RAPD技术在疣荔枝螺性畸变机理方面研究中的应用

用40个随机引物对汕头海湾疣荔枝螺雄性、雌性及性畸变不同阶段个体进行RAPD-PCR扩增。结果有10个随机引 物能扩增出清晰条带,一共扩增出170条片段,其中差异性片段40条。结果表明,差异性片段的出现与有机锡的污染具有一定 的相关性,有机锡的存在已经引起了疣荔枝螺遗传物质DNA的变化,且这种变化是随机的。     

性畸变疣荔枝螺体内总蛋白和酯酶同工酶的比较研究

通过运用统计学和垂直板型凝胶电泳(PAGE)的方法.对受三丁基锡污染的海洋腹足类动物疣荔枝螺群体的性畸变率(101)和种群的性别比例(SR)进行统计计算,并且对疣荔枝螺雄性、雌性及性畸变个体体内的总蛋白、酯酶同工酶进行研究.结果表明.三丁基锡污染能导致疣荔枝螺群体的101大幅度提高,SR减小.同时,总蛋白电泳和酯酶同丁酶结果显示,性畸变螺体体内蛋白表达量和酯酶活性趋向于与雄螺螺体相近,提示三丁基锡是导致雌性疣荔枝螺发生性畸变的主要原因,并且在蛋白表达水平上对性畸变螺体产生严重影响,使其蛋白表达量和酯酶活性趋向于与雄螺螺体相近.     

用疣荔枝螺性畸变监测海洋有机锡污染的方法初探

选取我国沿海广泛分布的疣荔枝螺为海洋有机锡污染的指示种 ,对疣荔枝螺性畸变的调查方法、分析方法和性畸变程度评价指标等作了初步探讨 ,并以厦门港疣荔枝螺性畸变的调查结果为例讨论了疣荔枝螺性畸变在海洋有机锡污染生物监测中的具体应用 ,以期建立我国海洋有机锡污染的生物监测体系。     

性畸变疣荔枝螺体内保护酶系统活力的研究

以疣荔枝螺（Thais clavigera）为研究材料,取不同程度性畸变雌性个体,以生存于同一生境中的雄性个体为对照,检测了性畸变个体与正常雌性和雄性超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脂质过氧化物（LPO）及过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性的差异,探讨TBT对性畸变个体SOD、LPO及CAT活性的影响。结果表明,疣荔枝螺性畸变程度愈严重,以上生化指标的差异愈明显,并呈现一定的规律性。     

厦门海域疣荔枝螺(Thais clavigera)体内有机锡化合物含量与分布特征

采用戊基化格式衍生法,GC-FPD分析了厦门港周边海域9个小岛屿分布的疣荔枝螺(Thais clavigera)体内3种丁基锡化合物(butyltins)和3种苯基锡化合物(phenyltins)的存在形态与分布特征.结果表明,丁基锡化合物总浓度(ΣBTs)为0.3～70.6ng.g-1,平均值为28.8ng.g-1,以一丁基锡化合物(MBT)为主.苯基锡化合物总浓度(ΣPhTs)为nd～18.8ng.g-1,平均值为7.9ng.g-1,以三苯基锡化合物为主.厦门港周边海域以丁基锡化合物为主要污染物,占到总有机锡化合物(ΣOTs)的74.3%～96.8%.疣荔枝螺体内(ΣBTs)和(ΣPhTs)呈现从厦门港内到港外逐渐降低的趋势.疣荔枝螺体内TBT和TPhT的浓度显示良好的相关关系(R2=0.7109,p0.01),说明TPhT和TBT来源趋同,即来源于船舶防污涂料,或水产养殖污染源.与我国东南沿海港口相比,厦门海域疣荔枝螺体内丁基锡化合物的污染处于一个较低水平但比2002年有所加重.     

一种水质污染生物监测的新方法——蝌蚪肠细胞染色体畸变分析

发展了一种水生脊椎动物蝌蚪肠细胞染色体畸变的分析方法,可作为诱变剂污染水源的早期报警系统。该方法的优点:1)灵敏度高;2)蝌蚪在我国分布广、数量多、捕捉方便、费用低、易饲养管理。尤其是蝌蚪的核型由22条大的中部和亚中部着丝点染色体所组成,适于毒理遗传学研究;3)蝌蚪具有转化前诱变剂或前致癌剂为活性成份的微粒体活化系统。     

平阳霉素三种成分诱发CHO-K1细胞株染色体畸变和姐妹染色单体交换的研究

本文报道平阳霉素(Pingyangmycin,PYM)的三种成分A_2、A_5和A_6诱发CHO-K1细胞染色体畸变和姐妹染色单体交换(SCEs)。处理后第一次分裂中期染色体型畸变占优势,其中有大量的染色体碎裂(Disintegration),在含染色体碎裂的细胞中三分之一伴随出现双微体(Double minutes,DMs)。细胞畸变的频率随处理浓度升高而增加。 处理后第二次分裂中期,细胞畸变的频率仍随处理试剂浓度增加而升高,SCEs频率随处理浓度升高而递增。 上述三种成分诱发染色休畸变的类型没有质的差异。     

