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1.
用哌嗪和二硫化碳反应合成氨基二硫代甲酸中间体,再与二卤代烃反应得到1,4-双(二硫代酯基)哌嗪聚合物,考察了中间体和螯合树脂对Ag^ ,Cu^2 ,Zn^2 ,Ni^2 ,CO^2 ,Pb^2 ,Pd^2 ,Cr^3 的静态吸附性能,结果表明,两者均可以吸附金属离子,缩聚后的螯合树脂具有更强的吸附能力。 相似文献
2.
In the present article, a simple, rapid, sensitive and economical method has been developed for the simultaneous separation
and preconcentration of the trace amounts of copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese in water samples by using modified XAD-4
resins. The sorption was quantitative in the pH range 6.0–9.0, whereas quantitative desorption occurred instantaneously with
5.0 mL of 2 M HNO3, and selected elements have been determined by using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Dynamic ranges were 0.04–3.5,
0.1–6.0, 0.04–4.5 and 0.04–4.0 μg/mL for copper, nickel, cobalt and manganese, respectively. The detection limits were 9.2,
28.6, 12.3 and 5.7 ng/mL for Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Mn(II), respectively. The effects of the experimental parameters,
including the sample pH, eluent type, interference ions and breakthrough volume, were studied for separation and preconcentration
of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) and Mn(II) ions. Determination of these ions in standard samples confirmed that the proposed method
has good accuracy. The proposed method was used for the determination of these ions in water samples. 相似文献
3.
Some characteristics of the distribution of heavy metals
in urban topsoil of Xuzhou,China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
An assessment is presented of distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the urban topsoil from the city of Xuzhou. The
concentrations of Ag, Al, As, Au, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pd, Pt, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, V and
Zn have been determined from 21 soil samples. Examination of lognormal distribution plots indicates that the diagrams of Al,
Be, Fe, Ga, Li, and V are almost linear suggesting that these metals are almost unaffected by anthropogenic activities while
the plots for As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Pd, Pt, Se, Zn and others are not linear probably due to anthropogenic activities from which
these metals are delivered to the soils. Al is used for mineralogical normalization of these data. An evaluation of background
values for topsoil is also carried out by means of lognormal distribution plots. The results show our background values obtained
from the lognormal distribution plots are comparable to those values of uncontaminated soils of Xuzhou obtained by previous
work except for Cd and Hg. At present, no explanation for the exceptions Cd and Hg can be given. 相似文献
4.
Total concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb in surface sediments were determined to investigate the regional trends
of heavy metal contamination in 11 coastal areas in Korea. Enrichment factor (EF) of heavy metals was calculated by comparing
the level of their regional background. The averages of EF values in study areas were 0.99 for Cr, 1.05 for Ni, 4.23 for Cu,
1.80 for Zn, 3.92 for Cd and 1.54 for Pb, respectively. Dilute HCl extractions were useful to deduce the anthropogenic sources
of heavy metals and the 1 M HCl extractable fractions of each metal varied from 0.3 to 37.3% for Cr, 1.9 to 66.3% for Ni,
4.2 to 92.9% for Cu, 7.1 to 99.7% for Zn, 10.9 to 98.9% for Cd and 15.0 to 99.1% for Pb. Comparing 1 M HCl extractable fraction
to total concentration, large portions of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb were present as potentially bioavailable fractions from anthropogenic
input and were significantly correlated with their EF values showing r > 0.68. 相似文献
5.
Hui Hu Lei Jiang Longli Sun Yanling Gao Tian Wang Chenguang Lv 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(2):21
6.
This study focused on the evaluation of leaching behaviours for arsenic and heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in soils and tailings contaminated by mining activities. Ten representative mine soils were taken at four representative metal mines in Korea. To evaluate the leaching characteristics of the samples, eight extraction methods were adapted namely 0.1 M HCl, 0.5 M HCl, 1.0 M HCl, 3.0 M HCl, Korean Standard Leaching Procedure for waste materials (KSLP), Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP), Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and aqua regia extraction (AR) methods. In order to compare element concentrations as extraction methods, relative extraction ratios (RERs, %), defined as element concentration extracted by the individual leaching method divided by that extracted by aqua regia based on USEPA method 3050B, were calculated. Although the RER values can vary upon sample types and elements, they increase with increasing ionic strength of each extracting solution. Thus, the RER for arsenic and heavy metals in the samples increased in the order of KSLP < SPLP < TCLP < 0.1 M HCl < 0.5 M HCl < 1.0 M HCl < 3.0 M HCl. In the same extraction method, the RER values for Cd and Zn were relatively higher than those for As, Cu, Ni and Pb. This may be due to differences in geochemical behaviour of each element, namely high solubility of Cd and Zn and low solubility of As, Cu, Ni and Pb in surface environment. Thus, the extraction results can give important information on the degree and extent of arsenic and heavy metal dispersion in the surface environment. 相似文献
7.
Application of Amberlite XAD-7 impregnated with morpholine dithiocarbamate (MDTC) for separation and preconcentration of trace amounts of lead, copper, cobalt, iron, nickel, cadmium and zinc and determination by ICP-AES has been described. The optimum experimental parameters, such as pH, sample flow rate, eluent and effect of matrix ions on the preconcentration were investigated. Simultaneous enrichment of the seven metals was accomplished. The t 1/2 values for sorption are 2.9, 3.3, 3.7, 3.6, 2.8, 4.1 and 2.8 respectively for Pb(II), Cu(II), Co(II), Fe(III), Ni(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II). The method was applied for the determination of trace metal ions in seawater and natural water samples. The results have been compared with extraction GFAAS method. 相似文献
8.
This study focused on the evaluation of leaching behaviours for arsenic and heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in soils and tailings contaminated by mining activities. Ten representative mine soils were taken at four representative metal mines in Korea. To evaluate the leaching characteristics of the samples, eight extraction methods were adapted namely 0.1?M HCl, 0.5?M HCl, 1.0?M HCl, 3.0?M HCl, Korean Standard Leaching Procedure for waste materials (KSLP), Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP), Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and aqua regia extraction (AR) methods. In order to compare element concentrations as extraction methods, relative extraction ratios (RERs, %), defined as element concentration extracted by the individual leaching method divided by that extracted by aqua regia based on USEPA method 3050B, were calculated. Although the RER values can vary upon sample types and elements, they increase with increasing ionic strength of each extracting solution. Thus, the RER for arsenic and heavy metals in the samples increased in the order of KSLP?相似文献
9.
Thirty-two brownfield sites from the city of Wolverhampton were selected from those with a former industrial use, wasteland
or areas adjacent to industrial processes. Samples (<2 mm powdered soil fraction) were analysed, using inductively coupled
plasma–atomic emission spectrometry (ICP–AES) for 20 elements. Loss on ignition and pH were also determined. A five-step chemical
sequential extraction technique was carried out. Single leach extraction with 0.12 M hydrochloric acid of Pb, Cu and Zn in
soil was determined as a first approximation of the bioavailability in the human stomach. Some of the sites were found to
have high concentrations of the potentially toxic elements Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni. The partitioning of metals showed a high variability,
however a number of trends were determined. The majority of Zn was partitioned into the least chemically stable phases (steps
1, 2 and 3). The majority of Cu was associated with the organic phase (step 4) and the majority of Ni was fractionated into
the residue phase (step 5). The majority of Pb was associated with the residue fraction (step 5) followed by Fe–Mn oxide fraction
(step 3). The variability reflects the heterogeneous and complex nature of metal speciation in urban soils with varied historic
histories. There was a strong inverse linear relationship between the metals Ni, Zn and Pb in the readily exchangeable phase
(step 1) and soil pH, significant at P < 0.01 level. There was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the partitioning of Cu, Ni and Zn into step 4 (the organic phase) in soils with a higher organic carbon content
(estimated by loss on ignition). Copper was highly partitioned into step 4 as it has a strong association with organics in
soil but this phase was not important for the partitioning of Ni or Zn. The fractionation of Ni, Cu and Zn increased significantly
in step 3 when the total metal concentration increases (P < 0.01). The Fe–Mn oxide fraction becomes more important in soils elevated in these metals, possibly due to the scavenging
of metals by oxides. Cu and Pb extracted by HCl was statistically similar to the sum of the metals in steps 1 to 4 (P < 0.01) and HCl available Zn was statistically similar to the sum of Zn in steps 1 to 3 (P < 0.01). Step 4 (the organic phase) was not an important phase for Zn, so it was concluded that any Cu, Zn and Pb present
in soil in a nonresidue phase would be potentially available for uptake into the human system once soil has been ingested. 相似文献
10.
