EDTA和BR对黑麦草铅积累与耐性的调控作用

通过盆栽试验研究了乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)与植物生长调节剂芸苔素内酯(BR)单施或配施对Pb胁迫条件下黑麦草生长、生理特性及铅富集与转运特征的影响.结果表明,叶面喷施0.05~0.1 mg·L~(-1)的BR提高了黑麦草地上部Pb含量与积累量、植株干重、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、酸溶性巯基(SH)和络合素(PCs)含量.单施2.5 mmol·kg-1EDTA对黑麦草生长没有显著影响,但显著提高了植株Pb含量和积累量;EDTA与BR配施处理中,随着BR浓度的升高,地上部Pb含量与积累量、转移系数和富集系数随之提高,生物量则没有显著变化;叶面喷施0.1 mg·L~(-1)的BR配合根施2.5 mmol·kg~(-1)的EDTA,可使地上部Pb积累量提高8.79倍.BR单施在提高Pb积累的同时,通过提高SH和PCs含量来提高其对Pb的耐性;BR与EDTA配施处理则在进一步提高黑麦草对Pb的富集与转移能力的同时,通过提高As A含量来提高其对Pb胁迫的耐性.     

一株铅镉抗性菌株WS34的生物学特性及其对植物修复铅镉污染土壤的强化作用

从土壤样品中筛选出一株对碳酸铅、碳酸镉活化能力最强的铅镉抗性细菌WS34,并研究其生物学特性.经生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析,菌株WS34被鉴定为伯克霍尔德氏菌属(Burkholderia sp.WS34).菌株WS34对多种重金属和抗生素具有抗性,具有溶磷、分泌吲哚乙酸、产生铁载体和ACC脱氨酶的能力,并对温度、pH、盐浓度具有一定耐受性.利用盆栽试验研究了菌株WS34、EDTA及EDTA和WS34复合3种处理下对印度芥菜和油菜生长及富集铅镉能力的影响.结果表明,菌株WS34能促进供试植物生长,使印度芥菜和油菜的干重分别比对照增加21.4%～76.3%和18.0%～236%,铅镉积累量比对照增加9.0%～46.4%和13.9%～329%,且油菜中的增加量大于印度芥菜.EDTA能使印度芥菜和油菜的铅镉积累量比对照分别增加25.1%～475%和10.1%～84.5%.0.5mmol·kg-1EDTA 菌株WS34的复合处理下,植物的重金属吸收量与EDTA处理相当甚至高于EDTA处理.     

模拟酸雨和Pb复合污染对芥菜型油菜的生理特性和Pb富集的影响

通过盆栽试验研究了模拟酸雨（pH分别为3.5、4.5、5.6）和Pb(0~2000 mg·kg-1）复合污染对芥菜型油菜紫叶芥的生理特性和Pb富集的影响.结果表明,在酸雨和Pb复合污染下,紫叶芥生物量和叶绿素含量均有不同程度的下降,叶和根中的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性随着Pb含量和酸雨强度的增加是先升后降,脯氨酸含量随着Pb含量和酸雨强度的增加而升高.芥菜型油菜以通过调节抗氧化酶系统和提高脯氨酸含量来应对酸雨和重金属胁迫,芥菜型油菜对酸雨和Pb的复合污染有很强的耐受能力.芥菜型油菜根和地上部分Pb含量随Pb处理含量水平的增大而增加,其中,根对Pb的富集能力大于地上部分,酸雨能够促进芥菜型油菜对Pb的吸收.因此,在酸雨地区可以选用芥菜型油菜作为Pb污染土壤的修复植物.     

