博斯腾湖浮游植物现状调查

本次调查发现博斯腾湖有浮游植物7门,78属,131种.优势种为骈胞藻,全湖广布种为角甲藻.年平均藻量为364万个/升,年数量变动曲线是以秋季为一个高峰的单峰型曲线.以浮游植物的种类组成,优势种、数量、生物量作为浮游植物群落生态学变化的主要指标.综合各项因素并通过多样性指数的计算,对博斯腾湖的污染状况进行了评定,结果表明,该湖为中营养型湖泊.     

射阳湖浮游动物群落结构特征及其与环境因子相关性研究

2016—2017年对射阳湖开展浮游动物群落结构和水质指标逐月监测。结果表明,射阳湖共鉴定出浮游动物61种,其中原生动物、轮虫、枝角类和桡足类分别为25种、24种、7种和5种。浮游动物种类数呈现春夏季多于秋冬季的变化趋势。浮游动物优势种数量较多、分布广,群落结构相对复杂且稳定。运用Shannon-Wiener指数、均匀度指数和B/T指数对射阳湖水质作评价,结果表明,该湖处于轻度—中度污染状态,生物学指标评价法与常规水质评价结果一致。浮游动物群落结构与水质指标相关性分析表明,水温、透明度、Chl-a和DO是影响射阳湖浮游动物群落结构的主要水质指标。     

从溶解氧含量变化分析博斯腾湖水质现状

通过对博斯腾湖2002 - 2006年水质溶解氧含量变化的分析研究,得出博斯腾湖水位下降,水质溶解氧含量呈下降趋势,博斯腾湖的部分区域有富营养化的趋势的结论.并提出合理调配用水量、在湖周边保持适量的湿地、利用外力加速水质的循环等对策和建议.     

浙江北部海域春季浮游动物的群落结构研究

根据2007年春季在浙江北部海域所采集的浮游动物样品,对该调查海域浮游动物的种类组成、丰度、生物量和生物多样性进行了探讨,采用多元统计软件PRIMER 5分析了该海域浮游动物的群落结构。研究结果表明,调查海域共鉴定各类浮游动物62种、浮游幼虫12种,合计74种。经统计共有2种优势种,分别是中华哲水蚤(Calanus sinicus)和五角水母(Muggiaea atlantica)。浮游动物生物量和丰度的平面分布比较相似,主要分布在调查海域的东部和东南部,并存在着向东南方向呈递增的趋势,而在杭州湾内的值比较小。调查海域浮游动物生物多样性比较低,平均值为1.54。根据对本次调查获得的浮游动物群落结构的聚类分析,主要存在着两个生态类群,群落Ⅰ为沿岸低盐群落,群落Ⅱ为暖温带近海群落。     

博斯腾湖矿化度现状分析

博斯腾湖是目前我国最大的内陆淡水湖,近40多年来,博斯腾湖矿化度年际变化经历了好→中→差→中的过程。本文在对博斯腾湖矿化度历史变化和博斯腾湖各区域矿化度分布调查分析的基础上,全面客观的分析了博斯腾湖矿化度的成因。通过对多年数据的分析,建立了矿化度与水位的定量关系模型,并就如何控制博斯腾湖矿化度提出了可行的对策。     

博斯腾湖水矿化度下降

经过各方面几年的艰苦努力,我国最大的内陆淡水湖——博斯腾湖水位出现回升势头。到90年8月底,这个湖的水位已由1986年的1044.82米上升到现在的1045.82米,比1986年高出1米,湖边干枯多年的芦苇已开始复苏。博斯腾湖水位上升的原因是:1.开都河下游建成宝浪苏木分水枢纽,进入博斯腾湖的淡水量完全受人为控制,使得开都河注入博斯腾湖的水量由1986年的8.41亿立方米增加到1989年的16.54亿立方米,增加水量近一倍。     

基于浮游动物完整性的扎龙湿地水生态状况评价

2019年5、8、10月分别对扎龙湿地春、夏、秋季的浮游动物进行采样调查,共发现浮游动物4门类44属72种,轮虫20属36种,原生动物13属20种,枝角类6属8种,桡足类5属8种。确定9个参照点和15个受损点,共选取24个候选生物指标,构建扎龙湿地浮游动物完整性指数,核心指标由总分类单元数、枝角类分类单元数、枝角类生物量、Margalef丰富度指数和中型浮游动物捕食者组成。采用比值法对0~2.91分布范围数值进行三等分,建立扎龙湿地浮游动物完整性指数(Z-IBI)健康评价标准:02.91时,无干扰。表明扎龙湿地87.5%受到不同程度的干扰,12.5%无干扰。     

