UV/H2O2/

以     

Ti/RuO2-TiO2-IrO2-SnO2电极电解氧化含氨氮废水

研究了含氨氮(NH^＋₄-N)废水在循环流动式电解槽中的电化学氧化,其中阳极为Ti/RuO₂-TiO₂-IrO₂-SnO₂网状电极,阴极为网状钛电极.考察了出水放置时间、进水流量和电流密度对氨氮去除的影响,并对能耗、阳极效率和瞬时电流效率（ICE）进行分析.结果表明,在氯离子浓度为400　mg/L,初始氨氮浓度为40 　mg/L时,进水流量对氨氮去除的影响不大,电流密度的影响比较大.在进水流量为600 mL/min,电流密度为20 mA/cm² ,电解时间为90 min时,氨氮去除率为99.37％,去除1 kg氨氮的能耗和阳极效率为500 kW·h和 2.68 h·m²·A,瞬时电流效率（ICE）为0.28.表明电解氧化含氨氮废水具有较好的应用前景.     

CeO2-La2O3/γ-Al2O3稀土氧化物混合物催化还原SO2的实验研究

在La₂O₃ 中加入变价稀土氧化物CeO₂,组成一种稀土氧化物的混合物,以这种混合物作为CO还原SO₂的催化剂.采用连续流动固定床反应器,在反应气体SO₂和CO按SO₂∶CO = 1∶3,载流气体为N₂,气体流量为1000 mL/min的条件下,实验研究了该催化剂的活化过程以及温度和反应物浓度配比对活化反应的影响,用XRD和XPS对反应前后催化剂进行了表征,分析了相结构的变化.结果表明:CeO₂和La₂O₃ 2种稀土氧化物的混合物,在CO还原SO₂的催化反应中,活化温度比单个的CeO₂或La₂O₃氧化物下降了50℃～100℃,而且具有更高的活性.这可能是CeO₂和La₂O₃氧化物之间存在着某种协同作用所致.     

磁性Mn0.6Zn0.4Fe2O4@SiO2催化H2O2降解亚甲基蓝效能及机制

为制备易固液分离和稳定性好的高效非均相类Fenton催化剂,利用正硅酸乙酯水解对Mn_0.6Zn_0.4Fe₂O₄磁性纳米颗粒（SF-MNPs）进行功能化修饰,制备得到Mn_0.6Zn_0.4Fe₂O₄@SiO₂（MZF@SiO₂）磁性纳米复合物催化剂,采用透射电镜、 X射线光电子能谱和振动样品磁强计等对MZF@SiO₂进行了表征,以难生物降解偶氮染料亚甲基蓝（MB）为目标污染物,考察了不同初始pH对MZF@SiO₂催化效能的影响,在近中性条件下（pH=6.5）研究了H₂O₂用量、 MZF@SiO₂投加量和温度等对MB去除率的影响,及MZF@SiO₂的稳定性和循环使用性能,推测了催化反应机制.结果表明,无定形SiO₂将SF-M...     

燃气锅炉烟气NaClO2/Na2S2O8湿法氧化脱硝研究

该文利用亚氯酸钠/过硫酸钠(NaClO₂/Na₂S₂O₈)复合氧化液进行模拟燃气锅炉烟气循环喷淋脱硝实验研究,探究了NaClO₂/Na₂S₂O₈复合氧化液的组成比例、溶液的温度与pH值、烟气流速及SO₂对脱硝效率的影响。结果表明,适当的烟气温度、酸性环境以及较低的烟气流速有利于提高脱硝效率。当NaClO₂/Na₂S₂O₈复合氧化液比例为0.6/0.6,溶液初始pH值为5,反应温度50℃及烟气流速2 L/min时,NO转化率达97.6%;随反应时间的增加,SO₂与NO存在竞争反应,但影响较小。反应过程中产生的ClO₂及SO₄^·-等中间产物起重要的氧化作用,且脱硝的主要产物是NO₃^-     