Cd-Cu-Pb复合污染对芥菜吸收Cd、Cu和Pb及矿质元素的影响

以十字花科的芥菜为材料,通过室内盆栽均匀设计试验,研究了Cd-Cu-Pb复合污染下芥菜对重金属的吸收转运特点以及对矿质元素吸收的影响. 结果表明:3种重金属在芥菜体内积累能力为Cd＞Cu＞Pb;芥菜对Pb、Cd有较强耐性,对高浓度Cu耐性不强. 土壤中重金属的含量是影响芥菜各部分重金属含量的主要因素之一;Cd可抑制芥菜对Pb的吸收和转移,促进Cu向芥菜地上部转移;Cd-Pb复合效应促进了Cd在芥菜体内累积;Cu抑制芥菜吸收Pb;Cu-Pb可促进Cd抑制Cu在芥菜各部的积累. 与对照相比,复合污染显著降低了芥菜对矿质元素的吸收累积,各处理芥菜对Mg、Fe和K的吸收转移特点显示出相似的规律,即地上部w(Mg)远大于地下部而w(Fe)和w(K)为地下部占优. Cd可极大促进芥菜对K的吸收而抑制对Fe的吸收,Cu则阻碍地下部对K的吸收;Cu与Cd-Pb复合效应可抑制K向地上部转移.      

铅胁迫对小麦幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

通过营养液培养实验,研究小麦幼苗在遭受铅胁迫后,地上部及根系抗氧化酶活性的变化.试验表明:小麦幼苗受到铅胁迫后,地上部及根系的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均显著增加,根系中过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性也比对照有所增加,但不如SOD酶变化剧烈,表明SOD酶活性是比较敏感的生物指标(biomarker).但是,小麦幼苗地上部及根系的丙二醛(MDA)含量仍均比对照显著升高,表明小麦幼苗的膜系统受到了一定程度的破坏.试验同时还反映出,铅胁迫对小麦幼苗根系的影响远远强于地上部.     

3-吲哚乙酸协同螯合剂强化植物提取重金属的研究

螯合剂的潜在环境风险以及重金属/金属螯合物对植物的胁迫作用是限制重金属污染土壤的螯合诱导植物提取技术应用的2个主要障碍.以玉米为试验材料进行室内盆栽,通过添加螯合剂EDTA和氨三乙酸（NTA）进行螯合诱导植物提取研究,并以植物激素3-吲哚乙酸（IAA）来缓解重金属对植物的胁迫作用.结果表明,EDTA&IAA处理玉米地上部生物量比EDTA处理增加40.0％,地上部Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb累积量分别增加27.0％、26.8％、27.5％和32.8％;NTA&IAA处理玉米地上部生物量比NTA处理增加29.9％,地上部Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb累积量分别增加31.8％、27.6％、17.0％和26.9％.结果表明,IAA能缓解重金属/螯合剂的植物毒性,促进植物根系伸长,增加植物生物量,协同螯合剂促进植物对重金属的吸收、转运和积累,显著提高植物提取效率.     

Cd-Pb-Cu复合污染对芥菜生长及生理特性的影响

我国农业土壤Cd,Cu和Pb污染严重,威胁食品安全. 该研究以十字花科植物芥菜为试验材料,通过盆栽均匀设计试验,探讨了重金属Cd,Cu和Pb及其交互作用对芥菜生长及生理特性的影响. 结果表明:Cd-Cu-Pb复合效应显著抑制了芥菜的生长,地下部受损伤程度大于地上部,并且抑制w(叶绿素),叶绿素a对复合污染更为敏感;Cu-Pb复合效应对芥菜生长的抑制作用远大于其他因素,有利于提高w(叶绿素),Cd是导致w(叶绿素)降低的主要因素. w(Cu)低于200 mg/kg时,芥菜叶片SOD酶活性显著高于对照(P<0.05),反之,SOD酶活性急剧下降,丙二醛(MDA)与脯氨酸大量积累.      

玉米幼苗对镉、菲单一与复合污染的生理生化响应

通过室内盆栽实验研究了玉米幼苗在镉、菲污染胁迫14 d后的生理生化响应,并探讨了镉、菲单一与复合污染对玉米幼苗的毒性效应及其致毒机制.结果表明,单一镉(0～50 mg/kg)污染时,镉处理对玉米幼苗地上部分和根系生物量以及可溶性蛋白都无显著影响;随镉处理浓度的增加,玉米幼苗叶片SOD酶活性表现为先增加后降低的趋势,而P...     

