Traffic emission and its impact on air quality in Guangzhou area

１　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎｔｈｅｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｏｆｒａｐｉｄｕｒｂａｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎ，ｔｏｔａｌａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆｖｅｈｉｃｌｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｄｒａｍａｔｉｃａｌｌｙａｎｄｒｅａｃｈｅｄｍｏｒｅｔｈａｎ２０ｍｉｌｌｉｏｎｉｎ１９９５ｗｉｔｈａｎａｖｅｒａｇｅｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｒａｔｅｏｆ１５％．Ｂｅｃａｕｓｅｏｆｐｏｏｒｑｕａｌｉｔｙｏｆｖｅｈｉｃｌｅ，ｂａｄｒｏａｄｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎ，ｌｏｗｄｒｉｖｉｎｇｓｐｅｅｄ，ａｎｄｎｏｃａｔａｌｙｔｉｃｃｏｎｖｅｒｔｅｒ，ｔｈｅｅｍ…     

The traffic emission and its impact on air quality in Guangzhou area

A comprehensive field measurement was set up in Guangzhou City of China and the key was placed on NO_x and O₃ pollution. The results indicated that the average driving speed of vehicle was only 14 km/h in downtown with high frequency of idle and acceleration. Upward fluxes of CO and NO were observed in Dongfeng street. NO_x annual mean concentration in urban area increased year by year, and NO_x was identified as the most important pollutant since 1995. Photochemical smog pollution was serious in general,spatial and seasonal distribution of O₃ was observed. O₃ concentration was kept in a high level in autumn, and its formation was restrained in summer due to frequent thunderstorm and high humidity. The numerical simulation showed the average concentration and maximum concentration of O₃ would increase 60%—100% if vehicular emission increased 100% in Guangzhou.     

Economic development and its impact on the environment in east coastal zone of China

This paper discusses briefly the elementary characteristics of the east China economic developing zone, and analyses the condition of urban atmospheric pollution, water pollution and ecological damage in this zone at present. It was brought forward that we must pay great attention to the environmental factors, and make the environmental impact assessment and environmental planning in the process of economic development in this zone.     

Chemical endemic diseases and their impact on population in china

This paper deals with some endemic diseases related to selenium, iodine and fluoride in eco-environment. Keshan disease and Kaschin-Beck disease are associated with low selenium, they mainly occur in a belt zone across China ranging from North-East to South-West. Selenium contents in food grains and human hair from the disease affected areas are usually below 0.020ppm and 0.20ppm respectively. The endemic goitre caused by iodine deficiency distributes extensively in China, mainly in mountainous and hilly districts, swamp and peat areas, some sand soil and limestone areas. Also there is another kind of endemic goitre which caused by iodine excess in interior and coast areas. Endemic cretinism usually occurs in the endemic goitre seriously affected areas. Endemic fluorosis is also widely distributed in China, but mainly occurs in dry or semi-dry areas of north China. The fluoride sources for causing endemic fluorisis are drinking water and food grains polluted by coal smoke in the backing process of maize     

Perspectives on atmospheric mercury and its fate in aquatic ecosystems

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｇｒｅａｔａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆｐｅｅｒ ｒｅｖｉｅｗｅｄｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｉｓｎｏｗａｖａｉｌａｂｌｅａｂｏｕｔｍｅｒｃｕｒｙ (Ｈｇ)ｃｙｃｌｉｎｇ ,ｍｕｃｈｏｆｗｈｉｃｈｗａｓｆｉｒｓｔｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄｉｎａｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｉｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌｃｏｎｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｓｏｎＨｇａｓａｇｌｏｂａｌｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｈｅｌｄｉｎＧａｖｌｅＳｗｅｄｅｎ (Ｌｉｎｄｑｖｉｓｔ,1991ａ) ,ＭｏｎｔｅｒｅｙＣＡＵＳＡ (Ｗａｔｒａｓ,1994) ,ＷｈｉｓｔｌｅｒＢＣＣａｎａｄａ (Ｐｏｒｃｅ…     

Epidemiological investigation on mercury contamination in gold mining and its effect on health

Ｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ,ｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｅｅｎ ｐａｉｄ ｇｒｅａｔａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｔｏｏｖｅｒｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ(Ｚｉｌｌｏｕｘ ,1993;Ｍｏｎａｍｙ ,1993;Ｇｕａｎ ,1994;Ｙａｎｇ ,1992 ;Ｌｉ,1993;1994;ＳＣＯＰＥ ,1994) .ＴｈｅｐｒｉｎｃｉｐａｌｆｏｃｕｓｉｓｔｏｄｅｃｒｅａｓｅＨｇｃｏｎｔａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｉｎｏｒｄｅｒｔｏｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｔｈｅｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｎｄｔｈｅｈｕｍａｎ’ｓｈｅａｌｔｈ .Ｉｔｉｓｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｆｒｏｍ“ｍｉ…     

Chemical characteristics of long-term acid rain and its impact on lake water chemistry:A case study in Southwest China

The chemical composition of acid rain and its impact on lake water chemistry in Chongqing,China,from 2000 to 2020 were studied in this study.The regional acid rain intensity is affected jointly by the acid gas emissions and the neutralization of alkaline substances.The pH of precipitation experienced three stages of fluctuating decline,continuous improvement,and a slight correction.Precipitation pH showed inflection points in 2010,mainly due to the total control actions of SO₂and NO     

Water pollution and its control in China

Based on comprehensive analysis of the status, major characteristics and regulation of regional differentiation of water pollution in China, the following counter measures for control water pollution were suggested: Overall planning and rational allocation; Comprehensive utilization and technical reform; Strengthening environmental management and the legal system.     

Microbial flocculant and its application in environmental protection

１ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｌｏｔｏｆｖａｒｉｅｄｆｌｏｃｃｕｌａｎｔｓｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｕｓｅｄｉｎｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ，ｄｒｅｄｇｉｎｇｄｏｗｎｓｔｒｅａｍｐｒｏｃｅｓｓｉｎｇａｎｄｓｏｍｅｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｉａｌｆｉｅｌｄｉｎｃｌ...     

Studies on metabolism of 2-naphthylamine and its activation mechanism

2-naphthylamine was incubated with induced rat liver microsome S9 preparation and the metabolites were separated through HPLC. The following products were identified: 2-amino-5-naphthol, 2-amino-6-naphthol, 2-amino-7-naphthol and 2-amino-8-naphthol. The yields of these four metabolites are varying in quantity, and the relative contents of 2-amino-8-, -5-, -6- and -7-naphthol are 52.6%, 28.5%, 14.0% and 4.9% respectively. These results are consistent with the quantitative HMO calculation and inference based upon Di-region theory, i.e., the metabolisms of aryl amines on extra-ring (assigned the ring without the substituent of amino group) are through the epoxidation and then NIH shift, but are not the direct hydroxylation in the formation of phenols. It is shown that both the amino group and the carbon atoms on the extra-ring play duality roles of activation and detoxification in metabolism.     

Coupling of water and land resources and its application in regionalization

ｏｂｊｅｃｔｉｖｅｏｆｃｏｕｐｌｉｎｇｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｄｅｃｉｄｅｄｂｅｃａｕｓｅｔｈｅｆａｃｔｏｒｓｏｆｗａｔｅｒａｎｄｌａｎｄｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓｈａｖｅｖａｒｉｅｄｅｆｅｃｔｓｏｎｄｉｆｅｒｅｎｔｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｓ，ｆｏｒｅｘａｍｐｌｅ，ｔｏｂｕｉ...     

Soil carbon pool in China and its global significance

ＳｏｉｌｃａｒｂｏｎｐｏｏｌｉｎＣｈｉｎａａｎｄｉｔｓｇｌｏｂａｌｓｉｇｎｉｆｉｃａｎｃｅ￥ＦａｎｇＪｉｎｇｙｕｎ，ＬｉｕＧｕｏｈｕａ，ＸｕＳｏｎｇｌｉｎｇ（ＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－ＥｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌＳｃｉｅｎｃｅ，Ｃｈｉｎ...     

