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1.
文章着重综述了青海省草地生态系统的服务功能,其中草地生态系统主要服务功能的宏观价值为609.35us$hm2·a,草地生态系统主要自然资本的价值为1 196.23us$hm2。从全省的情况看,生态系统服务功能的价值约为204×108us$a,生态资本的价值约为400×108us$,草地生态系统的替代价值约为748×108us$。同时,提出了青海省草地生态系统可持续利用的战略对策。 相似文献
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生态系统服务价值及其评估方法研究进展 总被引:16,自引:1,他引:15
生态系统服务和产生这些服务的自然资本对地球生命支持系统的功能有着极其重要的作用。它们间接或是直接的为人类提供福利,并因而成为地球整体经济价值的一部分。本文在生态系统服务的定义、功能及内涵的基础上,系统归纳了当前国内外生态系统服务价值的实例和主要评价方法研究进展。已有的研究表明对自然资源实行生态系统管理需要对生态系统服务进行多堆的,不同时空尺度上的评价,同时也要建立合理的评价标准体系。由于生态系统服务价值存在时空异质性,当前的研究中还没有提供很好的解决这一问题的方法,本文最后讨论了在生态系统服务价值评估中综合考虑区位等因素的可行性和必要性。 相似文献
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土地利用变化对浙江生态系统服务价值的影响 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
生态系统服务功能价值理论可定量估算各类生态系统为人类提供服务的经济价值.土地是一切陆地生态系统的载体,在人类改造和利用自然的过程中不可避免地要影响各类生态系统的状况,进而影响到它们为人类提供的服务与功能.以浙江省1990年、1995年、1999年和2002年的土地利用类型数据为依据,结合浙江省的具体情况对生态价值计算方法进行修正,估算了该省生态服务价值的动态变化环境效益.结果表明,浙江省的生态服务价值经历了一个先缓慢上升后迅速下降的过程,其中水分调节和水分供应项变化的幅度大,而且不同土地类型发挥了不同的效应. 相似文献
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传统的生态系统服务价值评估方法在生态补偿具体实践中仍存在一些困境。本研究提出生态系统服务功能的三元价值理论,通过能值方法剥离纯自然贡献带来的服务价值、自然贡献和人类投入共同作用形成的服务价值及基于人类偏好的存在价值这三类价值,通过自然贡献可以确定生态补偿的理论基线,而人工投入(基于人类投入绩效的支付)和存在价值(基于偏好的支付)可对基线进行二级修正,进一步提出了利用三元价值理论系统解决"生态系统服务—受益区—补偿方式—补偿标准—受偿主体"问题的生态补偿路径。 相似文献
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土地利用/覆被变化是生态环境演变最重要的因素之一,其研究对于促进区域生态经济协调发展有重要意义。根据1976年和2006年玛纳斯河流域两期遥感影像资料,基于生态经济学的最新方法采用卫星遥感技术以及Costanza等的生态系统服务价值评价手段,对期间玛纳斯河流域生态服务系统服务功能价值变化进行分析研究。结果表明:①玛纳斯流域土地利用结构变化在30年间表现为草地、林地、不断减少,而耕地、水域、沙地和建设用地不断增加,反映出人类因素及生态环境恶化的趋势;②该流域生态系统服务功能价值总额由1976年123.831 08元减少至2006年101.521 08元。减幅:18.02%,年均减少0.741 08元,通过对玛纳斯河流域生态系统服务功能价值进行评价,为玛纳斯河流域生态开发和治理,以及环境整治提供决策依据。 相似文献
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王彦芳 《环境保护与循环经济》2017,(7):50-54
基于单位面积价值当量因子法计算2015年京津冀地区生态系统服务功能价值,并对生态系统服务价值和生态压力的空间特征进行深入分析。结果表明,2015年,京津冀地区各生态系统服务功能的总价值量为8539.4亿元。不同生态系统类型提供生态服务的价值依次为森林生态系统>草地生态系统>水域生态系统>农田生态系统>荒漠生态系统,不同生态功能类型的价值量依次为调节服务价值>支持服务>供给服务>文化服务。京津冀三地各生态系统的总价值分别为788.3亿元、812.9亿元和6938.2亿元京津冀地区单位面积的生态服务价值与2010年全国平均水平持平,为395.3万元/km^2。京津冀地区人均生态功能价值分别为3727.5,8072.0,9521.4元/人,生态压力北京>天津>河北,但都远远低于全国平均的27941.2元/人。京津冀地区生态资源少,人口数量多,生态压力较大,迫切需要三地通过多渠道保护和共建生态环境,不断提高生态系统服务功能,促进区域可持续发展。 相似文献
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《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2019,(6)
以银川市为例,运用土地利用动态度、生态系统服务价值评价法及线性回归模型对其生态系统服务价值变化及驱动因素进行分析。结果表明:银川市土地利用变化较大;生态系统服务价值由2008年的164.56亿元下降至2018年的158.57亿元;灵武生态系统服务价值最高,兴庆和金凤生态系统服务价值最低;生态系统单项服务价值逐年下降;从驱动力影响因素来看,人口密度越低、工业产值越低、旅游收入越高,生态系统服务价值就越高。 相似文献
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安徽省森林生态系统服务价值评价 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
根据安徽省2000年森林资源统计资料及Costanza等的评价方法,对安徽省森林生态系统服务价值进行了估算.结果表明:安徽省森林生态系统服务总价值约为3563.41×106$·a-1,约占全国森林生态系统总价值的3.04%,其中营养循环的贡献最大(约占42.08%),生态效益、经济效益和社会效益分别占总价值的74.13%、19.67%和6.2%,反映出其极强的生态功能;在安徽省各树种中,阔叶林的生态服务价值最高(占40.2%). 相似文献
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The
