微生物絮凝剂产生菌的培养条件

讨论了微生物絮凝剂产生培养条件,研究表明该菌最适碳源为葡萄糖,最适氮源为尿素,最适培养温度为30℃,最适pH值为8左右,试验还发现过量的通气量不利于絮凝剂的合成。     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及其培养条件优化的研究

采用常规的细菌分离纯化方法从土壤中分离出絮凝剂产生菌菌株,经过驯化培养后,以发酵液对高岭土混悬液的絮凝效果为指标,筛选出2株高效絮凝剂产生菌.采用单因素试验方法和正交试验设计方法,分析了影响絮凝效果的主要因素,对2个菌株的最佳培养条件进行了优化研究.结果表明:菌株S3产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件是碳源为葡萄糖(20g/L),氮源为酵母膏(2.5 g/L),培养温度为28℃,初始pH值为8,通气量为50 r/min;菌株S21产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件是乙醇(15 g/L),氮源为复合氮源(酵母膏 脲 硫酸铵)(1.6 g/L),培养温度为28℃,初始pH值为9,通气量为200r/min.     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌的培养条件研究

从活性污泥中分离筛选到1株高效絮凝剂产生菌E-9，初步鉴定其为大肠杆菌。首次发现大肠杆菌能产生微生物絮凝剂。该菌产生絮凝剂的适宜培养条件为：乙醇为碳源，大豆粉为氮源，初始pH值为6．5～7．2、温度为30℃。絮凝实验结果表明，该菌产絮凝剂对高岭土悬浊液的絮凝率可达97％～99．5％，而絮凝剂投加量仅为通用发酵培养基的1／15，絮凝效果优于聚丙烯酰胺等常用絮凝剂。     

一株高效微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选鉴定和培养条件优化

从土壤中筛选到一株高效絮凝剂产生菌,经生理生化实验鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析,X14被鉴定为地衣芽胞杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)。经培养条件优化,其最佳的培养条件为:淀粉10 g/L,氯化铵0.51 g/L,3 g/L K2HPO4和1 g/L KHPO,初始pH值为8,接种量采用1%,摇床转速采用140~160 r/min的变速控制,37℃培养48 h。     

复合型微生物絮凝剂产生菌的培养及对炼化废水处理的研究

从炼油厂活性污泥中筛选出5株微生物絮凝剂产生菌菌株,依次编号为SHD-1至SHD-5.将任意2株复合培养后,发现SHD-1和SHD-5构建的复合菌对炼化废水的絮凝效果最好.通过单因子实验确定复合菌的最优培养条件:培养时间为48 h,初始pH为7,摇床转速为160 r/min、碳源为葡萄糖、氮源为蛋白胨+(NH4)2SO...     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选

从废水、土壤、活性污泥中筛选到2株絮凝剂产生菌。参照伯杰氏手册进行菌种分类鉴定,初步确定均属氮单胞菌属（Azomonas sp.)。将Azomonas sp.在产絮凝剂的培养基中进行发酵培养后,测定其对高岭土悬浮液的絮凝活性。废水絮凝实验表明,该菌种所产絮凝剂絮凝效果明显,可絮凝各种水溶液中的悬浮物质。     

微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选

从废水、土壤活性污泥中筛选到２标絮凝剂产生菌。参照伯杰氏手册进行菌种鉴定,初步确定均属氮单胞菌属（Ａｚｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．）。将Ａｚｏｍｏｎａｓ ｓｐ．在产絮凝剂的培养基中进行发酵培养后,测定其对高岭土悬浮液的絮凝生。废水絮凝实验表明该菌种所产絮凝剂絮凝效果明显,可絮凝各种水溶液中的悬浮物质。     

絮凝剂产生菌B-7的培养条件优化及生长动力学研究

从成都市土壤中筛选分离了1株具有稳定高效的微生物絮凝剂产生菌B-7。考察了碳源、氮源、温度、培养时间、pH等多种因素对絮凝剂（MBF-7）絮凝效果的影响。实验结果表明,该菌株产絮凝剂的最佳培养条件为：碳源为淀粉,氮源为硫酸铵,培养时间为72 h,初始pH为7.0,温度为30℃,对0.4%高岭土悬浊液的絮凝率达到91.3...     

