Removing nitrogen and phosphorus from simulated wastewater using algal biofilm technique

Algal biofilmtechnology is a new and advanced wastewater treatment method. Experimental study on removing nitrogen and phosphorus from simulated wastewater using algal biofilm under the continuous light of 3500 Lux in the batch and continuous systems was carried out in this paper to assess the performance of algal biofilm in removing nutrients. The results showed that the effect of removing nitrogen and phosphorus by algal biofilm was remarkable in the batch system. The removal efficiencies of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia-nitrogen (NH₃-N), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reached 98.17%, 86.58%, 91.88%, and 97.11%, respectively. In the continuous system, hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 days was adopted; the effects of removing TP, TN, NH₃-N, and COD by algal biofilm were very stable. During a run of 24 days, the removal efficiencies of TP, TN, NH₃-N, and COD reached 95.38%, 83.93%, 82.38%, and 92.31%, respectively. This study demonstrates the feasibility of removing nitrogen and phosphorus from simulated wastewater using algal biofilm.     

A/O生物膜法强化处理石化废水及生物膜种群结构研究

采用A/O生物膜反应器处理石化综合废水.反应器在O段添加装有改性聚氨酯泡沫的多孔塑料球载体,强化有机物的降解效率.反应器进水分别为水解酸化池出水(阶段I),石化工业废水与生活污水比例为3:1(阶段II)以及单纯的石化工业废水(阶段III). 结果表明,尽管进水COD和氨氮波动较大,但出水COD和氨氮的去除率保持稳定,说明生物膜反应器具有较好的抗冲击负荷能力.在HRT为30h, COD和氨氮的去除率为74%~77%和96%~93%,总氮和总磷的去除率为58%和79%.第II阶段进水为工业废水和生活污水混合的处理效果最好,出水COD和氨氮浓度分别为(63±12)mg/L和(0.75±0.28)mg/L.出水总氮主要为硝酸氮,亚硝酸氮的浓度很低(小于0.1mg/L),表明硝化作用进行得较为完全.进水中有机物的分子量主要分布在小于1kDa(70.9%)和大于100kDa(10.4%).出水中大于10kDa的有机物所占比例减小,分子量主要分布在小于1kDa(56.6%)和1~5kDa(26.2%),表明A/O生物膜反应器对大分子有机物的降解较好.454高通量测序结果表明: 生物膜中变形菌门菌群所占比例最大(60.0%),其次是浮霉菌门(16.9%)和拟杆菌门(9.8%).在属的水平检测到氨氧化菌(AOB)Nitrosomonas和亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB) Nitrospiraceae Nitrospira以及反硝化菌Azospira和Thermomonas.NOB的比例较高,这与反应器较好的硝化作用相一致.     

生物质气化发电厂洗焦废水生物处理的中试研究

为使生物质气化发电厂的洗涤废水得到有效的循环使用,在以废陶瓷片作为填料的生物膜反应器中,接种优势菌,对经过物化预处理的生物质气化洗涤废水进行处理,着重考察了不同工艺条件下,生物膜反应器对废水的处理效果.采用缺氧20h,好氧10h的处理工艺,可有效降低该废水的COD,当进水COD为584～923mg·L-1时,出水COD达到118 5～230 2mg L-1,COD的平均下降率为78 6%.     

High nitrogen removal from wastewater with several new aerobic bacteria isolated from diverse ecosystems

Introduction The presence of nitrogenous substance has attracted attention because of the role of nitrogen in eutrophication of receiving waters. Denitrification is the ability of bacteria to use nitrogen oxides (NO3- and NO2-) as electron acceptors produ…     

生物膜反应器降解生物质气化洗焦废水

陶瓷球作为固定介质 ,接种本实验室保藏的Pseudomonassp1和Pseudomonassp2混合菌种 ,应用生物膜反应器处理生物质气化过程中产生的洗焦废水 ,对反应器运转整个过程的进出水COD浓度、进出水苯、萘、菲、吡啶、喹啉、异喹啉的含量、反应器内和反应器出水含菌量进行测定 ,以了解生物膜反应器处理生物质气化洗焦废水的特性 .结果表明 ,反应器经挂膜、增菌后 ,可达到稳定运转状态 ,有效的控制了反应器内微生物细胞的流失 ,使生物质气化洗焦废水中的有机物得到较好去除 .     

Treatment of coke plant wastewater by SND fixed biofilm hybrid system

In this article, coke plant wastewater was treated by a simultaneous nitrifying and denitrifying （SND） fixed biofilm hybrid system. The results showed that suitable parameters of the system were important for the performance of the bio-degradation system. The chemical oxygen demand （COD） removal efficiency in this system was satisfactory, higher than 94%, and ammonia nitrogen was higher than 95%. The effluent COD concentration could meet the discharge standard, except for very few situations. The results showed that a sufficient carbon source was important for making ammonia nitrogen concentration meet the discharge standard. Then the TiN removal efficiency in this system can be brought higher than 94%. Dissolved oxygen （DO） is very important to the performance of the SND bio-degradation system, and the suitable DO is about 3.5-4.0 mg/L at the forepart of reactor. In addition, the performance of the system was almost not affected by pH value. The results show that the system is feasible to treat coke plant wastewater.     

移动床生物膜反应器净化模拟水产养殖废水的研究

采用移动床生物膜反应器（MBBR）净化模拟水产养殖废水.结果表明,MBBR净化模拟水产养殖废水效果良好.在水力停留时间（HRT）为8 h,DO为2.0~3.0 mg·L^-1的条件下,反应器启动迅速、运行稳定,能使COD和氨氮去除率均达到80%以上,TP去除率达到50%左右;有机负荷为（0.76±0.03）kg·m^-3·d^-1时,TN及氨氮去除效果最好,去除率分别达到71.73%及98.42%.为达到良好的TN去除效果,有机负荷不宜低于0.5 kg·m^-3·d^-1;DO为（3.00±0.25）mg·L^-1时,TN去除效果最好,最有利于同步硝化反硝化;为保持较高的氨氮去除效率,并减少亚硝态氮积累,DO浓度不应低于2.0 mg·L^-1;HRT过短会使氨氮去除效率降低,且可能出现亚硝态氮积累;采用序批式进水运行方式,对TP的去除效果优于连续进水方式,但运行周期后半段会出现亚硝态氮积累,对鱼类产生危害.     

焦化废水中几种含氮杂环有机物在A1-A2-O系统中的降解特性研究

在对焦化废水中有机物在A1－A2－O生物膜系统中降解转化规律进行分析的基础上，选取焦化废水中6种主要的含氮杂环化合物，吡啶，吲哚，喹啉，异喹啉，8－羟基喹啉，与苯酚共同配制成溶液，在A1－A2－O生物膜系统中运行，结果表明上述几种含氮杂环有机物在A1－A2－O 都可得到较完全的去除，它们在厌氧段的降解速率从大到小依次为，吲哚＞2－甲基喹啉＞8－羟基喹啉＞异喹啉＞喹啉＞吡啶。在厌氧条件下，吲哚和喹啉存在拮抗作用，而吡啶对喹啉有协同作用，啉啶的加入有利于改善由喹啉和吲哚之间产生的拮抗作用。     

高浓度氨氮废水的危害及主要治理技术

高浓度氨氮废水排放量大、成分复杂、毒性强,因此对环境的危害极大。本文从总结高浓度氨氮废水的来源和特性入手,分析高浓度氨氮废水的危害性,提出高浓度氨氮废水的主要治理技术。     

Nitrogen removal from coal gasification wastewater by activated carbon technologies combined with short-cut nitrogen removal process

A system combining granular activated carbon and powdered activated carbon technologies along with shortcut biological nitrogen removal （GAC-PACT-SBNR） was developed to enhance total nitrogen （TN） removal for anaerobically treated coal gasification wastewater with less need for external carbon resources. The TN removal efficiency in SBNR was significantly improved by introducing the effluent from the GAC process into SBNR during the anoxic stage, with removal percentage increasing from 43.8%49.6% to 68.8%-75.8%. However, the TN removal rate decreased with the progressive deterioration of GAC adsorption. After adding activated sludge to the GAG compartment, the granular carbon had a longer service-life and the demand for external carbon resources became lower. Eventually, the TN removal rate in SBNR was almost constant at approx. 43.3%, as compared to approx. 20.0% before seeding with sludge. In addition, the production of some alkalinity during the denitrification resulted in a net savings in alkalinity requirements for the nitrification reaction and refractory chemical oxygen demand （COD） degradation by autotrophic bacteria in SBNR under oxic conditions. PACT showed excellent resilience to increasing organic loadings. The microbial community analysis revealed that the PACT had a greater variety of bacterial taxons and the dominant species associated with the three compartments were in good agreement with the removal of typical pollutants. The study demonstrated that pre-adsorption by the GAC-sludge process could be a technically and economically feasible method to enhance TN removal in coal gasification wastewater （CGW）.     

污水地下渗滤系统强化脱氮试验研究

构建了3套以5%炉渣+95%草甸棕壤为基质的地下渗滤系统室内模拟试验装置,在水力负荷为0.1m3/(m2·d)条件下进行了生活污水处理试验.结果表明,当分流位置位于系统内110cm处,分流比为1:1时,可提高地下渗滤对总氮的去除效率,总氮的去除率由59.37%提高至68.41%,且对COD和总磷的去除效果没有影响.     

厌氧-缺氧-预曝气-移动床生物膜系统对焦化废水特征有机污染物降解研究

重点研究了厌氧-缺氧-预曝气-移动床生物膜(A1-A2-O-MBBR)组合工艺对焦化废水中特征有机污染物——苯酚、对甲酚、苯胺、邻甲酚、吲哚、喹啉和2,4-二甲酚的降解情况.结果发现,进水中苯酚、对甲酚、苯胺、邻甲酚、吲哚、喹啉和2,4-二甲酚的含量分别为48.68、25.53、11.70、8.46、8.02、5.33和1.26mg·mL-1,约占有机物总量的70.0%;经厌氧处理后,喹啉的去除率最高,达91.4%,苯酚和2,4-二甲酚的去除率为30.0%～40.0%,苯胺、邻甲酚、对甲酚和吲哚的去除率为20.0%～30.0%,并且厌氧出水的色度降低约55.0%;缺氧反硝化对有机物的降解或转化有重要作用,苯胺、喹啉和吲哚经缺氧处理后未检测到,苯酚、对甲酚和邻甲酚的去除率分别为93.3%、86.8%和81.7%,但2,4-二甲酚浓度却从0.13mg·mL-1增加到0.21mg·mL-1;而经预曝气处理后,苯酚、邻甲酚、对甲酚和2,4-二甲酚未检测到,MBBR反应器主要进行硝化反应,整个系统出水氨氮小于1.0mg·mL-1.     

移动床生物膜反应器用于苯酚废水处理的性能研究

实验应用移动床生物膜反应器处理人工配制的苯酚废水,研究了在不同的苯酚进水浓度和不同的水力停留时间时苯酚的去除效率,以及反应器对冲击负荷的承受能力.结果表明,在水力停留时间为24 h、苯酚进水浓度从200 mg·L-逐渐上升至1400 mg·L-1以及苯酚进水浓度1000 mg·L-1、水力停留时间从32 h逐渐降至16 h的条件下,苯酚均能够被完全去除.对冲击负荷,MBBR具有较强的承受能力.由荧光原位杂交技术分析可知,酵母菌和真细菌是反应器中降解苯酚的主要微生物.说明移动床生物膜工艺能够高效地用于苯酚废水处理之中.     