spatial pattern of ecosystem function can affect ecosystem conservation. Ecosystem functions are often heterogeneous spatially due to physical and biological factors. We can influence ecosystem functions by changing the spatial patterns of the physical and biological elements of an ecosystem and regulating their combinations. The variation–position effect highlights a phenomenon resulting from the spatial pattern of ecosystem function. The effect shows that the identical variation of a factor may produce different effects on the overall situation when this variation occurs in a different spatial position. In a watershed of the Yangtze River, water retention is a primary ecosystem function. The variation–position effect for water retention capacity occurs in the watershed because of the spatial heterogeneity in vegetation, soil, and slope. The change of vegetation that occurs in a complex can affect the overall situation of water retention, and the effect can be different due to the change occurring in the
position holding different vegetation-soil-slope complex. To improve the ecosystem in the watershed and to meet the social needs for the ecosystem function of water retention, a strategy called ecosystem function and spatial pattern-based forest extension was proposed to conserve forests. The implementation of the strategy enables the watershed to attain the maximum effective increase in water retention capacity. 相似文献
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文章比较详细的阐述了生态系统服务的项目,中国不同草地类型的服务价值、不同区域草地生态系统单位面积服务价值和不同区域草地生态系统年服务总价值。 相似文献
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An adaptive management approach is necessary but not sufficient to address the long-term challenges of the Greater Yellowstone
Ecosystem (GYE). Adaptive management, in turn, has its own particular challenges, of which we focus on two: science input, and stakeholder engagement. In order to frame our discussion and subsequent recommendations, we place the current management difficulties into their
historical context, with special emphasis on the 1990 Vision document, which attempted a broad synthesis of management goals for the ecosystem. After examining these two key challenges
in the context of the GYE, we make several recommendations that would allow for more effective ecosystem management in the
long term. First, we recommend adoption of the GYE as a site for long-term science research and monitoring with an emphasis
on integrative research, long-term federal funding, and public dissemination of data. Second, we conclude that a clearer prioritization
of legislative mandates would allow for more flexible ecosystem management in the GYE, a region where conflicting mandates
have historically led to litigation antithetical to effective ecosystem management. Finally, we recommend a renewed attempt
at an updated Vision for the Future that engages stakeholders (including local landholders) substantively from the outset. 相似文献
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Ecosystem modeling with GIS 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
George L. Ball 《Environmental management》1994,18(3):345-349
Management of natural resources is becoming a complex problem. To ensure sustainability of the resources, the manager must
have better tools with which to make decisions. The development of simulation models that make use of GIS data bases is an
emerging area of resource management. This paper examines several grid-based models and addresses the use of GIS programs
to construct spatial dynamic models. Some considerations for the implementation of modeling using GIS data bases are provided.