微生物絮凝剂有效真菌的筛选

通过真菌培养基（马铃薯培养基），对旱田土壤和活性污泥中的微生物进行筛选分离，得到3株絮凝率超过67％的菌株，其中絮凝率超过75％的高絮凝活性菌株1株——MZ52。将MZ52在产絮凝剂的培养基中进行发酵培养后，对1000mg／L高岭土悬浮液絮凝，得出MZ52菌产絮凝剂最佳培养条件，分别为摇床转速160r／min，培养时间90h，初始pH值为8．0，培养温度为40℃。     

复合型微生物絮凝剂絮凝条件的优化

采用富集-分离-筛选的方法,从土壤中筛选得到3株具有较高絮凝活性的菌种,将其两两混合培养后,发现其对高岭土悬液的絮凝率均有较明显的提高,并且具有更好的热稳定性。实验结果表明,其最佳絮凝条件为:在pH=9时,微生物絮凝剂的最佳投量为2.0 mL,以2.0 mL 2.0%的CaCl2为助凝剂,对100 mL浓度为1 g/L的高岭土悬液的絮凝率可以达到90%以上;在与无机絮凝剂(10%PAC)和有机絮凝剂(0.1%PAM)的对比中,表现出了更高的絮凝活性和更好的絮凝效率。     

高浓度洗毛废水的生物絮凝处理工艺研究

研究了生物絮凝剂代替化学絮凝剂处理高浓度洗毛废水的絮凝效果 ,试验结果表明 ,微生物絮凝剂的絮凝效果优于化学絮凝剂 ,可以使洗毛废水的COD的去除率达到 85 %。SS去除率达到 88% ,水的颜色由灰黑色变成红褐色液体 ,更为重要的是微生物絮凝剂无二次污染。     

培养基对菌产微生物絮凝剂的影响研究

研究了培养基成分种类及其用量对菌产微生物絮凝剂的影响。结果表明,较高的C/N比对菌产絮凝剂有利,碳源中的蔗糖是菌株Aeromonassp.N11产絮凝剂的良好碳源,氮源以采用复合氮源为佳。培养基中加入酵母膏有利于絮凝剂的产生。NaCl能够促进所产絮凝剂的絮凝活性,碳源蔗糖和氮源脲对菌产絮凝剂的影响最大。利用正交实验得出产絮凝剂培养基的最佳配比为蔗糖20g/L,酵母膏08g/L,脲05g/L,硫酸胺05g/L,NaCl7g/L。     

一株高效微生物絮凝剂产生菌株P33的最优发酵条件和絮凝特性研究

从活性污泥中分离筛选出一株高效絮凝剂产生菌B-6-1,使用紫外线进行原生质体诱变育种获得一株絮凝率为98.5%的菌株P33,经生理生化试验检测其属于肠杆菌属.传代稳定性实验表明,P33所产微生物絮凝剂的稳定性较好.菌株P33最优发酵条件和絮凝特性实验结果表明:菌株最佳发酵条件为每升发酵培养基中(蔗糖20 g,尿素0.7...     

纤维素降解菌的筛选及其产酶特性

纤维素降解菌在纤维素类物质降解的过程中起着重要作用。通过滤纸条崩解和液态产酶实验,从腐烂的树叶中筛选出1株对纤维素有较强降解能力的菌株SY2,通过形态学特征以及生理生化反应,初步鉴定该菌株为荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescent)。产酶培养基及培养条件优化的实验结果表明:SY2的最佳产酶培养基为麸皮与秸秆粉的质量比1∶4、(NH4)2SO41%、pH8、固液比1∶2;最佳产酶条件为培养温度30℃、接种量7.5%、培养时间72 h;在酶液中添加Fe2+和VB12可使纤维素酶活力分别达到174.89μmol/(g.min)和165.99μmol/(g.min),提高了33.5%和26.3%。SY2对麸皮、滤纸的降解效果较好,降解率分别达到45.0%和33.3%。     

Effects of repeated-low level sodium chlorate administration on ruminal and fecal coliforms in sheep

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of oral sodium chlorate administration on reducing total coliform populations in ewes. A 30% sodium chlorate product or a sodium chloride placebo was administered to twelve lactating Dorper X Blackbelly or Pelibuey crossbred ewes averaging 65 kg body weight. The ewes were adapted to diet and management. Ewes were randomly assigned (4/treatment) to one of three treatments which were administered twice daily by oral gavage for five consecutive days: a control (TC) consisting of 3 g sodium chloride/animal/d, a T3 treatment consisting of 1.8 g of sodium chlorate/animal/d, and a T9 treatment consisting of 5.4 g sodium chlorate/animal/d; the latter was intended to approximate a lowest known effective dose. Ruminal samples collected by stomach tube and freshly voided fecal samples were collected daily beginning 3 days before treatment initiation and for 6 days thereafter. Contents were cultured quantitatively to enumerate total coliforms. There were no significant differences in total coliform numbers (log₁₀ cfu/g) in the feces between treatments (P = 0.832). There were differences (P < 0.02) in ruminal coliform counts (log₁₀ cfu/mL) between treatments (4.1, 4.3 and 5.0 log₁₀/mL contents in TC, T3 and T9 Treatments, respectively) which tended to increase from the beginning of treatment until the 5th day of treatment (P < 0.05). Overall, we did not obtain the expected results with oral administration of sodium chloride at the applied doses. By comparing the trends in coliform populations in the rumen contents in all treatments, there was an increase over the days. The opposite trend occurred in the feces, due mainly to differences among rumen contents and feces in ewes administered the T9 treatment (P = 0.06). These results suggest that the low chlorate doses used here were suboptimal for the control of coliforms in the gastrointestinal tract of ewes.     