VUV/TiO2/H2O2法去除水中微量硝基苯

研究了过氧化氢(H₂O₂)强化的真空紫外光催化(VUV/TiO₂/H₂O₂)方法对水中微量硝基苯(NB)的去除效果,同时考察了H₂O₂ 投加量、NB 初始浓度、重碳酸盐和腐殖酸对NB 降解的影响.采用负载在钛片上的二氧化钛(TiO₂)薄膜为光催化剂,以能发射185nm 真空紫外线(VUV)的紫外灯为光源.结果表明,去离子水中50µg/L 的NB 反应60s 后去除率即达到97.9%.随H₂O₂ 投加量的增加, VUV/TiO2/H₂O₂ 对NB的降解速率先增后减;初始浓度低于170µg/L 时,初始浓度对NB 降解影响不大;重碳酸盐和腐殖酸对硝基苯降解有显著的抑制作用.VUV/TiO₂/H₂O₂能快速有效地去除地表水(含碳酸盐和天然有机物)中的微量NB,5min 内初始浓度为90µg/L的NB去除率达到94.1%, UV₂₅₄在4min 内也降低了53.3%.     

Preparation and characterization of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst for degradation dye wastewater

In order to develop a catalyst with high activity for catalytic wet oxidation （CWO） process at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared by consecutive impregnation method and the prepared parameters were optimized. The structure of the catalyst was characterized by BET, XRF, SEM and XPS technologies, and the actual wastewater was used to investigate the catalytic activity of Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3 in CWO process. The experimental results showed that the prepared catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity when the doping amount of Ti was 1.0 wt% （the weight ratio of Ti to carriers）, and the middle product, Fe2O3-CeO2-TiO2/γ-Al2O3, was calcined in 450℃ for 2 h. The CWO experiment for treating actual dye wastewater indicated that the COD, color and TOC of actual wastewater were decreased by 62.23%, 50.12% and 41.26% in 3 h, respectively, and the ratio of BOD5/COD was increased from 0.19 to 0.30.     

CH4/H2O/H2辅助热催化CO2转化机制

随着热化学技术及相关反应机制认知的不断进步，二氧化碳回收转化为高附加值燃料或其他化工产品的清洁能源技术正逐步走向成熟。同时，因社会工业进步及人类生产活动急剧增加了大气中的二氧化碳浓度，且已远超地球正常发展的浓度阈值，这使得基于二氧化碳转化的零碳高效可再生清洁能源技术成为世界各国为应对全球能源与环境问题亟待实现的关键技术。鉴于二氧化碳热催化转化的基本原理、关键材料和反应系统的相关研究对于推动该技术的工业化进程有着至关重要的作用，本文报道了二氧化碳热催化转化机制相关的最新进展，重点阐述了对热催化过程具有辅助作用的活性气体(包括H₂O、CH₄和H₂)在实现高水平二氧化碳回收转换与高效合成气生产方面的催化机制，其核心体现在优化的反应动力学与温和条件下的热力学优势。     

介质阻挡放电等离子体降解CF4

采用介质阻挡放电(DBD)等离子体技术降解强温室气体CF₄,考察了外加气体氧气(O₂)、空气、氩气 (Ar) 对DBD降解CF₄的影响. 结果表明:随着放电时间的延长,CF₄降解率升高. 3种外加气体条件下,CF₄的降解率依次为Ar>空气>O₂. 外施电压1 000 V,Ar条件下放电4 min,CF₄降解率可达98.2%,而O₂条件下CF₄降解率只有36.9%. 水汽对CF₄降解有一定抑制作用. 红外光谱检测结果表明,降解产物主要为CO₂,CO和COF₂.      

O3-BAC-Cl2: A multi-barrier process controlling the regrowth of opportunistic waterborne pathogens in drinking water distribution systems

Simulated drinking water distribution system (DWDS) treated with O₃-BAC-Cl₂ (ozone-biological activated carbon-chlorine) was constructed to study its effects on the regrowth of five typical opportunistic pathogens (OPs). It was found that O₃-BAC-Cl₂ could significantly reduce the regrowth of target OPs in the effluents of DWDS compared with Cl₂ and O₃-Cl₂ with the same residual chlorine levels. However, the effect of O₃-BAC-Cl₂ on the average numbers of target OPs gene markers in the biofilms of DWDS was not apparent, suggesting that OPs in the biofilms of DWDS were tolerant to the upstream disinfection process. The quantification of target OPs in the BAC-filter column demonstrated that OPs decreased with the increase of depth, which was likely due to the organic nutrient gradient and microbial competition inside the BAC-filter. Increase in the ozone dose could further reduce the OPs at the bottom of the BAC-filter. Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that some significant correlations existed between target microorganisms, suggesting potential microbial ecological relationships. Overall, our results demonstrated that the BAC-filter may act as a “battlefield” suppressing the OPs through microbial competition. O₃-BAC-Cl₂ could be an effective multi-barrier process to suppress the proliferation of OPs in the bulk water of DWDS. However, OPs protected by the biofilms of DWDS should receive further attention because OPs may be detached and released from the biofilms.     