The impact of the Clean Development Mechanism on developing countries’ commitment to mitigate climate change and its implications for the future

The objective of this paper is to examine the mitigation of climate change using the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) from the perspective of developing countries. The effects of the CDM on developing countries’ efforts to reduce greenhouse gases (GHGs) pledged under the Paris Agreement (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change [UNFCCC], 21st Conference of the Parties, Paris, France) are investigated. Data analysis reveals that the intensive hosting of CDM projects and the resultant higher marginal abatement costs led to fewer efforts by developing countries to mitigate climate change. A theoretical model from the literature of “low-hanging fruits” is applied to determine if rising prices of the CDM can be expected in the future. The results indicate that the benefits for developing countries must increase so as to keep the CDM attractive for them in an environment where they also have reduction commitments. To further ensure the effectiveness of the CDM under the Paris Agreement, policy should ensure that developing countries actually charge higher prices and, at the same time, contribute adequately to the global goal of GHG reductions. To this end, developing countries should be permitted to demand benefits that lie outside the current scope of the CDM, and non-compliance with their climate targets should also be sanctioned. In addition, fostering sustainable development should become more attractive for developed countries without the CDM, e.g., through sustainability labels, so as to reduce the trade-off for developing countries between the benefits of the CDM and compliance with their commitments to mitigate climate change.

     

Changes of landscape pattern and its influence on environment in Dongling District,Shenyang City, China

ＣｈａｎｇｅｓｏｆｌａｎｄｓｃａｐｅｐａｔｔｅｒｎａｎｄｉｔｓｉｎｆｌｕｅｎｃｅｏｎｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔｉｎＤｏｎｇｌｉｎｇＤｉｓｔｒｉｃｔ，ＳｈｅｎｙａｎｇＣｉｔｙ，Ｃｈｉｎａ￥ＺｈａｏＹｉ；ＬｉｕＺｈｅｎｇｕｏ；ＸｕＬａｎ（Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏ...     

Ecological-breaking zone originates and its ecosystems reconstruction in arid area

Ｅｃｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌ－ｂｒｅａｋｉｎｇｚｏｎｅｏｒｉｇｉｎａｔｅｓａｎｄｉｔｓｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｒｅｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｉｎａｒｉｄａｒｅａ￥ＨｕａｎｇＰｅｉｙｏｕ；ＬｕＺｉｌｉ（ＢｉｏｌｏｇｙＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＸｉｎｊｉａｎｇＵｎｉｖｅ...     

Simulated seasonal movement of precipitation zone in rainy season over China and its change on CO_2-doubling

In this paper, an investigation of simulated monthly precipitations from April to September is made. Though the precipitations are sometimes overestimated or underestimated, the geographical advance and recession of precipitation zones are well simulated by the UKMO global climate model with a simple mixed-layer ocean. Main characteristics of large-scale precipitation distribution are changed less on CO2-doubling, but the change is significant in some regions. The change in precipitation threatens us while the dry region is imposed by rainfall defect or the wet region by abundant rainfall induced by CO2-doubling.     

Mercury in coal and its emission by coal combustion in the Northeast China

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｒｅｐｏｒｔｓｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｔｈｅｉｒｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｉｎｃｏａｌｓｆｒｏｍ 12ｍａｉｎｃｏａｌｍｉｎｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＮｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔｏｆＣｈｉｎａａｎｄｔｈｅｅａｓｔｏｆＩｎｎｅｒＭｏｎｇｏｌｉａ .Ｔｈｅｃｏａｌ ｂｕｒｎｉｎｇｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓａｒｅｄｉｖｉｄｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｈｒｅｅｐａｒｔｓ:ｂｏｔｔｏｍａｓｈ ,ｆｌｙａｓｈｉｎｄｕｓｔｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｏｒａｎｄｔｈｅｐａｒｔｅｓｃａｐｉｎｇ…     

Analysis on reasons for the Yellow River''''s dry-up and its eco-environmental impacts

ＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎｒｅａｓｏｎｓｆｏｒｔｈｅＹｅｌｏｗＲｉｖｅｒ’ｓｄｒｙｕｐａｎｄｉｔｓｅｃｏｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔａｌｉｍｐａｃｔｓＧａｏＹａｎｃｈｕｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＧｅｏｇｒａｐｈｙ，ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎ...