关于地震灾后过渡性安置和恢复重建 《防震减灾法》解读

<正>(四)明确了地震灾后恢复重建实施的要求、遵循的原则、善后处置、强化服务等方面的内容。1.本法第七十条规定了地震灾后恢复重建的原则、城市、乡村恢复重建的原则以及少数民族聚居地方恢复重建的特殊要求。地震灾后恢复重建中的统筹安排基础设施和市政公用设施、公共服务设施,以及住房和无障碍设施的建设总原则,是由政府的职     

自然灾害灾后重建技术及实践的研究进展

灾后重建是在灾害体发生之时及发生之后,采取应急救援、灾害管理,以及灾后评估、救助、规划等一系列过程,是一个典型的系统工程,可划分为前期应急重建、中期恢复重建及后期发展重建3部分。以自然灾害为主要研究对象,在分析中外关于灾后重建文献的基础之上,归纳了灾后重建的系统特征,介绍了灾后重建技术和实践的研究进展。灾后重建技术包括灾害分类分级、应急救援、灾后评估、灾害管理和重建规划5个方面,灾后重建实践研究分为地震、飓风、洪水和海啸4个方面,并对中外的灾后重建研究发展进行了展望。     

地震灾后恢复重建的后评价框架体系研究

地震灾后恢复重建的后评价研究是将后评价理论与地震灾后恢复重建相结合的研究。在各国灾后重建经验基础上,提出灾后重建后评价的框架体系。该框架包括工程项目后评价、经济效益后评价、社会效果后评价、生态环境可持续性后评价、人文建设后评价和应急能力后评价等6个方面,这6个方面相互关联且涉及的评价内容错综复杂,因此利用解释结构模型对其进行定量结构分析,并加以定性的描述。研究结果表明,震灾重建要以人为本,以生态环境可持续发展为长远目标,通过对工程项目投资拉动灾区经济的增长,重建效果直接表现为社会和谐和应急能力加强。     

《防震减灾法》解读 关于地震灾后过渡性安置和恢复重建

地震灾后过渡性安置和恢复重建指地震灾害发生之后的过渡性安置、恢复生产、重建家园以及善后工作等活动。地震灾后过渡性安置和恢复重建是防震减灾的一个重要环节,对减轻地震灾害有着十分重要的意义。     

关于地震灾后过渡性安置和恢复重建(《防震减灾法》解读)

<正>三、完善了地震灾后恢复重建制度(一)强化了政府对地震灾后恢复重建工作的领导、组织和协调职能。本法第六十四条规定了各级人民政府及其有关部门在恢复重建工作的职责。灾后恢复重建是一项十分紧迫、复杂、艰巨的任务,必须举全社会之力,组织各有关部门,共同努力,才能有力、有序、有效地做好,这就要求政府必须加强领     

基于AHP法的地震灾后恢复重建民用建筑工程施工质量控制模型

为了提高地震灾后恢复重建民用建筑工程施工质量控制效果,设计一个基于AHP法的灾后恢复重建民用建筑工程施工质量控制模型.从抗震能力、节能等方面进行考虑,建立了灾后恢复重建民用建筑工程施工质量评价体系,采用层次分析法计算指标权重并进行一致性检验,对施工质量进行评价,根据评价结果确定需要控制项目的优先级,从而对具体对象进行质...     

汶川地震灾后重建的岩土工程问题探讨

在对5.12汶川地震灾区大量次生地质灾害实地考察调查的基础上,总结了次生地质灾害发育分布的特点,探讨了灾后重建的岩土工程问题。此次地震引发的次生地质灾害主要有崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、堰塞湖等;次生地质灾害的发育分布与地震烈度相一致,与断裂带密切相关,并形成崩塌、滑坡→泥石流或崩塌、滑坡→堰塞湖→泥石流灾害链。灾后重建必须注重建设场地工程地质条件的研究、科学规划选址,合理避让地质灾害高风险地段;对重点高陡边坡灾害须进行必要的岩土工程加固,山区建筑地基基础设计应符合相关要求,要尽量减少对地质环境的扰动,预防工程诱发灾害。研究结果可为灾区岩土工程减灾防灾以及灾后重建提供参考。     

基于国内外灾害经济研究与管理实践的启示

中外学者从不同视域对灾害经济与管理问题进行了研究,形成了一些有代表性的观点。各国政府在防灾减灾、灾后重建等方面也积累了大量的经验。这些观点和经验为我们深入研究灾害管理机制奠定了基础,结合汶川8.0级地震导致的惨重损失及灾后重建出现的问题,阐述了构建我国以人为本的灾害管理机制和可持续重建地震灾区的基本对策。     