印度芥菜和油菜互作对各自吸收土壤中难溶态镉的影响

在石灰性土壤加入CdCO3条件下 ,通过温室土培盆栽试验研究印度芥菜和油菜互作对各自吸收土壤中难溶态镉的影响 .试验结果表明 ,印度芥菜和油菜互作时 ,印度芥菜对养分的竞争能力强 ,地上部干重高于单作时的 ;而与之互作的油菜由于根际土壤溶液中的有效态镉含量增加或对养分的竞争能力弱 ,地上部干重低于单作时的 .印度芥菜的根系有很强的活化能力 ,和油菜互作时可提高植物提取修复难溶态镉污染土壤的能力 ,和单作相比 ,互作对印度芥菜吸收镉的能力无显著影响 ,但却可以显著增加油菜植株体内的镉含量 ,在土壤相同镉量的条件下 ,印度芥菜和油菜互作时植株的吸镉量和对土壤的净化率均高于单作     

环境科学基础理论

环境化学X131200702143可溶性有机物和pH值对铅的毒性和生物可利用性的影响/郑淑云(天津理工大学生物与化学工程学院)…∥农业环境科学学报/中国农业生态环保协会.-2006,25(6).-1413~1418环图X-15采用芥菜发芽试验研究了柠檬酸(CA)、苹果酸(MA)、草酸(OA)、乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、二乙烯三胺五乙酸(DPTA)、腐植酸(HA)和土壤提取液(A)对Pb2+的毒性和生物可利用性的影响.结果表明,低分子量有机酸柠檬酸和苹果酸降低了Pb2+的毒性,但增加了Pb2+的生物可利用性,低浓度乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、草酸(OA)和二乙烯三胺五乙酸(DTPA)均降低了P…     

Joint enhancement of lead accumulation in Brassica plants by EDTA and ammonium sulfate in sand culture

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＨｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓｌｅａｄｔｏｌｏｎｇ ｔｅｒｍｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｙｃａｎｎｏｔｂｅｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｌｙｄｅｇｒａｄｅｄａｎｄｈａｖｅｌｏｗｐｒｏｐｏｒｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｏｌｕｂｌｅｓｐｅｃｉａｔｉｏｎ .Ｉｔｉｓｗｅｌｌｄｏｃｕｍｅｎｔｅｄｔｈａｔｃｈｅｌａｔｉｎｇａｇｅｎｔｓａｒｅａｂｌｅｔｏｄｉｓｌｏｄｇｅａｄｓｏｒｂｅｄｈｅａｖｙｍｅｔａｌｓ,ｌｅａｄｉｎｇｔｏｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｉｎｔｈｅｉｒｓｏｌｕｂｉｌｉｔｙａｎｄｂ…     

水分管理和外源硒对水稻吸收累积铅的影响

通过盆栽试验,研究了不同水分管理和外源亚硒酸盐的添加对水稻根际铅的动态变化和水稻吸收累积铅的影响.结果表明,淹水显著增加了根表铁膜对铅的吸附和根系对铅的吸收,淹水下苗期和成熟期水稻根系铅含量分别是非淹水处理时的4.2~8.5和1.4~1.5倍;淹水降低了地上部的铅分配,在苗期和成熟期分别降低85.9%~86.7%和51.8%~74.0%.加硒降低了土壤溶液、苗期水稻根系和地上部的铅含量以及成熟期水稻根表铁膜、根系和茎中的铅含量.与对照相比,淹水和非淹水下加硒处理使苗期水稻根系铅含量分别降低了5.4%~24.3%和2.7%~61.7%,使成熟期水稻根系铅含量分别降低了56.1%~64.1%和53.8%~63.2%.水稻籽粒中的铅含量在不同处理间无显著差异.因此,水分管理和外源硒的添加显著影响了水稻根系对铅的吸收,而对水稻籽粒对铅的累积无显著影响.     

