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1.
针对目前含油污水中难以处理的乳化油以及液-液旋流分离器目前存在的不足,根据只有物质分离剂(MSA)和能量分离剂(ESA)相结合才能使得分离进行得更完全的原理,设计开发出了一种新型通过螺旋管加气的液-液旋流分离设备。研究表明:经过改进的新型的分离设备,在气液比为8.5%时,对含油污水的处理效率达到90%以上。加入的螺旋管可对旋流器内的流场起到一定的引导作用,使得分离效率得到提高。  相似文献   

2.
酒精废醪的固液分离在我国的应用   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
综述了国内外酒精废醪处理中的固液分离技术的进展及新成果;指出固液分离技术代表了酒精废醪资源化综合治理的发展方向,研究、开发适合我国国情的固液分离成套技术、设备是全面治理酒精废醪污染的关键。   相似文献   

3.
治理酒精糟液的新方法   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
钟苏  马荣山 《环境保护科学》1994,20(4):48-49,76
旋转筛分离技术提取蛋白饲料是治理酒精糟液的新方法,本文介绍了旋转筛分离技术生产工艺过程,说明了采用旋转筛分离技术治理酒精糟液的经济效益及环境效益.该方法充分利用了酒精糟液中可利用的资源,去除了排水中有机物对环境的危害,是酒精糟液综合利用值得推广的方法.  相似文献   

4.
本文介绍了一种低温蒸发冷凝液化循环系统实现高浓度废水废液固液分离的技术,包括蒸发室、冷凝室、空调系统、PLC控制系统四部分,根据不同温度下空气饱和含水量不同的原理,采用蒸发与冷凝交替循环运行的过程,实现高浓度废水废液中的固液分离.该系统固液分离效果好,液体水质标准高,空调系统能效比高,整个系统能耗远远低于加热蒸发系统,且不易结垢.本系统是高浓度废液固液分离技术中一种全新的工艺思路.  相似文献   

5.
本文介绍了一种很有实用前途的新型膜分离技术——液膜分离技术及其在坏境保护中的应用.此技术以使用液体表面活性剂薄膜为基础,具有很高的渗透度和较好的选择性.因此在废水净化和气体分离中显示出应用的广泛性和经济上的合理性.液膜技术的分离机理包括:通过液膜的选择性渗透、在液膜内或液膜包着的小液滴内的化学反应、由液膜进行的萃取、在液膜与连续相界面的选择性吸附.在液膜分离操作中,表面活性剂的浓度、乳浊液相的组成、混合程度、液膜的吸附能力等对分离效果的好坏有重要影响.  相似文献   

6.
餐饮业小型污水综合处理系统的技术研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
阐述了餐饮污水进行综合处理工艺的技术方案 ,即将餐饮污水中有营养价值的固体物质经过粉碎、固液分离和烘干消毒等工序后打包统一收集 ;含油污水经过油水分离后 ,废油回收 ,废水排入下水道。介绍了粉碎机、固液分离装置和油水分离器等设备的原理。该处理系统具有投资少、操作简单、自动化程度高等特点  相似文献   

7.
采用甲醇浸泡刺松藻干粉末,适当处理后,制备到此海藻的甲醇提取物(过滤和减压蒸干)。抑藻活性检测表明,当浓度为4.0 mg/mL时,此甲醇提取物明显抑制了米氏凯伦藻的生长。进一步采用2种液液萃取方法,对此提取物进行分离,共获得8个液液萃取分离组分。这些组分对米氏凯伦藻均表现出抑藻活性。在此基础上,采用化学成分系统预试验方法,初步分析了这些抑藻活性组分的化学成分。结果表明,刺松藻甲醇提取物的液液萃取分离组分中主要含有鞣质、有机酸和黄酮。最后,对抑藻活性组分进行了硅胶GF_(254)薄层层析检测,得到了较为适宜的展开剂,为后续采用硅胶柱层析进行分离纯化奠定了良好的实验基础。目前,国内外尚未见刺松藻抑藻活性物质的相关研究。  相似文献   

8.
采用膜蒸馏分离废水中的HCl时常伴生着水蒸气的传质,影响HCl的分离效果。为抑制水的传质,文章考虑采用热耦合渗透蒸馏,建立了利用实验结果计算总传质系数和选择性分离系数的方程,分析了HCl-H2O体系气液平衡关系及跨膜传质推动力。研究结果表明,升高料液温度或增大料液流速均能提高HCl的总传质系数,但却降低了选择性分离系数;废水为盐酸和硫酸混合液时,能够抑制水蒸气的传质,且硫酸浓度越大,抑制作用越明显,能够同时提高总传质系数和选择性分离系数;废水中含有氯盐时,同离子效应和离子的水化作用产生的盐析效应能够抑制水蒸气的传质,提高选择性分离系数。  相似文献   