Characterization of bacterial community and iron corrosion in drinking water distribution systems with O3-biological activated carbon treatment

Bacterial community structure and iron corrosion were investigated for simulated drinking water distribution systems(DWDSs) composed of annular reactors incorporating three different treatments: ozone, biologically activated carbon and chlorination(O_3-BAC-Cl_2);ozone and chlorination(O3-Cl_2); or chlorination alone(Cl_2). The lowest corrosion rate and iron release, along with more Fe_3O_4 formation, occurred in DWDSs with O_3-BAC-Cl_2 compared to those without a BAC filter. It was verified that O_3-BAC influenced the bacterial community greatly to promote the relative advantage of nitrate-reducing bacteria(NRB)in DWDSs. Moreover, the advantaged NRB induced active Fe(III) reduction coupled to Fe(II) oxidation, enhancing Fe_3O_4 formation and inhibiting corrosion. In addition, O_3-BAC pretreatment could reduce high-molecular-weight fractions of dissolved organic carbon effectively to promote iron particle aggregation and inhibit further iron release. Our findings indicated that the O_3-BAC treatment, besides removing organic pollutants in water, was also a good approach for controlling cast iron corrosion and iron release in DWDSs.     

O3/H2O2降解Atrazine效能研究

利用O3/H2O2降解莠去津,对氧化产物进行了色谱分析,以评价该体系降解莠去津效能.莠去津初始浓度2 mg/L,7.5mg/L的O3单独氧化去除率为27.2%;相同O3投量下,H2O2/O3摩尔比0.75时,5 min莠去津的去除率最高可达96.5%,表明H2O2/O3体系对莠去津的去除效果良好,降解速度快.以离子色谱对产物的离子进行分析,莠去津浓度下降的同时,硝酸根和氯离子浓度增高.GC-MS检测的产物和对LC-MS谱图的分析表明,有机产物中存在脱乙基、脱异丙基和脱氯莠去津,说明H2O2/O3并不能彻底氧化莠去津,因此工程中作为主要去除单元或突发性污染事件的应急手段可能还需要与活性炭等单元联用.     

O3、UV、H2O2及其组合工艺处理有机污染物的效果对比研究

采用O3、UV(紫外光)、H2O2及其多种组合工艺处理乙酸有机污水,在不同的操作条件下进行比较和探讨,结果表明:组合工艺较之单独氧化剂具有优势,其对乙酸的去除能力为O3/H2O2相似文献   

umu试验研究饮用水氯和氯胺消毒过程中遗传毒性的变化以及消毒条件的影响

采用umu遗传毒性测试方法考察了消毒剂投加量、反应时间和消毒剂氯氮比对某饮用水厂臭氧-生物活性炭出水加氯或氯胺消毒前后遗传毒性的影响.结果表明,炭后水具有一定的遗传毒性(20～70 ng/L),加氯或氯胺消毒后遗传毒性增加.反应时间为24 h,在相同投加量下氯消毒遗传毒性(40～95 ng/L)高于氯胺消毒遗传毒性(20～40 ng/L);当氯初始投加量从0 mg/L增加到10 mg/L时,炭后水的遗传毒性先迅速增加,在0.5～1 mg左右达到极大值,然后再降低,在3～5 mg左右达到极小值后缓慢上升,但是氯胺消毒后水样遗传毒性变化规律不如氯消毒的明显.当投加量为3 mg/L时,随着反应时间从0 h延长至72 h,无论是氯消毒还是氯胺消毒,炭后水遗传毒性均是先迅速增加,在2 h时达到极大值后再下降,在18 h左右达到极小值然后缓慢上升,而且任意反应时间内,氯胺消毒的遗传毒性(20～62 ng/L)均小于氯消毒(83～120 ng/L).本试验还研究了消毒剂氯氮比对炭后水氯消毒后遗传毒性的影响.在本试验条件下,从遗传毒性的角度看,对于饮用水消毒氯胺比氯更安全,而且2种消毒方式的遗传毒性的变化规律均不同于总HAAs的变化规律.     