Woody species Rhus chinensis Mill. seedlings tolerance to Pb: Physiological and biochemical response

Screening potential plant species is a crucial consideration in phytoremediation technology. Our previous study demonstrated that Rhus chinensis Mill. seedlings had potentials for phytoremediation of Pb contaminated soil. However, its bioaccumulation and tolerance characteristics remain unclear. Seedling growth, LMWOAs secreted by roots, Pb subcellular distribution and chemical forms, and mineral elements in R. chinensis tissues were evaluated under different Pb concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400?mg/L) in culture solution at 14?days after planting. R. chinensis did not show visual symptoms of Pb toxicity under lower Pb treatments; however, Pb significantly declined the growth of seedlings under higher Pb treatments. Higher Pb stress also decreased the concentrations of nitrogen in leaves, but increased the concentrations of P and K in roots. Pb stress also decreased Mn concentrations in leaves. A great quantity of Pb was uptake and mostly retained in R. chinensis roots. Nonetheless, R. chinensis can still concentrate 459.3 and 1102.7?mg/kg Pb in leaves and stems, respectively. Most of Pb in R. chinensis tissues was stored in the cell wall with HAc-, HCl-, and NaCl-extractable form. LMWOAs secreted by R. chinensis roots showed a strong positive correlation with Pb concentrations in all plant tissues and with P in roots. Our results suggested that Pb deposited in the cell wall and integration with phosphate or oxalate might be responsible for the tolerance of R. chinensis under Pb stress in short period.     

镧在小麦幼苗富集与幼苗营养生长的关系

通过暴露和暴露恢复试验研究低浓度稀土元素镧对小麦幼苗营养生长的影响.结果表明,幼苗暴露于0.5～25mg/L镧溶液,镧抑制幼苗根的伸长,降低茎叶和根系的干重,降低矿质元素Ca、Mg、Zn、Mn的含量;镧的植物富集速度及镧从根系向茎叶迁移速度与镧暴露浓度呈明显的对数关系.去除镧后,幼苗生长加快,生物量及根长增加,矿质元素含量升高,但已富集的镧主要在作物体内再分配,很难排出体外,且随作物的生长而逐步的稀释,但仍影响作物生长.幼苗中镧的富集量与幼苗相对干重呈负线性相关,幼苗根系生长比茎叶更容易受到溶液中镧抑制.     

Uptake and accumulation of copper by roots and shoots of maize(Zea may L.)

The effects of different concentrations of copper sulfate on rootand shoot growth of maize(Zea mays L.) and the uptake and accumulation of Cu2+ by its roots and shoots were investigated in the present study. The concentrations of opper sulfate (CuSO4.5H2O) used were in the range of 10-5-10-3mol/L. Root growth decreased progressively with increasing concentration of Cu2+ in solution. The seedlings exposed to 10-3 mol/L Cu exhibited substantial growth reduction, yielding only 68% of the root length of the control. The shoot growth of the seedlings grown at 10-5-10-4 mol/L Cu2+ were more or less than the same as the control seedlings. The leaves treated with 10-3 mol/L Cu2+ were obviously inhibited in shoot growth. The fresh and dry weights both in roots and shots decreased progressively with increasing Cu2+ concentration.This fits well with the above mentioned effects of copper sulfate on root growth. Zea mays has considerable ability to remove Cu from solutions and accumulate it. The Cu content in roots of Z. Mays increased with increasing solution concentration of Cu2+. The amount of Cu in roots of plants treated with 10-3, 10-4 and 10-5 mol/L Cu2+ were 10, 8 and 1.5 fold, respectively, greater than that of roots of control plant. However, the plants transported and concentrated only a small amount of Cu in their shoots.     