Effect of long-term irrigation with sewage effluent on the metal content of soils, Berlin, Germany 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Lottermoser BG 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2012,34(1):67-76
This study aimed to determine whether >110 years of sewage application has led to recognizable changes in the metal chemistry
of soils from former sewage farms, Berlin, Germany. Background concentrations of soils and element enrichment factors were
used for the evaluation of possible perturbations of natural element abundances in sewage farm soils. Calculations verify
that precious metals (Ag, Au) as well as P, Corg, and heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sn, and Zn) are invariably enriched in sewage farm topsoils (0–0.1 m depth) compared to
local and regional background soils. Long-term irrigation of soils with municipal wastewater has caused significant heavy
metal contamination as well as a pronounced enrichment in precious metals. Leaching of metals including Ag into underlying
aquifers may impact on the quality of drinking water supplies. 相似文献
11.
The oxidation of elemental sulphur in the catalytic presence of selected metal ions [Cr(III), Ce(III), Cu(II), Hg(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mo(VI), Cd(II), Zn(II), Ti(IV), and V(V)], and hydrocarbons (benzene, gasoline, and kerosene) was studied in an alkaline medium buffered by marble powder. The catalytic efficiencies of metal ions were: Cr(III) > Ce(III) > Cu(II) > Hg(II) > Ni(II). The oxidation process was inhibited in the presence of other ions, and the inhibitive effect was in the following order: Co(II) < Mo(VI) < Cd(II) < Zn(II) < Ti(IV) < V(V). In the case of hydrocarbons, the efficiencies were as follows: gasoline > benzene > kerosene. The oxidation of sulphur in sulphur-loaded soils obtained from near a textile mill and a distillery were also carried out in the c both cases was significantly enhanced.To whom all correspondence should be addressed. 相似文献
12.
A simple, sensitive column solid-phase extraction procedure for separation and preconcentration of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) in spiked and natural water samples using 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene-functionalized Amberlite XAD-4 (XAD-4-DHN) chelating resin prior to their determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry was discussed. The optimum experimental parameters such as pH, volume of sample and eluent, flow-rates of uptake and stripping, and sorption capacity of the chelating resin, were evaluated. The effect of the electrolytes and the cations on the preconcentration of metal ions was also investigated. The chelating resin could be reused for more than 20 cycles of sorption–desorption without any significant change (<1.0%). Recoveries obtained from this method range from 96 to 102% with R.S.D of 2.50 (n = 4). The detection limits for Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) were found to be 1.9, 0.9, 1.2 µg, and 1.4 µg L?1, respectively. The proposed method was applied for the determination of Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Cd(II) in spiked, tap water, and river water samples. 相似文献
13.