The capability to simulate ecosystem processes such as fire, erosion, and other factors will allow the resource manager to
make more informed decisions by evaluating potential consequences on the computer. 相似文献
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生态系统服务功能研究综述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
田运林 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2008,18(2):46-50
生态系统服务功能的研究是最近生态学研究的热点领域,它体现的是可持续发展的思想.本文在参考大量前人研究的基础上,介绍了生态服务功能的定义以及发展历程,同时讨论了生态系统服务功能评估的理论基础和目前常用的评价方法.通过上述的讨论和分析说明,我国目前的生态系统服务功能的研究才刚刚起步,与国外相比还有一定的差距,所以今后需要加强这方面研究的投入,尤其要加强生态系统服务功能评估的基础理论和方法研究,促进我国生态系统服务功能的发展. 相似文献
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管理景观中的生态系统健康评价 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
生态系统健康是环保领域中新兴的、正在崭露头角的科学、生态系统健康被理解为生态系统内的内部秩序和组织的整体状况。生态系统健康的整体性评价是指利用生物物理参数、社会经济参数和人类健康参数的综合对生态系统健康进行的综合测定。本文分析了选择一系列适用于管理景观的综合性生态系统健康评价指标体系框架的发展概况。讨论了生态系统健康评价指标的选择原则,并对主要评价指标进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
17.
Environmental quality assessment has to focus more on the quality of whole ecosystems, instead of focusing on the direct effects of a specific stressor, because of a more integrated environmetal policy approach. Yet, how can the ecosystem quality be measured? Partly this is a normative question, a question of what is considered good and bad. At the same time, it is a scientific question, dealing with the problem of low the state of a system as complex as an ecosystem could be measured. Measuring all abiotic and biotic components, not to mention their many relationships, is not feasible. In this article we review several approaches dealing with this scientific question. Three approaches are distinguished; they differ in type of variable set and ecosystem model used. As a result of this, the information about the state of the ecosystem differs: ultimate breadth, comprising information about the whole ecosystem, is at the expense of detail, while ultimate detail is at the expense of breadth. We discuss whether the resultant quality assessments differ in character and are therefore suitable to answer different policy questions. 相似文献
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湿地生态系统累积影响评价研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
定量分析湿地生态系统的累积环境影响,确定所要评价的功能,然后定量分析影响该功能的各种累积方式,将湿地生态系统的累积方式分为四种方式进行描述,对各种干扰活动的相互关系予以定性并进行量化,探讨湿地生态系统累积影响评价的步骤,有助于湿地生态系统CEA方法体系的建立与完善. 相似文献
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Hugh Lehman 《Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics》2000,12(3):305-317
Some writers have suggested that it would be desirable to assess the state of the Earth'senvironments by making use of a concept of ecosystem health. We subject this suggestion toscrutiny first by calling attention to obscurities inthe notion of an ecosystem and then by callingattention to obscurities in and objections to someviews about ecosystem health. Finally, we note, thateven if ecosystem health can be adequately clarified, there are reasons for saying that whetherwe are morally obligated to protect the health ofsome ecosystem depends on other circumstances. In many possible circumstances we would not beobligated to protect the health of a particularecosystem. 相似文献