聚合氯化铝项目环境影响分析实例

聚合氯化铝是一种常见的净水剂.以盐酸、铝矾土、铝酸钙粉为主要原料生产聚合氯化铝项目在实际运行过程中会产生废气、废渣等环境污染物.依据现行的环保政策及技术要求,全方位分析该项目排放的主要污染物,提出相应的防治措施,并进行环境风险分析,污染物实现达标排放及妥善处理,取得了良好的环境效益.     

污泥热解残渣制备聚合氯化铝的实验研究＊

含铝污泥热解或焚烧残渣制备聚合氯化铝的研究,有利于实现污水处理过程投加的铝盐絮凝药剂的回收与高效循环利用,减少污染物排放和资源消耗。针对辽河油田欢三联稠油污水处理污泥的热解残渣具有较高铝含量的特点,开展采用盐酸进行铝溶出及制备聚合氯化铝的实验研究。结果表明:焙烧温度为700～750℃,焙烧时间控制在1h即可。将经过焙烧活化的残渣在常温下进行酸溶,酸溶时间为2～5h,选用25%～30%盐酸,氧化铝与盐酸的摩尔比为1∶1.0～1∶1.2为宜。将溶出的铝溶液制备聚合氯化铝,在常温下采用CaO粉末来调节pH值为3.5,聚合反应时间为1d,即可得聚合氯化铝溶液。     

纳米级聚合氯化铝处理石化废水絮凝效果研究

采用自制的纳米级聚合氯化铝絮凝荆处理石大科技股份公司胜华炼油厂隔油池出水,以处理后水样的透光率作为混凝沉降效果的评价指标,并对絮凝剂投加量、搅拌速度、搅拌时间等影响混凝效果的因素进行了研究。试验表明,聚合氯化铝对石化废水的处理达到较为理想的效果,聚合氯化铝混凝处理石化废水的最佳条件为：纳米级聚合氯化铝投加量为15mg／L左右,慢速搅拌的搅拌速度为50～60rpm,快速搅拌的搅拌速度为190—225rpm,快速搅拌时间90s。慢速搅时间10min时效果最佳。使用Al-Ferron逐时络合比色法及XRD对絮凝荆进行了表征,结果证实样品中Alb含量可达到85％左右。     

酞菁绿染料排放废渣的处理技术

酞菁绿废渣中含有较多的铝化合物和少量的铜化合物及染料残渣,本文采用H2SO4除Ca2^ 、Al灰除Cu^2 或NaOH浸取Al^3 的反应条件和工艺过程,制得Al(OH)3产品,并进一步合成性能优良的聚合铝产品。废渣经处理后不仅回收了利用价值较高的铝,取得了一定的经济效益,同时不产生二次污染,也取得了明显的环境效益。     

处理含油废水的絮凝剂研究

本文通过PFS(聚合硫酸铁)和PAC(聚合氯化铝)的除油性能及其最佳实验条件、PFS与PAC的最佳配比除油效果试验,为混凝剂的选择提供了试验数据和初步结论,可在实际工艺中参考或采纳。     

化学絮凝-吸附预处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液试验研究

为改进现有二滩库区垃圾处理填埋场垃圾渗滤液处理工艺,研究絮凝—吸附法预处理工艺,试验以聚合氯化铝作为絮凝剂,最佳投放量为600mg/L,以粉煤灰作为吸附剂,最佳投放量为200g/L。结果表明:CODcr去除率达到79.64%;NH3-N去除率达到83.23%;悬浮物去除率达到58.75%;色度去除率达到92.56%;重金属离子去除率为60.37%～96.33%;研究证明:渗滤液经预处理后可以与城市生活污水合并处理。     

有机颜料废水的混凝预处理研究

利用絮凝剂阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)和混凝剂聚合氯化铝(PAC)对有机颜料废水进行混凝处理,考察了单独使用CPAM、PAC及两者联合使用的处理效果,探讨了初始pH值、混凝剂投加量对处理效果的影响.结果表明,CPAM与PAC复配处理该废水时效果较好,水样pH值为7.0;CPAM与PAC的投药量分别为10mg/L和150mg/L时,浊度去除率可达97.56％.     