关于地震灾后过渡性安置

地震灾后过渡性安置和恢复重建指地震灾害发生之后的过渡性安置、恢复生产、重建家园以及善后工作等活动。地震灾后过渡性安置和恢复重建是防震减灾的一个重要环节,对减轻地震灾害有着十分重要的意义。修订后的《防震减灾法》建立和完善了相关法律制度,进一步增强了我国防震减灾能力。     

重大自然灾害灾后重建区旅游项目评价及韧性建设研究

积极开展重大自然灾害灾后重建区旅游项目评价对提升灾后重建管理水平具有重要意义。该研究通过对汶川地震重灾区绵阳市灾后恢复重建旅游项目开展评价,结合“重建得更好”理念提出灾害多发地区旅游业韧性发展路径。研究发现：(1)结合灾区实际和数据局限性,灾区恢复重建项目后评价可依据恢复重建项目完工情况与投资完成情况来综合确定。评价得出绵阳市城乡建设项目实施情况评价等级为良好,其中历史文化遗产与风景名胜区项目恢复重建实施情况相对较差;(2)汶川地震灾后恢复重建中通过制定政策保障,提升配套服务功能,创新营销模式等途径振兴旅游产业,但由于特色旅游资源多处于复杂地质环境区域、灾后救援资源局限以及次生灾害影响促使恢复重建的效果降低。(3)结合“重建得更好”理念提出从旅游规划、结构韧性、防灾减灾、经济与生计、社会与心理、体制机制、法律规章、监测评估八个方面构建旅游业韧性发展路径。为实现灾害多发地区旅游产业的可持续发展,需要分析不同产业间的内在联系,以便通过旅游产业的发展振兴带动灾区社会经济的改善,提升灾后重建的整体质量。     

Housing reconstruction after two major earthquakes: the 1994 Northridge earthquake in the United States and the 1999 Chi-Chi earthquake in Taiwan

The idea of pre-impact recovery planning has recently been promoted by researchers and practitioners, but very little research has been done to evaluate its effects on disaster recovery. This study compared two jurisdictions — the city of Los Angeles, California and Taichung county in Taiwan — in their recovery from earthquakes. Although the two cases also differ with respect to variables other than the presence of pre-impact recovery plans, the available data suggest that having a pre-impact recovery plan facilitates housing reconstruction and allows local officials to make more effective use of the window of opportunity after disaster to integrate hazard mitigation into the recovery process.     

粮食基础设施震后恢复重建关键问题研究

在对汶川8.0级地震后绵阳市粮食基础设施破坏情况调研的基础上,提出恢复与发展并重、粮食基础设施节点与网络并行、推进行业整合和信息化的建设思路,规划了绵阳市灾后恢复重建的维修保障和重建发展项目,并对规划实施效果进行了经济和社会效益分析。     

A policymaking perspective on disaster risk reduction in Mozambique

Academics and practitioners alike emphasise that public policy plays a key role to support efforts to reduce disaster risks and to buffer the impacts of natural hazards when they occur. This involves developing public policies to promote disaster risk reduction (DRR). However, the public policy dimension has only recently begun to receive attention in empirical research on DRR. Processes of policy change are discussed, yet less often studied, and more empirical research is needed to advance the understanding of the conditions for DRR policy change. Combining insights from adaptation research and public policy theory, this study investigates the long-term development of DRR policy in Mozambique as perceived by multiple stakeholders. The study identifies barriers and enabling factors influencing the DRR policy process over time. Using data from 37 semi-structured interviews, the study finds six main enabling factors supporting DRR policy change. Among the most important enabling factors are past disasters and broad stakeholder involvement. The study also unveils several barriers to DRR policy change, including resource insufficiency and lack of coordination among stakeholders. The study concludes with suggestions for integrating DRR and policy process research and lessons for policymaking in support of DRR over time.     

