淋洗剂的种类和运行方式等因素影响。综合考虑多方面因素 ,就有潜力设计出经济高效的土壤淋洗系统。土壤淋洗法有很多优点 ,尽管也存在一些问题 ,但其技术上的优势也是其他方法难以取代的 ,所以有良好的应用前景。     

污染土壤化学修复技术研究与进展

污染土壤修复环境工程近年来发展迅猛,欧美等发达国家在其技术创新和设备改进2个层面都取得了长足进展。本文概述了化学淋洗修复技术(原位化学修复技术和异位化学修复技术)、化学还原与还原脱氯修复技术、化学氧化修复技术、溶剂浸提技术和土壤性能化学改良修复技术等污染土壤的化学修复技术原理、进展与适用性以及有关关键技术参数,并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

重金属污染土壤的强化电动修复技术研究进展

在土壤重金属污染日益严重的背景下,寻找一种简单高效的土壤修复技术刻不容缓。电动修复技术由于操作简单、处理污染物多样、修复快速、成本低廉等优点,成为重金属污染土壤修复领域的研究热点。简述了中国土壤重金属污染的现状,电动修复的原理及其影响因素,综述了近年来国内外有关强化电动修复重金属污染土壤的研究进展及国内外应用实例,分析了电动修复技术中存在的问题,最后指明了强化电动修复技术未来的研究方向。     

石油污染土壤的植物与微生物修复技术

石油污染土壤的生物修复技术具有成本低、简便高效、对环境影响小等优点,正逐步成为石油污染治理研究的热点领域,具有广阔的发展前景.介绍了我国的石油污染概况及生物修复技术在石油污染治理中的应用,重点对石油污染土壤的微生物修复、植物修复、植物一微生物联合修复技术的研究进展及各自的优点、局限性进行了综述,并提出了石油污染土壤生物修复技术研究的重点领域.     

污染土壤的淋洗法修复研究进展

污染土壤淋洗技术是修复污染土壤的一种新方法，是对污染土壤生物修复的一种补充，使污染土壤修复的系统化成为可能。淋洗法主要使用淋洗剂清洗土壤，使土壤中污染物随淋洗剂流出，然后对淋洗剂及土壤进行后续处理，从而达到修复污染土壤的目的。因为淋洗剂的种类和淋洗方式的不同，土壤淋洗法可分为许多种类。土壤淋洗法主要受土壤条件、污染物类型、淋洗剂的种类和运行方式等因素影响。综合考虑多方面因素，就有潜力设计出经济高效的土壤淋洗系统。土壤淋洗法有很多优点，尽管也存在一些问题，但其技术上的优势也是其他方法难以取代的，所以有良好的应用前景。     

污染土壤化学修复技术研究与进展

污染土壤修复环境工程近年来发展迅猛，欧美等发达国家在其技术创新和设备改进2个层面都取得了长足进展。本文概述了化学淋洗修复技术（原位化学修复技术和异位化学修复技术）、化学还原与还原脱氯修复技术、化学氧化修复技术、溶剂浸提技术和土壤性能化学改良修复技术等污染土壤的化学修复技术原理、进展与适用性以及有关关键技术参数，并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

电子废物拆解场地复合污染土壤修复技术研究进展

电子废物拆解场地土壤中含有重金属 、有机物等多种复杂污染物,对场地周围人群的健康与安全具有潜在威胁.概述了国内外复合污染土壤修复技术发展历程与研究现状,对比了化学修复、物理修复、生物修复技术在目标污染物、修复时间与修复效果上的差异,指出复合污染修复是未来研究的主要方向,修复技术将向多种技术联合应用发展、向绿色环保方向发...     

重金属污染土壤淋洗技术的基础研究与工程应用进展

随着城市结构调整,工业企业易地搬迁后遗留下大量污染场地,严重威胁人居环境,亟待开展土壤修复.土壤淋洗技术具有工艺简单、处理范围广、修复效率高和治理费用相对低廉等优点,是目前修复重金属污染土壤最有效的技术之一,同时对于有机物污染土壤也具有显著修复效果.经过大量资料、文献调研,系统梳理土壤淋洗技术在国内的研究现状,结合实际...     

Using biochar for remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals and organic pollutants

Soil contamination with heavy metals and organic pollutants has increasingly become a serious global environmental issue in recent years. Considerable efforts have been made to remediate contaminated soils. Biochar has a large surface area, and high capacity to adsorb heavy metals and organic pollutants. Biochar can potentially be used to reduce the bioavailability and leachability of heavy metals and organic pollutants in soils through adsorption and other physicochemical reactions. Biochar is typically an alkaline material which can increase soil pH and contribute to stabilization of heavy metals. Application of biochar for remediation of contaminated soils may provide a new solution to the soil pollution problem. This paper provides an overview on the impact of biochar on the environmental fate and mobility of heavy metals and organic pollutants in contaminated soils and its implication for remediation of contaminated soils. Further research directions are identified to ensure a safe and sustainable use of biochar as a soil amendment for remediation of contaminated soils.     