两级串联卧螺离心机用于飞灰水洗料浆固液分离试验研究

采用两级串联卧螺离心机对飞灰水洗料浆进行现场固液分离试验,研究了转鼓转速、差转速和溢流半径等对分离效果的影响,选择并确定了合适的操作参数,通过长时间连续运行试验,分离后平均泥饼含水率为39.8%,平均滤液含渣率为0.6%,平均固相回收率达98.1%,分离效果明显优于真空过滤机,且卧螺离心机运行平稳,未出现异常,因此两级串联卧螺离心机可完全代替真空过滤机。     

不同粒径大气颗粒物几种重金属成分分析及其致突变性研究

采集冬季太原市一采样点不同粒径大气颗粒物,经分析,总悬浮颗粒物日均浓度为1.04mg/m~3,严重超标。其中粒径小于7.0μm的占49.6％,小于3.3μm的占33.5％。颗粒物无机提取液中5种金属元素的浓度由高到低依次为Pb、Mn、Cr、Ni和Cd。每一种元素均呈随颗粒物粒径减小浓度增高的趋势。以SOS显色法和小鼠体内骨髓细胞染色体畸变试验检测颗粒物的无机提取液和模拟肺泡液溶出液的遗传毒性,表明小粒径颗粒物遗传毒性较强;小于1.1μm的颗粒物,仅用相当于5m~3或10m~3空气量的样品液,即可诱发SOS反应或致染色体损伤。     

Rapid fetal karyotype from cystic hygroma and pleural effusions

Fluid from pleural effusion (n=2) and cystic hygroma (n=7) was obtained from eight fetuses, between 13 and 32 weeks of pregnancy at the time when a conventional prenatal diagnosis procedure was carried out. As these fluids contain lymphocytes, they were processed like peripheral blood. A karyotype was obtained in 4 days in both cases of pleural effusion and in four out of seven samples of cystic hygroma. An abnormal karyotype was detected in three of the four samples of cystic hygroma: two trisomies 21 and a monosomy X. Different parameters were evaluated in order to predict the feasibility of obtaining a cytogenetic diagnosis. Our data showed that if the amount of fluid obtained was ⩾4 ml and the initial lymphocyte count (ILC) was >0.2 × 10⁶ cells/ml, a cytogenetic diagnosis was possible from an initial concentration of cultured lymphocytes )ICCL) of >0.06 × 10⁶ cells/ml.     

Complete karyotype discrepancy between placental and fetal cells in a case of ring chromosome 18

A case of complete karyotype discrepancy between cultured chorionic villi and amniotic in addition to fetal cells is reported. Ring chromosome 18 and monosomy 18 mosaicism was detected after amniocentesis. The pregnancy was terminated in the 23rd gestational week. Cytogenetic analysis of cultured umbilical cord tissue after termination confirmed the finding of ring chromosome 18/monosomy 18 mosaicism. In cultured umbilical blood lymphocytes monosomic cells 45,-18 were not detected and the karyotype was 46,XY,r(18). In contrast, short-term and long-term cultured chorionic villi showed a normal male karyotype of 46,XY. Ultrasonographic examination revealed amniotic band syndrome and scoliosis in the caudal region of the spine. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Identification of a small supernumerary marker chromosome,r(2)(p10q11.2), and the problem of determining prognosis

The identification of small supernumerary marker chromosomes (SMCs) and the elucidation of their clinical significance remain two of the problems in classical human cytogenetics. We observed a small supernumerary ring in amniotic fluid cell cultures and identified its origin as r(2)(p10q11.2) and its extent by means of fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH). Uniparental disomy (UPD) was excluded by microsatellite analysis using polymorphic markers localised in the same region. On the basis of normal ultrasonographic checks, the patient decided to continue the pregnancy. A normal female was delivered at term and subsequent neonatal follow-ups confirmed the normal phenotype and development. In the present case, genetic counselling was not helpful because of the absence of reference cases. Detailed characterisation made it possible to correlate the normal baby phenotype with the trisomic 2p10-2q11.2 genomic region. Further molecular cytogenetic investigations of SMCs classified by DNA content and pregnancy outcome data should improve genetic counselling and risk evaluation. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An accessory marker derived from chromosome 20 and its co-existence with a mosaic trisomy 20 cell line

We report a 16-month-old boy with delayed psychomotor development, dysmorphic features, and failure to thrive. He had a mosaic karyotype detected prenatally: mos 46,XY/47,XY,+r(20)/47,XY,+20. After birth, the abnormal cell lines were confirmed in a number of tissues. The small ring chromosome was identified using fluorescence in situ hybridization as derived from chromosome 20. We compared our patient with previously reported cases of mosaic trisomy 20 detected prenatally and associated with an abnormal phenotype. In an attempt to characterize an r(20) syndrome, we also compared our case with two similar reports in the literature.