新疆博斯腾湖“十三五”期间水环境质量变化分析

基于博斯腾湖大湖区内17个采样点位2016—2020年监测数据，分析“十三五”期间博斯腾湖水质的动态变化特征。结果表明：在“十三五”期间，17个监测点位中除博斯腾湖14#点位由Ⅲ类上升为Ⅱ类水质，其余点位均在Ⅲ～Ⅳ类水质间波动，主要污染指标为化学需氧量。结合5 a地方政府采取的综合污染防治措施，分析了水质变化的原因，并提出相应对策建议，以便更好地推进博斯腾湖水污染防治工作。     

博斯腾湖水质验证监测结果分析

为了确认博斯腾湖2018年水质变化情况,加强实验室质量管理水平,保证监测数据的真实可靠,新疆维吾尔自治区生态环境监测总站组织区内3个监测站对博斯腾湖开展了本次水质验证监测工作。监测评价结果显示博斯腾湖的水质仍然保持在Ⅳ类轻度污染水平,主要污染指标化学需氧量浓度仍然大于20 mg/L,博斯腾湖水质未得到改善。本次验证监测中各测站均较吻合指标有化学需氧量、高锰酸盐指数、氟化物、矿化度。针对此次水质验证监测活动,提出了保证监测数据准确性的对策及建议。     

东平湖浮游动物对南水北调东线运行的时空响应

东平湖是南水北调东线工程输水线路下游的最后一个调蓄湖泊.为探究调水后的东平湖浮游动物时空响应,于2016—2017年对东平湖浮游动物进行了涵盖春(4月)、夏(7月)、秋(10月)、冬(1月)的4次调查,共检出浮游动物3类72种(属),其中,轮虫51种(70.83％)、枝角类11种(15.28％)、桡足类10种(13.8...     

Intra-monsoonal variation of zooplankton population in the Sundarbans Estuarine System,India

The present study was conducted during July 2013 (early phase of monsoon or EM) and September 2013 (later phase of monsoon or LM) to ascertain the intra-monsoonal variation on zooplankton, by selecting 15 study stations in the river Saptamukhi, one of the main estuaries in the Sundarbans Estuarine System (SES). In 2013, SES experienced an unusually high monsoonal rainfall also exacerbated by cloud burst event at Himalayan region (upper stretches of SES) which tremendously increased the river runoff. The present work was aimed to decipher the effect of this unusual precipitation during the monsoon season on zooplankton assemblages along with different hydrological parameters. The abundance of zooplankton was recorded as lower during EM compared to LM. Altogether, 56 zooplankton taxa were identified with copepods forming the predominant population. Thirty-three copepod species were reported with 25 calanoid species forming the bulk of the biomass followed by 5 and 3 species of cyclopoids and harpacticoid, respectively. A combination of multivariate cluster analysis, biotic indices, and canonical correspondence analysis revealed noticeable alterations in the zooplankton community structure across the spatio-temporal scale. Furthermore, significant intra-monsoonal changes in zooplankton population correlated with several hydrological parameters were clearly noticed. Paracalanus parvus, Bestiolina similis and Oithona similis were observed to be the most dominant copepod species in both sampling periods. The result of the present study provides new insight on estuarine zooplankton community after unusual rainfall during monsoon season, and provides further evidence to support the conservation and management of the SES ecosystem.     

三岔湖浮游植物四季群落结构变化

2008年5月—2009年4月对三岔湖浮游植物群落结构进行调查的结果显示,浮游植物有8门78属299种,浮游生物群落结构、优势种和密度有明显的季节变化。春末和夏季蓝藻占绝对优势,冬季和初春硅藻和绿藻占优势。浮游植物优势种有梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、尖针杆藻(Synedra acus Kutzing)、小舟形藻(Naviculaminima)、细小平裂藻(M erism opdeia minima)、湖泊鞘丝藻(Lyngbya lim netia)等。浮游植物优势种群和密度显示,湖区的水体已进入富营养状态。     