V2O5/AC在含SO2气氛中对气态Hg0的吸附脱除研究

利用固定床反应器研究了模拟烟气(N_2、SO_2、O_2)气氛下,气态Hg~0在V_2O_5/AC催化剂上的吸附脱除行为.考察了V_2O_5担载量、SO_2浓度和吸附温度等对V_2O_5/AC吸附脱除Hg~0的影响,并对V_2O_5/AC上吸附汞的形态进行了XPS分析表征.研究发现,V_2O_5/AC对Hg~0的吸附能力远大于载体AC.汞的吸附量与V_2O_5/AC中V_2O_5的质量分数有关,随着V_2O_5质量分数从0.5%增加到1.0%,汞的吸附量从75.9 μg·g~(-1)增加到89.6 μg·g~(-1) (无氧) 和115.9 μg·g~(-1)增加到185.5 μg·g~(-1) (有氧),远高于相同吸附条件下的AC上的汞吸附量 (9.6 μg·g~(-1)和23.3 μg·g~(-1)).SO_2对Hg~0的吸附有促进作用,主要是由于SO_2和Hg~0在V_2O_5/AC上发生了化学反应.但是当SO_2体积分数从500×10~(-6)增加到2 000×10~(-6)时,V_2O_5/AC对汞的吸附量只增加了5%.不同温度下的实验结果表明,V_2O_5/AC催化剂在150℃左右的吸附脱除Hg~0的能力最高,汞的吸附量达到98.5 μg·g~(-1) (无氧) 和187.7 μg·g~(-1) (有氧).XPS 分析结果表明,在V_2O_5/AC催化剂表面有HgO和HgSO_4生成,证实了V_2O_5和SO_2的作用.     

Morphology-dependent interfacial interactions of Fe2O3 with Ag nanoparticles for determining the catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol

In this work,we fabricated three kinds of Ag/Fe_2O_3 model catalysts with different morphologies to study the interfacial interactions between Ag and Fe_2O_3,and how they affected the catalytic activity in hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol was explored.The hydrothermal method was used to synthesize the metal oxide supported silver catalyst,with various morphologies including nanoplates(NPs),nanospheres(NSs),and nanocubes(NCs).The crystal structure,morphology and surface elements of the composite were investigated by various measurements,such as X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The catalytic activity was also evaluated by the reduction of p-nitrophenol to p-aminophenol.It was found that the activities of the above catalysts varied with the morphology of the support.Among them,Ag/Fe_2O_3 NPs promoted the highest performance,Ag/Fe_2O_3 NSs were slightly inferior,and Ag/Fe_2O_3 NCs were the worst.At last,we ascribed the remarkable activity of Ag/Fe_2O_3 NPs to the strong metal-support interactions between Ag and Fe_2O_3.     

IrO2/Ta2O5-石墨电Fenton降解对硝基酚的研究

采用最高的电化学稳定性钛基镀IrO2/Ta2O5为阳极,以石墨为阴极,通过外加Fe2+,构成一种新的高效电Fenton体系对难降解有机物对硝基酚(4NP)废水进行了降解研究。在最佳工艺条件:恒电流0.3A,Na2SO4浓度3g/L,Fe2+浓度为1mmoL/L,曝气量40mL/min,初始pH为5.30对100mg/L的4NP电解2h,COD去除率达84%。并且钛基镀IrO2/Ta2O5阳极相对于目前常用的Pt、PbO2等阳极具有特有的优势,为废水处理中选择新型阳极材料和新的反应体系提供了新思路。     

UV-Fe~(3+)-Cu~(2+)-H_2O_2体系深度处理垃圾渗滤液

采用UV-Fe3+-Cu2+-H2O2体系对长沙黑糜峰垃圾填埋场经过生化法处理后的垃圾渗滤液进行了二次深度处理,发现体系在T为30~50℃,H2O2体积分数为0.12 mL/L,Fe3+浓度为0.2 mmol/L,Cu2+浓度为0.2 mmol/L,t为60 min条件下,废水COD从500~700 mg/L降至50~60 mg/L,色度从100倍降至无色,达国家一级排放标准。UV-Fe3+-Cu2+-H2O2体系对成分复杂且难降解的废水具有很好的处理效果,弥补了Fenton和UV-Fenton对pH值的要求过严和催化剂难回收的缺点。