焦化废水中有机物在A1-A2-O生物膜系统中的降解机理研究

对焦化废水中有机物在A1 A2 O生物膜系统各段的降解进行了研究 .结果表明 ,废水中主要有机组份为苯酚类和含氮杂环类化合物 ,它们所占比例分别为 5 0 %和 4 0 % .经过厌氧酸化处理后 ,苯酚类中简单酚得到了较大程度的降解 ,随着苯酚甲基取代基数目的增加 ,降解率逐渐降低 ,对三甲酚则没有降解 ;简单的含氮杂环化合物如喹啉、异喹啉、吲哚、吡啶在厌氧过程中也得到了较大的降解 ,而有取代基的含氮杂环化合物则有所增加 ;喹啉和甲基喹啉的降解可生成羟基喹啉和甲基 2(1H)喹啉酮中间产物 .经过厌氧酸化段处理后 ,废水的BOD5 COD有较大提高 .厌氧出水的大部分有机物可在缺氧段得到降解 .最终出水中有机物基本上为大分子难降解物质 .     

生物膜复合系统脱氮除磷的特征及微生物群落结构分析

试验研究了序批式生物膜复合系统在不同有机负荷下氮磷等营养物质的去除特性.结果表明,复合系统在COD负荷为0.35kg.kg-1.d-1(以MLSS计)时能够很好解决脱氮除磷的泥龄矛盾,TP、TN、NH4+-N去除率分别能达到96%、89%和96%,高于对照组的SBR工艺.复合系统中,悬浮污泥对硝化起主要作用,悬浮态污泥和生物膜的硝化平均贡献比为1.66;附着态生物膜对反硝化和除磷起主要作用,生物膜和悬浮态污泥的反硝化贡献比为2.19,释磷贡献比为3.5,摄磷贡献比为3.76.利用PCR-DGGE技术发现,复合系统中存在丰富的脱氮功能菌和除磷功能菌,且悬浮态与附着态微生物的相似性仅为73%,区别较大,说明两者存在一定的分工协作,与反应器的处理特性相一致.     

生物炭载体的表面特征和挂膜性能研究

以花生壳为原料,于300~700℃下热解制备生物炭以作为生物膜载体,对其进行了理化性质表征和挂膜试验.结果表明:较高的热解温度(700℃)能促进生物炭载体孔隙结构发展,生物炭表面ζ电位上升,亲水性增加,从而有利于污水微生物的附着和生长. 挂膜期间,生物炭载体单位挂膜量分别高出陶粒44%~84%,高温(700℃)生物炭载体生物膜对NH4+-N的去除率高出陶粒1%~3%,而中低温(300、500℃)生物炭载体生物膜对NH4+-N的去除率较陶粒低5%~10%,显示生物炭表面理化性质可能对附着的生物膜微生物种类和活性产生影响.     

Enhancing nitrogen removal from low carbon to nitrogen ratio wastewater by using a novel sequencing batch biofilm reactor

Removing nitrogen from wastewater with low chemical oxygen demand/total nitrogen (COD/TN) ratio is a difficult task due to the insufficient carbon source available for denitrification. Therefore, in the present work, a novel sequencing batch biofilm reactor (NSBBR) was developed to enhance the nitrogen removal from wastewater with low COD/TN ratio. The NSBBR was divided into two units separated by a vertical clapboard. Alternate feeding and aeration was performed in the two units, which created an anoxic unit with rich substrate content and an aeration unit deficient in substrate simultaneously. Therefore, the utilization of the influent carbon source for denitrification was increased, leading to higher TN removal compared to conventional SBBR (CSBBR) operation. The results show that the CSBBR removed up to 76.8%, 44.5% and 10.4% of TN, respectively, at three tested COD/TN ratios (9.0, 4.8 and 2.5). In contrast, the TN removal of the NSBBR could reach 81.9%, 60.5% and 26.6%, respectively, at the corresponding COD/TN ratios. Therefore, better TN removal performance could be achieved in the NSBBR, especially at low COD/TN ratios (4.8 and 2.5). Furthermore, it is easy to upgrade a CSBBR into an NSBBR in practice.     