Bioremediation of soil contaminated with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): a review

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute a group of priority pollutants which are present at high concentrations in the soils of many industrially contaminated sites. Criteria established for the removal or treatment or both of soils contaminated with PAHs vary widely within and between nations. The bioremediation of contaminated soils with in-situ, on-site, and bioreactor techniques is reviewed, together with the factors affecting PAH degradation. Current in-situ remediation techniques are considered ineffective for the removal of most PAHs from contaminated soil. On-site 'landforming' methods have been used successfully (and within a reasonable period of time) to degrade only those PAHs with three or fewer aromatic rings. Bioreactors have proved most effective for soil remediation, since conditions for enhanced degradation can be achieved most readily. However, bioreactors are still at the development stage, and further research is required to optimise their efficiency and economy for routine use. Degradation of the more recalcitrant high-molecular-weight PAHs is contaminated soil has not been particularly successful to date. Further research needs are identified to help develop bioremediation into a most cost-effective technology. The importance of full site assessments and treatability studies for successful application in the field is emphasised.     

石油污染土壤生物通风修复及其强化技术

处理石油污染土壤的诸多方法中 ,生物通风法是一种很有效的治理方法。本文通过对生物通风法的技术、经济分析 ,得出该方法的可行性。另外 ,还介绍了生物通风的强化技术。     

农药污染土壤的生物修复技术

本文综述了土壤农药有机污染的生物修复技术 ,重点分析了植物、微生物对土壤农药污染的修复机制以及影响因子 ,介绍了几种生物修复技术     

Soil remediation time to achieve clean-up goals I: Influence of soil water content

The current models are not simple enough to allow a quick estimation of the remediation time. This work reports the development of an easy and relatively rapid procedure for the forecasting of the remediation time using vapour extraction. Sandy soils contaminated with cyclohexane and prepared with different water contents were studied. The remediation times estimated through the mathematical fitting of experimental results were compared with those of real soils. The main objectives were: (i) to predict, through a simple mathematical fitting, the remediation time of soils with water contents different from those used in the experiments; (ii) to analyse the influence of soil water content on the: (ii(1)) remediation time; (ii(2)) remediation efficiency; and (ii(3)) distribution of contaminants in the different phases present into the soil matrix after the remediation process. For sandy soils with negligible contents of clay and natural organic matter, artificially contaminated with cyclohexane before vapour extraction, it was concluded that (i) if the soil water content belonged to the range considered in the experiments with the prepared soils, then the remediation time of real soils of similar characteristics could be successfully predicted, with relative differences not higher than 10%, through a simple mathematical fitting of experimental results; (ii) increasing soil water content from 0% to 6% had the following consequences: (ii(1)) increased remediation time (1.8-4.9h, respectively); (ii(2)) decreased remediation efficiency (99-97%, respectively); and (ii(3)) decreased the amount of contaminant adsorbed onto the soil and in the non-aqueous liquid phase, thus increasing the amount of contaminant in the aqueous and gaseous phases.     

Electrokinetic-enhanced phytoremediation of soils: Status and opportunities

Phytoremediation is a sustainable process in which green plants are used for the removal or elimination of contaminants in soils. Both organic and inorganic contaminants can be removed or degraded by growing plants by several mechanisms, namely phytoaccumulation, phytostabilization, phytodegradation, rhizofiltration and rhizodegradation. Phytoremediation has several advantages: it can be applied in situ over large areas, the cost is low, and the soil does not undergo significant damages. However, the restoration of a contaminated site by phytoremediation requires a long treatment time since the remediation depends on the growth and the biological cycles of the plant. It is only applicable for shallow depths within the reach of the roots, and the remediation efficiency largely depends on the physico-chemical properties of the soil and the bioavailability of the contaminants. The combination of phytoremediation and electrokinetics has been proposed in an attempt to avoid, in part, the limitations of phytoremediation. Basically, the coupled phytoremediation–electrokinetic technology consists of the application of a low intensity electric field to the contaminated soil in the vicinity of growing plants. The electric field may enhance the removal of the contaminants by increasing the bioavailability of the contaminants. Variables that affect the coupled technology are: the use of AC or DC current, voltage level and mode of voltage application (continuous or periodic), soil pH evolution, and the addition of facilitating agents to enhance the mobility and bioavailability of the contaminants. Several technical and practical challenges still remain that must be overcome through future research for successful application of this coupled technology at actual field sites.     

污染土壤修复效果评定方法的研究

在实施污染土壤修复的环境工程后，需要通过灵敏和有效的评定方法对污染土壤修复的效果进行评定。然而，单纯依靠化学方法进行污染土壤修复效果的评定，不能揭示土壤的整体质量特征，因此需要生态毒理方法作为相互补充的手段。本文概述了植物毒性评定法、陆生无脊椎动物评定法和土壤微生物评定法及其在污染土壤修复效果评定中的应用，并对污染土壤修复效果评定方法的发展前景进行展望。     

电动力学法修复土壤环境重金属污染的研究进展

介绍了电动力学法的基本原理和国外的一些电动力学修复重金属污染土壤的工艺,如Lasagna工艺、阴极区注导电性溶液工艺、阳离子选择性透过膜、CEHIXM工艺、Electro—Klean^TM电分离技术、电化学自然氧化技术、电化学离子交换技术、电吸附技术等,并指出了这些工艺的优缺点。评价了电动力学法处理地下土壤环境中重金属污染的优势及目前存在的问题。