AO工艺同步聚合氯化铝辅助除磷应用研究

在深入了解除磷机理的基础上,通过实验室小试和生产性试验,研究AO工艺同步PAC的除磷效果,配制浓度对除磷效果的影响,投药量与除磷效率的关系,得出了PAC投加量估算公式,并进行了除磷成本核算。结果表明,AO工艺同步PAC除磷具有良好的除磷效果和运行稳定性;PAC适宜的配制浓度为2％～4％;PAC除磷吨水成本为0．06～0．15元／m3.     

改性凹凸棒土复配PAC去除水源水中突发性重金属铜污染研究

以聚合氯化铝为絮凝剂采用强化混凝的处理方法,对水源水中突发性重金属铜的去除进行研究,考察混凝剂投加量和投加改性凹凸棒土等对Cu2+去除率的影响。结果表明,常规工艺对铜的最大去除率为67%,加入改性凹凸棒土可显著提高混凝效果,组合工艺去除铜的最优条件是,聚合氯化铝投加量为30mg/L,改性凹凸棒土投加量为30mg/L,在混凝前1min投加,此时铜的去除率达85%以上。     

制浆漂白废水的混凝处理

对制浆漂白废水采用混凝处理方法，实验结果表明，用聚合氯化铝（ＰＡＣ）和聚丙烯酰胺为混凝剂，其投加量分别为２００ｍｇ／ｌ和２ｍｇ／ｌ，经一步混凝处理，出水完全达到国家排放标准，且可进一步回用生产。     

高锰酸钾预氧化强化微污染水源水中锰的去除

目前,我国很多地区地表水都存在锰超标问题,这给供水安全带来了极大隐患.本文考察了高锰酸盐预氧化强化水中锰的去除效果.实验结果表明,原水经过高锰酸盐处理后,水中的锰含量明显降低,当高锰酸盐投加量达到0.5mg/L之后,水中的锰离子浓度已经达到了原子吸收检出限以下,但色度有所增加.当高锰酸钾∶硫酸亚铁=1∶4时,水中的锰去除效果较好,色度降低,随着亚铁离子投加比例的增加,水中锰的去除率反而下降.     

Response surface optimization of acid red 119 dye from simulated wastewater using Al based waterworks sludge and polyaluminium chloride as coagulant

In this research, the performance of Polyaluminium Chloride (PAC) and Polyaluminium Chloride sludge (PACS) as coagulants for acid red 119 (AR119) dye removal from aqueous solutions were compared. The sample of PACS was collected from "Baba Sheikh Ali" water treatment plant (Isfahan, Iran) where PAC is used as a coagulant in the coagulation/flocculation process. A response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the simple and combined effects of the operating variables including initial pH, coagulant dosage and initial dye concentration and to optimize the operating conditions of the treatment process. Results reveal that the optimal conditions for dye removal were initial pH 3.42, coagulant dosage of 4.55 g dried PACS/L and initial dye concentration of 140 mg/L for PACS, while the optimal initial pH, coagulant dosage and initial dye concentration for PAC were 3.8, 57 mg/L and 140 mg/L, respectively. Under these optimal values of process parameters, the dye removal efficiency of 94.1% and 95.25% was observed for PACS and PAC, respectively. Although lower amount of PAC in comparison with PACS was needed for specific dye removal, the reuse of PACS as a low-cost material can offer some advantages such as high efficiency for AR119 dye removal and economic savings on overall water and wastewater treatment plant operation costs.     

