浅谈HSE管理体系在内江市环境监测实验室的应用

健康、安全、环境管理体系(HSE管理体系)是近年发展起来的一种科学、系统、完善的管理体系。环境监测实验室作为环保系统的基层单位具有污染环境的潜在风险,在环境监测实验室推行HSE管理体系意义重大。介绍了HSE管理体系在内江市环境监测实验室的应用,这是环境监测实验室走向标准化和现代化的重要标志。     

论环境监测实验室的HSE管理

对环境监测实验室的安全、环保与健康的管理作了全面的阐述，提出应实行程序化、制度化、规范化和一体化的管理，并建立HSE管理体系。这是实施实验室国家认可的要求，也是环境监测实验室走向标准化和现代化的重要标志。     

扬中市环境监测站实验室认可中的质量保证

介绍了扬中市环境监测站在创建实验室认可的过程中，将环境监测全过程的质量保证措施纳入质量体系文件，并通过检查实施情况，实现对环境监测全过程的质量管理。     

环境监测实验室文化的发展与构建小议

“实验室文化”是在一定的社会经济条件下,通过实验室特有的社会实践形成的,并为全体成员遵循的共同意识、价值观念、职业道德、行为规范和准则的总和,包括实验室精神文化、制度文化和物质文化三个层次。通过对实验室的干部职工关于实验室文化的调查和分析,从环境监测分析实验室实际出发,以团队意识、人本意识、创新意识、市场意识和效率意识等五种意识的培养为主要思路,提出构建环境监测实验室文化的建设在三个层次上的具体措施。     

国家标准环境监测实验室建设的思考

围绕环境监测现代化建设目标，提出了实现实验室标准化管理的必要性，阐述了实验室认可的发展及认可的内容，探讨了创建标准化实验室实施的要点。     

简讯

浙江省环境监测质量控制和水质网络会议十一月初在温州市召开。会议特邀中国环境监测总站高级工程师章亚麟作了分析质量控制的学术报告,省站有关同志就实验室基础、数据处理和数理统计、永质监测质量保证、实验室质量控制程序等基础知识作     

环境监测实验室质量管理体系中一个不容忽视的问题

针对环境监测机构在实验室认可管理体系中存在的不容忽视的问题,及对硬件加强计量管理的措施与办法进行了阐述,结合工作实际,着重阐述了环境监测机构应如何将监测分析仪器和标准物质的管理工作,与计量管理部门紧密联系,严格执行计量法的有关规定,确保各项措施落实到位,以保证监测分析仪器的安全、可靠、稳定地运行,从而保证监测数据的准确性、可比性,为环境管理提供有力的技术保障。     

环境监测分析中的零浓度、检出限与测定下限

检出限与测定下限都是分析方法的重要特征指标,因而在实验室质量控制、日常监测、分析方法验证以及环境背景值考查中均具有实际意义.虽然国际纯粹与应用化学联合会(IUPAC)及全球环境监测系统水监测指南对检出限的定义与有关概念均已做出明确规定.但至今仍有讨论与评述.笔者在参考有关文献的基础上,结合     

环境监测实验室内质量控制体系的设想

环境监测实验室质量控制足环境监测质量保汪的蘑要组成部分。山于实验室内质量控制工作量大，质控工作往往流于形式。因此，有必要建立一套完整又便捷的实验室内质量控制体系，在质控质量上发挥重要作用。对体系建立前提条件和体系建立的，思路进行了阐述。对体系设计基础——计算机网络技术的运用。实验室内质量评价高效、便捷的数字化应用平台的建口进行了设想。     

京杭大运河多起水污染事故的应急监测和处置工作

京杭大运河宿迁段发生了氨氮、氟化物和砷两起突发性水污染事故,在对突发性水污染事故的污染源调查和应急监测工作进行总结的基础上,提出了环境监测工作中应对突发性水污染事故的工作原则和建议,供环境监测工作者参考.     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

Comparison of methods for evaluation of activity of photocatalytic films

Objective

This work aims to investigate the correlation between the photocatalytic activity determined by methylene blue bleaching (DIN 52980), stearic acid degradation, and degradation of acetone in gas phase.

Method

The photocatalytic TiO₂ coatings included in this investigation ranged from thin commercially available coatings (Activ^TM and BioClean^TM) and ready to use suspensions (Nano-X PK1245) to lab-produced PVD and sol?Cgel coatings. XRD analysis of the photocatalytic coatings showed that all the coatings consisted of nanocrystalline anatase, although the thickness and porosity varied considerably.

Results

The study showed that the reproducibility of the activity measurements was good. However, more importantly, the investigation showed that there is a good correlation between the activities determined by the different methods even though the characteristics of the photocatalytic coatings and the organic probe molecules varied considerably.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this work suggest that there is a good correlation between the investigated methods. These results are promising for the future work concerning standardization of methods for determination of the activity of photocatalytic films.     

Impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of India

India has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. These resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. The present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern India, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (Penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. Indiscriminate exploitation of these resources leads to a heavy reduction of the species concerned and other associated marine communities. The magnitude of such destruction has been quantified. The impacts of biodiversity loss and their after-effects on the ecobalance of this coastal system have become a matter of great concern to ecologists to maintain security and sustainability. The authors propose a public awareness program on themes relating to the importance of biodiversity for human livelihoods.