中国洪水灾后恢复重建行动与理论探讨

基于中国洪水灾后恢复重建的实践 ,总结了中国洪灾灾后恢复重建的结构体系 ,并依此讨论了洪水灾后恢复重建的若干理论和实践问题。文章指出 ,应明确洪水灾后恢复重建与备灾和防灾的关系 ,并提出了洪水灾后恢复重建的结构体系与程序。     

Microfinance institutions and a coastal community's disaster risk reduction,response, and recovery process: a case study of Hatiya,Bangladesh

Several researchers have examined the role of microfinance institutions (MFIs) in poverty alleviation, but the part that they play in disaster risk reduction remains unaddressed. Through an empirical study of Hatiya Island, one of the most vulnerable coastal communities of Bangladesh, this research evaluates perceptions of MFI support for the disaster risk reduction, response, and recovery process. The findings reveal no change in relation to risk reduction and income and occupation aspects for more than one‐half of the clients of MFIs. In addition, only 26 per cent of them have witnessed less damage as a result of being members of MFIs. One can argue, though, that the longer the membership time period the better the disaster preparedness, response, and recovery process. The outcomes of this study could help to guide the current efforts of MFIs to enhance the ability of coastal communities to prepare for and to recover from disasters efficiently and effectively.     

Community social capital and individual functioning in the post‐disaster context

Disasters can have severe and long‐lasting consequences for individuals and communities. While scholarly evidence indicates that access to social support can ameliorate their negative impacts, less understood is whether or not neighbourhood social capital can facilitate recovery. This study uses two waves of survey data—collected before and after a significant flood in Brisbane, Australia, in 2011—to examine the relationship between the severity of the event at the individual and neighbourhood level, access to neighbourhood social capital and individual‐level social support, and functioning in the post‐disaster environment. In line with previous research, the results indicate that the severity of the flood is the most salient predictor of post‐disaster functioning. No evidence was unearthed to show that neighbourhood social capital amassed before the flood leads to better functioning subsequently, but the findings do suggest that individual‐level social support can moderate the effect of flood severity on functioning.     

Towards an earthquake-resilient world: from post-disaster reconstruction to pre-disaster prevention

ABSTRACT

Destructive earthquakes in urban or rural areas around the world have caused severe damage to local societies. Pre-disaster prevention and post-disaster reconstruction can significantly reduce the impact of earthquakes on communities. To explore the popular research topics and trends in this area, CiteSpace was used to develop a knowledge map visualization. It was found that the main research into earthquake disaster prevention and reconstruction has been focused on disaster risk reduction planning, disaster mitigation knowledge, participatory disaster governance, and community resilience building. In this Special Issue, there were six distinctive earthquake disaster research papers that covered scientific, social, and institutional aspects. It was concluded that to reduce the effects of earthquake disasters, an interdisciplinary research approach and systems thinking is needed. The investigation also revealed that there has been a paradigm shift from post-disaster reconstruction to pre-disaster prevention to build community and urban resilience.     

基于相空间重构和独立分量分析的火灾预测

利用非线性动力学的相空间重构理论和独立分量分析,结合非线性支持向量回归,提出了火灾起数时间序列预测方法。首先用时间延迟法和独立分量分析重构系统的相空间来反映火灾起数时间序列的内在变化规律,然后再用非线性支持向量回归来构建预测模型。仿真结果表明该预测方法具有较高的预测精度。     

Reconstruction under siege: the Gaza Strip since 2007

This paper examines the siege of the Gaza Strip, a self-governing Palestinian territory, since 2007. Research on sieges tends to concentrate on the coping strategies of besieged communities, humanitarian issues associated with the impacts, humanitarian access, and the prioritisation of needs, with little or no attention paid to reconstruction. However, Gaza is unusual as a siege environment within which reconstruction has become a high priority in the aftermath of its three destructive wars with Israel. Following an overview of research on sieges in contemporary warfare and a brief contextualisation of Gaza, this paper examines why reconstruction outcomes have varied over time through the application of a theoretical framework that stipulates the importance of four key factors: time; needs; scarcity; and political context. Based on an analysis of these variables, Gaza was found to be a most-likely case for reconstruction under siege. Nonetheless, the large-scale reconstruction necessary to transform Gaza has not been actualised.     

Unanticipated repercussions of international disaster relief

Following the Peruvian earthquake of May 1970, the devastated provincial town of Huarez received massive amounts of disaster relief aid. The reconstruction process rapidly transformed the economic and social structure of the community by causing a shortlived boom which raised the expectations of the population. Once the relief agencies withdrew, the demand for goods and services fell sharply and the people were forced to readjust to a less prosperous life. It also appeared that their capacity to respond to future disasters had not been significantly unproved. This case study highlights the need for research into the long term consequences of disaster relief.