O/H/O生物工艺中焦化废水含氮化合物的识别与转化

富氮缺磷是焦化废水的特征之一,而含氮化合物存在多种组分与形态,其在废水处理过程中的利用与顺序会影响工艺条件与达标可行性,因此,通过识别含氮化合物的种类并了解其转化可以获得优化的运行工况.为考察含氮化合物的去除过程,在与实际生产330×104t·a-1焦炭工艺相配套的焦化废水处理工程O/H/O生物工艺中,检测了原水与生物出水中含氮化合物的种类与形态,以及各单元工艺中无机氮及部分有机氮化合物的浓度,分析特征化合物的转化.研究发现,焦化废水原水中含有的无机氮化合物主要为NH+4-N(33.6%)、氰化物(7.5%)、硫氰化物(40.4%),NO-2-N及NO-3-N的含量约为1%,折算总氮浓度约为240 mg·L-1,占82.5%左右;有机氮当中,可检测到胺类14种,有机腈类22种,含氮杂环化合物76种,以总氮形式表达其浓度低于50 mg·L-1,约占17.5%.处理过程中,O1反应器能够把氰化物、硫氰化物氧化为氨氮,有机氮发生形态改变;H反应器中,环状含氮化合物通过水解作用实现分子开环转变为氨氮,回流液中的硝态氮实现反硝化转变为氮气;O2反应器能够将低价状态的含氮化合物转变为硝态氮;生物出水中,硝态氮占总氮的70%以上;含氮化合物的转化受反应器的性质与运行条件控制,表现出复杂性.研究指出,焦化废水总氮的控制需要依据含氮化合物种类与形态判断、工艺组合及条件优化综合考虑.     

Biodegradation kinetic of organic compounds of acrylic fiber wastewater in biofilm

IntroductionBiofilmkineticmodelplaysanimportantroleintherationaloptimizationofbiofilmreactordesign ,operationandresearch .Whereas,itsapplicationinthedesignoffull scaleoperationsisfarfromreachingtheacceptancelevelbecausewhichiscomplicatedmathematicalentities.Theapproachofillustrationloadingcurvecanbeusedtodesignthebiofilmreactorandavoidthecomplexsolutionforequationgroupofthemodel.Fixedbiofilmsystemshavevariousadvantagesovermoreconventionalactivatedsludgeprocess,includingtheabilitytosupportavari…     

哈尔滨城市污水处理厂不同处理工艺对微塑料的去除

城市污水处理厂出水作为微塑料(microplastics,MPs)进入自然水体的主要途径之一,对其微塑料污染物特征展开研究,有助于认识和了解人类活动对自然水体的影响.本文以哈尔滨市主城区的污水处理厂A和污水处理厂B中的3种工艺(曝气生物滤池工艺、多段AO-MBBR工艺、CASS-MBBR工艺)为研究对象,经体视显微镜观察并结合傅里叶变换红外光谱仪分析哈尔滨城市污水处理厂中MPs的浓度、颜色、粒径、类型分布特征及3种不同处理工艺对MPs的去除效果.结果表明,哈尔滨城市污水处理厂进水中MPs的最高浓度为290.87个·L^-1,颜色主要以白色和无色为主,组成成分主要为PP、PE和PS,粒径大的MPs更容易被去除;微塑料在曝气生物滤池工艺一级处理中的去除率为80.28%;多段AO-MBBR工艺与CASS-MBBR工艺的一级处理MP_S去除效率为78.39%,曝气生物滤池工艺、多段AO-MBBR工艺和CASS-MBBR工艺的二级处理去除效率分别为20.92%、13.11%和14.68%,实验结果表明MPs的去除主要依靠一级处理,二级处理中的MPs去除效果...