Md. Lutfor RAHMAN Shaheen M. SARKAR Mashitah Mohd YUSOFF 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2016,10(2):352-361
Poly(hydroxamic acid)-poly(amidoxime) chelating ligands were synthesized from poly(methyl acrylate-co-acrylonitrile) grafted acacia cellulose for removing toxic metal ions from industrial wastewaters. These ligands showed higher adsorption capacity to copper (2.80 mmol?g−1) at pH 6. In addition, sorption capacities to other metal ions such as iron, zinc, chromium, and nickel were also found high at pH 6. The metal ions sorption rate (t1/2) was very fast. The rate of adsorption of copper, iron, zinc, chromium, nickel, cobalt, cadmium and lead were 4, 5, 7, 5, 5, 8, 9 and 11 min, respectively. Therefore, these ligands have an advantage to the metal ions removal using the column technique. We have successfully investigated the known concentration of metal ions using various parameters, which is essential for designing a fixed bed column with ligands. The wastewater from electroplating plants used in this study, having chromium, zinc, nickel, copper and iron, etc. For chromium wastewater, ICP analysis showed that the Cr removal was 99.8% and other metal ions such as Cu, Ni, Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb, Co and Mn removal were 94.7%, 99.2%, 99.9%, 99.9%, 99.5%, 99.9%, 95.6% and 97.6%, respectively. In case of cyanide wastewater, the metal removal, especially Ni and Zn removal were 96.5 and 95.2% at higher initial concentration. For acid/alkali wastewater, metal ions removing for Cd, Cr and Fe were 99.2%, 99.5% and 99.9%, respectively. Overall, these ligands are useful for metal removal by column method from industrial wastewater especially plating wastewater. 相似文献
14.
A total of 49 sediment samples from New Bian River near the city of Suzhou in northern Anhui Province, China, were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry for As, Cr, Pb, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, and Ni. Geoaccumulation indices (Igeo) were used to assess the influence of human activities. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were also performed. The geoaccumulation indices were in the order of As > Cu > Cr > Ni > Mn > Zn > Pb > Fe, the first four of which had values above 0.5. We considered New Bian River to be moderately contaminated with As, Cr, Cu, and Ni. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis indicated that the presence of Fe, Cu, Ni, Mn, Zn, and Pb in New Bian River was caused by soil or rock weathering, whereas the elevated levels of As and Cr depended upon urban, agricultural, and industrial factors. The sampling stations around the towns were dominated by Component 2 (As and Cr), and the sampling stations that distributed along New Bian River were dominated by Component 1 (Fe, Cu, Ni, Mn, Zn, and Pb). 相似文献
15.
16.
In this paper we are presenting the concentrations and the distributions of trace metals (Fe, Ni, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn) in the coastal area of the Ligurian Sea between Capo Noli and Capo Mele. Fifty-six samples were subjected to textural, organic carbon and chemical analyses. Three different extraction methods were used: 1N NH2OH.HCl plus 25% CH3COOH, nitric acid solution, and total attack with HClO4-HF mixture. The solutions were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results obtained confirm that the extraction methods which are most informative for environmental purposes are the cold or the easily extractable metal techniques. The results also show that for the study area the concentrations of Fe, Ni, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn do not indicate traces of anthropogenic inputs. 相似文献
17.
This study aims to determine the status of potentially toxic element concentrations of road dust in a medium-sized city (Rawang, Malaysia). This study adopts source identification via enrichment factor, Pearson correlation analysis, and Fourier spectral analysis to identify sources of potentially toxic element concentrations in road dust in Rawang City, Malaysia. Health risk assessment was conducted to determine potential health risks (carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks) among adults and children via multiple pathways (i.e., ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation). Mean of potentially toxic element concentrations were found in the order of Pb > Zn > Cr(IV) > Cu > Ni > Cd > As > Co. Source identification revealed that Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cr(IV) are associated with anthropogenic sources in industrial and highly populated areas in northern and southern Rawang, cement factories in southern Rawang, as well as the rapid development and population growth in northwestern Rawang, which have resulted in high traffic congestion. Cobalt, Fe, and As are related to geological background and lithologies in Rawang. Pathway orders for both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks are ingestion, dermal contact, and inhalation, involving adults and children. Non-carcinogenic health risks in adults were attributed to Cr(IV), Pb, and Cd, whereas Cu, Cd, Cr(IV), Pb, and Zn were found to have non-carcinogenic health risks for children. Cd, Cr(IV), Pb, and As may induce carcinogenic risks in adults and children, and the total lifetime cancer risk values exceeded incremental lifetime. 相似文献
18.