Color removal from dye-containing wastewater by magnesium chloride

Color removal by MgCl(2) when treating synthetic waste containing pure dyes was studied. The color removal efficiency of MgCl(2)/Ca(OH)(2) was compared with that of Al(2)(SO(4))(3), polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and FeSO(4)/Ca(OH)(2). The mechanism of color removal by MgCl(2) was also investigated. The experimental results show that the color removal efficiency of MgCl(2) is related to the type of dye and depends on the pH of the waste and the dosage of the coagulants used. Treatment of waste containing reactive dye or dispersed dye with MgCl(2) yielded an optimum color removal ratio when the pH of the solution was equal to or above 12.0. For both the reactive and dispersed dye waste, MgCl(2)/Ca(OH)(2) was shown to be superior to MgCl(2)/NaOH, Al(2)(SO(4))(3), PAC and FeSO(4)/Ca(OH)(2) for color removal. A magnesium hydroxide precipitate formed at pH values greater than 12.0, which provided a large adsorptive surface area and a positive electrostatic surface charge, enabling it to remove the dyes through charge neutralization and an adsorptive coagulating mechanism. So, the MgCl(2)/Ca(OH)(2) system is a viable alternative to some of the more conventional forms of chemical treatment, especially for treating actual textile waste with high natural pH.     

Polyvinyl chloride used as a chlorinating and a reducing agent

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or vinyl is a recyclable material. It can be used as a chlorinating and a reducing agent. Two tests of chlorination and reduction of two different samples of jarosite and hematite were realized using PVC, results are presented in this paper. The chlorination test shows that the HCl gas produced from PVC and heated at ≈250°C can be used as a chlorine source to recover as chlorinated compounds the valuable metals such as Zn, Pb contained in jarosite. The XRD reveals the presence of lead and zinc chlorides in the condensates obtained. The second test of reduction was conducted using a mixture of PVC and hematite treated in a nitrogen atmosphere between 200 and 1000°C. The results show that at low temperature, PVC produces HCl and with kinetic consideration, no reactions can be observed with hematite. However, at high temperature, the weight of the hematite sample decreases by ≈15%, due to the reduction of hematite to iron metal.     

CaCl2盐度对活性污泥性能影响的研究

针对某企业高含盐有机生产废水,采用传统活性污泥法,实验研究了氯化钙盐度对活性污泥性能的影响,分别研究了盐度对有机物的去除能力、活性污泥中微生物的耗氧速率、活性污泥的结构和沉淀效果及对菌胶团中微生物生态的影响。结果表明,当氯化钙盐度从0mg/L升高到40000mg/L的时候,废水中COD的去除率由92.9%降低到56%,活性污泥的耗氧速率下降,菌胶团的微生物种类也随之减少,MLVSS/MLSS下降,活性污泥中的无机成分增加,沉淀性能增强,菌胶团也更为致密。     

依靠科技进步 实施清洁生产

通过对净化厂硫回收装置技术改造前后的对比，分析了技术改造后运转费用的情况，对硫回收装置技术改造工程进行了评价。阐明了依靠科技进步，改革生产工艺，能有效地节能、降耗、减污，是企业家实施清洁生产，实现经济、社会、环境协调发展的一个必要措施。     

我国干法腈纶废水处理技术研究进展

分析了我国干法腈纶废水的来源、特点,介绍了干法腈纶废水处理技术的研究进展,并就其未来的研究方向提出了建议.     

TiO2改性柱撑膨润土吸附副品红的性能研究

以钠基膨润土为原料,制备了4种二氧化钛（TiO2）改性柱撑膨润土,并探讨了膨润土的改性方法、投土量、吸附时间、温度及pH值等因素对吸附副品红性能的影响。结果表明：4种TiO2改性柱撑膨润土对副品红的吸附效果明显好于原土;未经煅烧的TiO2改性柱撑膨润土的吸附效果要明显优于经高温煅烧过的柱撑膨润土;掺杂钇的TiO2改性柱撑膨润土的吸附性能略好于未经掺杂的柱撑膨润土;膨润土投土量、吸附时间、温度和pH值均会对柱撑膨润土的吸附效果产生影响;20℃时,4种柱撑膨润土对溶液中副品红的吸附等温线均符合Langrnuir吸附等温方程。