The role of arbuscular mycorrhiza on change of heavy metal speciation in rhizosphere of maize in wastewater irrigated agriculture soil

To understand the roles of mycorrhiza in metal speciation in the rhizosphere and the impact on increasing host plant tolerance against excessive heavy metals in soil, maize ( Zea mays L. ) inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus ( Glomus mosseae) was cultivated in heavy metal contaminated soil. Speciations of copper, zinc and lead in the soil were analyzed with the technique of sequential extraction. The results showed that, in comparison to the bolked soil, the exchangeable copper increased from 26% to 43% in non-infected and AM-infected rhizoshpere respectively; while other speciation (organic, carbonate and Fe-Mn oxide copper) remained constant and the organic bound zinc and lead also increased but the exchangeable zinc and lead were undetectable. The organic bound copper, zinc end lead were higher by 15%, 40% and 20%, respectively, in the rhizosphere of arbuscular mycorrhiza infected maize in comparison to the non-infected maize. The results might indicate that mycorrhiza could protect its host plants from the phytotoxicity of excessive copper, zinc and lead by changing the speciation from bio-available to the non-bio-available form. The fact that copper and zinc accumulation in the roots and shoots of mycorrhia infected plants were significantly lower than those in the non-infected plants might also suggest that mycorrhiza efficiently restricted excessive copper and zinc absorptions into the host plants. Compared to the non-infected seedlings, the lead content of infected seedlings was 60% higher in shoots. This might illustrate that mycorrhiza have a different mechanism for protecting its host from excessive lead phytotoxicity by chelating lead in the shoots.     

Effects of EDTA and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria on plant growth and heavy metal uptake of hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance

Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and environment-friendly strategy for decontaminating heavy-metal-contaminated soil. However, the practical use of phytoremediation is constrained by the low biomass of plants and low bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of the metal chelator ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and EDTA in combination with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (Burkholderia sp. D54 or Burkholderia sp. D416) on the growth and metal uptake of the hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii Hance. According to the results, EDTA application decreased shoot and root biomass by 50% and 43%, respectively. The soil respiration and Cd, Pb, Zn uptake were depressed, while the photosynthetic rate, glutathione and phytochelatin (PC) contents were increased by EDTA application. Interestingly, Burkholderia sp. D54 and Burkholderia sp. D416 inoculation significantly relieved the inhibitory effects of EDTA on plant growth and soil respiration. Compared with the control, EDTA + D416 treatment increased the Cd concentration in shoots and decreased the Pb concentration in shoots and roots, but did not change the Zn concentration in S. alfredii plants. Furthermore, EDTA, EDTA + D54 and EDTA + D416 application increased the cysteine and PC contents in S. alfredii (p < 0.05); among all tested PCs, the most abundant species was PC2, and compared with the control, the PC2 content was increased by 371.0%, 1158.6% and 815.6%, respectively. These results will provide some insights into the practical use of EDTA and PGPR in the phytoremediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil by S. alfredii.     

Uptake and accumulation of copper by roots and shoots of maize (Zea mays L.)

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｏｆＣｕｉｎｔｈｅｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｉｓｕｓｕａｌｌｙ20ｔｏ30ｐｐｍｉｎｎｏｎｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｅｄｓｏｉｌ(Ｎｒｉａｇｕ,1979;Ｓａｌｏｍｏｎｓ,1984),ｂｕｔｉｓｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎ2000ｐｐｍｉｎｍｉｎｉｎｇａｒｅａｓａｎｄｉｎｔｈｅｖｉｃｉｎｉｔｙｏｆｓｍｅｌｔｅｒｓ(Ｆｒｅｅｄｍａｎ,1980;Ｈｕｍｐｈｒｅｙｓ,1984).ＩｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｄｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｅｄｔｈａｔｃｏｐｐｅｒｓｏｌｕｂｉｌｉｔｙｄｅｐｅｎｄｓｏｎｐＨｉｎｓｏｉｌｓ,ａｎｄｉｔｉｓｏｂ…