Concentrations of Fe, Mn, Cu, dissolved organic matter (DOM), and pH were synthesized from 30 publications to determine the
factors regulating concentrations and behavior of metals in freshwater systems. Results from the review suggest that contrasting
watershed land use can directly (erosion and runoff) and indirectly (in-lake processes including metal–DOM–pH interactions)
affect the metal concentrations in freshwater systems. Among the watershed land uses considered here, concentrations of Fe,
Mn, and Cu were observed in the following order: arctic lakes < forested < agricultural < urbanized < mined. A drastic difference
in mean metal concentrations has been observed when undisturbed or low impact watersheds (arctic and forested) were changed
by agricultural, urban, and mining developments. Relationships between metal concentrations and pH revealed that metals precipitate
at high pH (pH > 5). Additionally, at pH < 5, metal concentrations were significantly correlated with DOM due to metal–DOM
complexation. High ratios of metal: DOM occur only at low DOM concentrations. Collectively, two general conclusions can be
drawn from this review. First, lakes, rivers, and streams with urbanized watersheds are the most susceptible to increased
concentrations of metals. Secondly, these results also suggest that regardless of high or low DOM in the water column, pH
would affect metal concentrations in freshwater systems. Nonetheless, free metal ions would be higher in freshwater systems
with acidic water and low DOM. 相似文献
19.
K. K. Nkongolo R. Narendrula-Kotha K. Kalubi S. Rainville P. Michael 《Chemistry and Ecology》2017,33(9):795-806
Nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu) are the most prevalent metals found in the Greater Sudbury Region ecosystems. The main objectives of this study are to (1) assess silver maple (Acer saccharinum) tolerance to different doses of Ni and (2) determine the translocation pattern of metals in A. sacharinum. This study revealed that A. sacharinum is highly tolerant to high doses of NI (1600 and 9200?mg/kg). Growth chamber screening trials revealed that Ni is stored in roots and does not translocate to other plant parts. Analysis of samples from A. sacharinum growing for >30 years in soil contaminated with metals also showed that the levels of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), Ni, and zinc (Zn) were significantly higher in roots compared with soils and aerial parts. On the other hand, the amount of Cu was higher in soil compared with roots and other plant parts. In fact, the bioaccumulation factors (BFs) were 0.29, 2.00, 3.6, 1.9, and 4.0 for Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn, respectively. The translocation from roots to aerial parts showed an insignificant level of movement of Cu, Fe, and Ni. Hence, A. saccharinum is classified as excluder for Fe, Mn, Ni, and Zn, and avoider for Cu. 相似文献
20.
A polyvinylidene fluoride-based membrane bearing the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid chelating group was employed to recover Cu(II) from the Cu(II)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid complex aqueous solution. Effects of Ca(II), Fe(II), and Fe(III) on Cu(II) uptake were investigated by static batch adsorption tests and dynamic adsorption filtration. Isotherms, kinetics, and breakthrough curves of Cu(II) uptakes in the presence of the three cations at concentrations of 1 mmol L?1 were elucidated. The three cations showed a positive effect on the Cu(II) uptake; the stimulative roles were in the order of Fe(III) > Fe(II) > Ca(II). They did not alter the adsorption behavior of the membrane; adsorption isotherms and kinetics could be described by Langmuir and Lagergren second-order models, and Cu(II) adsorption was a spontaneous and exothermic process. The presence of Ca(II), Fe(II), and Fe(III) increased the sorption capacity of the membrane stack by 1.3, 1.9, and 3 times. Breakthrough time and the exhaustion time of membrane stacks were also extended. 相似文献