Zooplankton and its grazing as indicators of trophic status in Dutch lakes

The existing data on the species composition of zooplankton and grazing intensities of crustacean plankton are discussed in the light of trophic status, particularly in the Dutch lakes of varying trophy. Several species of rotifers in northern Europe and North America are considered to indicate eutrophic environments. However, unanimity is less regarding crustacean zooplankton, since several species are encountered in lakes varying widely in trophic degree. The zooplankton to seston (33 μm) biomass ratio may provide information about the ecological transfer efficiency and trophic status. In the Dutch lakes the ratio decreases sharply with increase in food concentration during eutrophication, namely from ca 0.4 in oligotrophic lakes to about 0.05 in the hypertrophic ones. The zooplankton community grazing is high and variable in lakes of low trophy but low and relatively constant in lakes of high trophy. The fluctuations in the filtering rates of Daphnia sp. (e.g. D. magna) may provide information both on trophic degree as well as dissolved substances in lake waters. The dominance of small cladocerans in lakes may be due to quality of food and trophic level, besides fish predation. The recurrent clear-water phase in lakes would indicate oligo-mesotrophic situations in which the zooplankton plays an important role in the phytoplankton wax and wane.     

A Zooplankton-N:P-Ratio Indicator for Lakes

We develop the conceptual and empirical basis for a multi-level ecosystem indicator for lakes. The ratio of total N to total P in lake water is influenced or regulated by a variety of ecosystem processes operating at several organizational levels and spatial scales: atmospheric, terrestrial watershed, lake water, and aquatic community. The character of the pelagic zooplankton assemblage is shown to be well correlated with lake water N:P ratio, with species assemblages arrayed along the N:P gradient in accordance with resource supply theory. Features of specific zooplankton assemblages or deviations from expected assemblages can provide information useful for lake managers, such as the efficiency of pollutant transfer and biomagnification of toxins, loss of cool-water refuge areas, degree of zooplanktivory and food web simplification related to changes in fisheries, and assemblage changes due to anthropogenic acidification. Evaluation of the influence of watershed land use, forest cover and vegetation type, atmospheric deposition, and basin hydrology on the supply of N and P to lake ecosystems provides a means to couple changes in the terrestrial environment to potential changes in aquatic ecosystems. Deviations of lake water N:P values from expected values based on analysis of watershed and lake basin characteristics, including values inferred from appropriate diatom microfossil deposits, can provide an independent validation and baseline reference for assessing the extent and type of disturbance. Therefore, the N:P ratio of lake water can serve as a potentially useful and inexpensively obtained proxy measure for assessing changes or shifts in the biological and nutrient status of lakes.     

滇池浮游藻类群落构成调查

对滇池浮游藻类群落组成和空间分布开展了2次调查,鉴定出藻类8门66属159种及变种,绿藻种类最多,蓝藻次之。5、12月滇池全湖平均藻类密度分别为1.398×108、2.180×108个/升,蓝藻门微囊藻属为优势藻类。5月的调查中滇池外海藻类生物量呈北高南低的格局,而12月则呈现南部和中部高,北部低。外海的藻类生物量明显高于草海,草海藻类群落构成与外海明显不同,主要表现为绿藻门藻类所占比例较高。12月滇池外海及全湖藻类生物量都显著高于5月。与上一次(2006—2007年)滇池浮游藻类的系统调查相比,滇池(主要是外海)浮游藻类在物种数量、常见藻类、优势藻类及生物量水平方面与之接近。     

蘑菇湖水库浮游植物与富营养化关系初探

根据在蘑菇湖一个水文年度进行的7次调查结果,研究了蘑菇湖浮游植物群落生态学的主要变化(包括数量、种类组成、优势种类、季节变化、多样性指数和初级生产力),年平均总数为1138万个/升,年数量变动曲线为夏季的一个蓝藻高峰,而且数量大,延续时间长,冬季以蓝藻和绿藻占优势,夏季转为以蓝藻、硅藻占优势。结果表明,蘑菇湖的富营养化现象在调查的14个月中都存在。     

近10年南通市近岸海域功能区生物状况分析

通过对南通市2006—2015年近岸海域功能区生物环境状况监测和分析,功能区海水基本处于贫至中营养状态,营养指数呈先降后稳再升的变化趋势。底栖生物物种较少,多样性指数波动中呈轻微下降趋势。浮游生物中,浮游植物多样性指数较为稳定,浮游动物年度间波动起伏差异较大。从优势种来看,优势比例明显,浮游植物以硅藻门为主,中肋骨条藻作为主要优势种占据多年;浮游动物以浮游甲壳动物为主,真刺唇角水蚤等河口半咸水种和近岸低盐物种较多,应引起重视。