紫外线消毒后耐药性大肠埃希氏菌的光复活特性

为了考察耐药性大肠埃希氏菌在紫外线消毒后的光复活特性及耐药性的变化,选用从城市污水处理厂分离得到的多重耐药性大肠埃希氏菌SER8作为受试菌株进行紫外线消毒和光复活研究。考察不同剂量紫外线辐照对大肠埃希氏菌SER8的光复活率和光复活速率的影响,以及在磷酸盐缓冲溶液和二沉池出水中复活情况的差别。采用Kirby-Bauer纸片琼脂扩散法考察在紫外线消毒和光复活过程中大肠埃希氏菌SER8对四环素、氨苄西林、诺氟沙星、链霉素、庆大霉素、头孢噻肟、磺胺甲恶唑、环丙沙星和氯霉素的耐药表型。结果表明,在10~40 mJ·cm-2紫外线辐照剂量范围内,大肠埃希氏菌SER8的光复活率和光复活速率基本上随着紫外线辐照剂量的增大而减小。在紫外线消毒后接受日光灯照射的48 h内,大肠埃希氏菌SER8在二沉池出水中的复活率基本与磷酸盐缓冲溶液中的相似,但在48~72 h阶段存在一定的差异。接受20 mJ·cm-2紫外线辐照后经日光灯照射48 h的过程中,大肠埃希氏菌SER8对9种抗生素的耐药表型均未发生变化。     

产糖脂类生物表面活性剂菌株鉴定及发酵条件优化

从胜利油田污水中筛选出的产生物表面活性剂菌株Bbai-1,经过生理生化鉴定及16S rDNA系统发育学分析确定其属于类短短芽孢杆菌属(Brevibacillus parabrevis),由建立的该菌株的系统发育树可知菌株Bbai-1与其他类短短芽孢杆菌类同源性较低,是一个新的种.薄层色谱和红外光谱分析结果表明此菌株所产的生物表面活性剂为一种新型的糖脂类生物表面活性剂.通过产量和表面张力双重指标对菌株Bbai-1产生物表面活性剂的条件进行优化,确定了其最佳发酵温度为25℃、盐度为8 g/L、pH为7.5.在最佳发酵条件下,生物表面活性剂的产量可达0.9764 g/L.此糖脂类生物表面活性剂具有较高的降低表面张力能力,在浓度为其临界胶束浓度(120 mg/L)时,可将水溶液的表面张力从66.15 mN/m降低至27.62 mN/m.     

Quantification of nitrogen in the liquid fraction and in vitro assessment of lysine bioavailability in the solid fraction of soybean meal hydrolysates

Soybean meal (SBM) is a product generated from the manufacture of soybean oil and has the potential for use as a source of fermentable sugars for ethanol production or as a protein source for animal feeds. Knowing the levels of nitrogen available from ammonium is a necessary element of the ethanolic fermentation process while identifying the levels of essential amino acids such as lysine is important in determining usage as a feed source. As such the purpose of this study was to quantify total nitrogen and ammonium in the liquid fraction of hydrolyzed SBM and to evaluate total and bioavailable lysine in the solid fraction of the hydrolyzed SBM. The effects of acid concentration, cellulase and β-glucosidase on total and ammonium nitrogen were studied with analysis indicating that higher acid concentrations increased nitrogen compounds with ammonium concentrations ranging from 0.20 to 1.24 g L^?1 while enzymatic treatments did not significantly increase nitrogen levels. Total and bioavailable lysine was quantified by use of an auxotrophic gfpmut3 E.coli whole-cell bioassay organism incapable of lysine biosynthesis. Acid and enzymatic treatments were applied with lysine bioavailability increasing from a base of 82% for untreated SBM to up to 97%. Our results demonstrated that SBM has the potential to serve in ethanolic fermentation and as an optimal source essential amino acid lysine.