9.
乳浊液膜处理含酚废水   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
本文报道了一种用于分离废水中苯酚的新液膜体系。该体系是以TBP为流动载体,以LMS-2为表面活性剂组成的煤油液膜,在内外相OH-浓度梯度的推动下.苯酚由外相有效地向内相富集,从而达到分离苯酚的目的。该液膜与其它液膜相比,具有稳定性好,选择性高等优点,用此液膜分离苯酚,除酚率可达99%以上。  相似文献   

10.
鲁奇煤气化工艺低温煤焦油的组成研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
利用液-液提取分离和制备液相色谱分离相结合的预分离程序、GC-MS结合保留指数的定性方法,分析研究了鲁奇煤气化工艺低温煤焦油的化学组成,推测鉴定出12大类共400余种化合物,并对其中脂肪烃、PAH、NPAH和酚类化合物进行了定量分析,讨论了鲁奇低温煤焦油的组成特点.  相似文献   

11.
Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity (both in gene richness and diversity index values) and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor (50 mg/kg) recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos (150 mg/kg) caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes (bands) responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals: four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.  相似文献   

12.
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.  相似文献   

13.
Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone (BP 1,6- quinone), trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP 7,8-diol), 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBP), were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that (1) the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; (2) the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; (3) the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% (w/v), concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.  相似文献   

14.
Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.  相似文献   

15.
In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato (Solanum tuberosum) and brinjal (Solanum melongena), for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.  相似文献   

16.
RemovalofheavymetalsfromsewagesludgebylowcostingchemicalmethodandrecyclinginagricultureWuQitang,NyirandegePascasie,MoCehuiF...  相似文献   

17.
A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several (halo)aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no (chloro)catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.  相似文献   

18.
Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:3  
The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury (Hg) on urease activity in 4 soils (meadow burozem and phaeozem) was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase (up to 13%-21%) in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship (P〈0.05) between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose (ED50) values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.  相似文献   

19.
A field study was conducted in the Taihu Lake region, China in 2004 to reveal the organochlorine pesticide concentrations in soils after the ban of these substances in the year 1983. Thirteen organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in soils from paddy field, tree land and fallow land. Total organochlorine pesticide residues were higher in agricultural soils than in uncultivated fallow land soils. Among all the pesticides, ΣDDX (DDD, DDE and DDT) had the highest concentration for all the soil samples, ranging from 3.10 ng/g to 166.55 ng/g with a mean value of 57.04 ng/g and followed by ΣHCH, ranging from 0.73 ng/g to 60.97 ng/g with a mean value of 24.06 ng/g. Dieldrin, endrin, HCB and α-endosulfan were also found in soils with less than 15 ng/g. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT in soils under three land usages were: paddy field > tree land > fallow land, indicating that land usage inlfuenced the degradation of DDT in soils. Ratios of p,p'-(DDD DDE)/DDT >1, showing aged residues of DDTs in soils of the Taihu Lake region. The results were discussed with data from a former study that showed very low actual concentrations of HCH and DDT in soils in the Taihu Lake region, but according to the chemical half-lives and their concentrations in soils in 1980s, the concentration of DDT in soils seemed to be underestimated. In any case our data show that the ban on the use of HCH and DDT resulted in a tremendous reduction of these pesticide residues in soils, but there are still high amounts of pesticide residues in soils, which need more remediation processes.  相似文献   

20.
Common silver barb,Puntius gonionotus,exposed to the nominal concentration of 0.06 mg/L Cd for 60 d,were assessed for histopathological alterations(gills,liver and kidney),metal accumulation,and metallothionein(MT)mRNA expression.Fish exhibited pathological symptoms such as hypertrophy and hyperplasia of primary and secondary gill lamellae,vacuolization in hepatocytes,and prominent tubular and glomerular damage in the kidney.In addition,kidney accumulated the highest content of cadmium,more than gills and liver.Expression of MT mRNA was increased in both liver and kidney of treated fish.Hepatic MT levels remained high after fish were removed to Cd-free water.In contrast,MT expression in kidney was peaked after 28 d of treatment and drastically dropped when fish were removed to Cd-free water.The high concentrations of Cd in hepatic tissues indicated an accumulation site or permanent damage on this tissue.  相似文献   

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