石油烃污染土壤联合修复技术研究进展

随着石油的开采和使用,土壤石油烃污染的问题已经十分严峻,研究绿色、高效、低成本的修复技术对于污染土壤修复具有重要意义.通过总结了物理、化学和生物修复技术对石油烃污染土壤的修复效果、影响因素以及优缺点,并针对以上技术的局限性,归纳整理电动-化学氧化、电动-微生物修复、表面活性剂淋洗-生物修复、预氧化-生物修复、植物-微生...     

污染土壤中菲的修复技术研究进展

菲是多环芳烃中的代表性物质,具有"三致"效应,而且菲的蒸汽压小,辛醇-水分配系数高,生物可利用性低,是一种持久性有机污染物。随着化石燃料的大量使用,受菲污染的土壤越来越多,研究菲的修复技术对污染土壤的再利用具有重要意义。结合目前国内外研究进展,综述了污染土壤中菲的修复方法,包括物理修复、化学修复和生物修复。针对各种修复方法,阐述了其原理、修复条件、实例应用和优缺点,重点论述了植物修复和微生物修复方法的降解机理和应用,分析了微生物性质,包括氧、营养物、温度、土壤理化性质、共存污染物等环境因素对生物降解的影响。由于溶解性的菲有较好的迁移转化能力,因此表面活性剂的助溶作用适用于各种修复方法,选择合适的表面活性剂可以提高修复效果。在各种修复技术中,物理修复是通过物理技术实现菲的解吸与富集,无污染,但是去除率低;化学修复是使用氧化剂将菲氧化分解成无毒易降解的小分子物质或通过添加化学淋洗剂增加菲的溶解性,提高迁移转化能力,用时短,但是引入其他试剂,容易造成二次污染;植物修复是通过植物的提取、降解和固定等过程实现菲的修复,尤其是植物的根际环境为微生物的生长提供有利的条件;微生物修复以菲可作为微生物生长的碳源为基础,在分解酶的作用下实现菲的降解,但是生物修复周期长,可利用的生物少,而且可能生成毒性更高的中间代谢产物。因此,寻找合适的修复物种,采用基因技术提高生物的修复能力或多法联用、取长补短可提高修复效率。最后,在共降解理论的基础上,结合重金属和有机污染物共存时,一种物质的存在对另一种物质的降解有促进作用,提出了协同降解的概念,寻求对多种污染物有协同降解或共降解作用的修复方法是今后发展的主要方向。     

基于专利申请分析的有机磷农药污染土壤修复技术研究进展

有机磷农药（organophosphorus pesticide,OPP）的生产量和使用量高,但回收率与利用率低,且毒性较强,土壤累积量大、污染面积大,已严重威胁人类健康与生态系统平衡,因此OPP污染土壤的修复是健康土壤行动的重要内容.以专利分析为切入点,分析我国2010-2021年OPP污染土壤修复相关申请专利,梳理该方面技术发展情况,综述生物、物理、化学主流技术修复OPP污染土壤现状.分析发现,专利时空分布、隶属分布等反映了该领域技术的现状与需求,利用磷酸水解酶、木霉属、假单胞菌属、芽孢杆菌属等微生物对OPP进行水解、共代谢的生物修复技术,应用生物刺激、化学氧化、光催化等化学修复技术,以及联合修复方法为当前OPP污染土壤的主流修复方法.现有修复技术受环境、修复材料与污染土壤的相互作用变化等影响,未来仍需进一步研究OPP在土壤-生物系统中的降解作用及其物理、化学、生物降解机理,明确OPP与其代谢产物的运输、扩散、转移途径;并将理论研究应用于实际修复工程,加大原位修复技术研发力度,根据污染场地环境、土著微生物、土壤污染程度选择合适的修复技术方案,以促进有机磷污染土壤修复行业的发展.（图...     

土壤环境污染化学与化学修复研究最新进展

概述了不同历史时期重点涉及的土壤污染物以及近年来出现的4大类新型污染物,论述了土壤环境中化学污染物的动态与归趋以及相关科学问题及今后的研究重点,介绍了在评价土壤环境中污染物(特别是有机污染物)生物有效性的方法体系方面取得的重要进展,分析了污染土壤化学修复各种方法的化学原理以及为降低成本而实施的工艺强化和技术创新方面的最新突破.     

化学强化植物修复复合污染土壤研究进展

近年来,土壤复合污染问题日趋严峻,且修复难度往往较大.在复合污染土壤众多修复技术中,植物修复因成本低、易实施、环境友好等特点而颇具潜力.然而植物修复存在周期长、效率低的局限性.因此,围绕植物开展的联合强化修复技术研究,成为复合污染土壤治理修复的新途径,其中化学强化植物修复技术研究备受关注.本文综述了化学强化植物修复3种复合污染土壤的效果,对比分析了不同化学强化措施的作用特点和异同,并对该技术的研究方向提出了展望.     

土壤重金属污染生物修复的研究进展

土壤重金属污染的生物修复是污染整治的重要手段之一,是目前世界范围内的研究热点。亦是目前仅见的土壤污染治理的环境友好技术,主要评述了重金属污染土壤的植物修复的原理、类型与技术植物修复的优点,微生物修复等进展情况。并对今珀的研究重点进行了简要的讨论。     

生物修复技术研究进展

生物修复在治理受有毒有害有机物污染的环境的作用日益突出，因而生物修复的研究愈加受到重视。文中对生物修复的发展情况进行了综述，涉及生物通气法、生物注射法、污染地下水及其上部污染土壤的生物修复系统、地耕处理、植物生物修复、堆肥法、生物反应器和厌氧处理等方面．同时就遗传工程微生物系统等方面研究对发展生物修复技术的意义作了展望．     

土壤重金属污染生物修复的研究进展

土壤重金属污染的生物修复是污染整治的重要手段之一 ,是目前世界范围内的研究热点 ,亦是目前仅见的土壤污染治理的环境友好技术。主要评述了重金属污染土壤的植物修复的原理、类型与技术 ,植物修复的优点 ,微生物修复等进展情况。并对今后的研究重点进行了简要的讨论     

地下水原位生物修复技术

对地下水原位生物修复技术的概念，实施途径和方案等进行了综述，并介绍了此种方法的优点及局限性。     

化学农药污染土壤植物修复中的环境化学问题

报道了利用植草修复受DDT，BHC和Dicofol污染的研究，讨论了化学农药污染土壤植物修复中,农药在植物中富集与在土壤中降解以及结合残留等环境化学问题。研究表明，在植物修复的过程中，通过草对农药吸收的途径而去除土壤中污染物的作用所作的贡献很小，植草的作用可能是通过草的根部向土壤释放酶和某些分泌物，从而激发土壤中微生物的活性，并加速农药生物降解作用的结果。草在不同土壤中修复能力的差异，可能与不同土壤中所存土著微生物的差异以及其活性受酶和某些分泌物所激发差异的结果。选择能使根际区产生强烈的生物降解作用的草品种，是利用草作为化学农药污染土壤修复的关键。土壤与植株中农药结合残留的形成可能是土壤中污染物消除的又一个重要因素。     

污染土壤的修复技术研究进展

分析了当前我国严峻的土壤环境状况，并从重金属和有机污染物两个方面，全面介绍了当前污染土壤的各种修复技术，包括物理化学修复方法、植物修复方法和微生物修复方法等；对各种方法的修复原理、已取得的研究进展、存在的优缺点及其将来的发展趋势进行了较全面的综述和展望。文章认为，污染土壤修复将是一项非常具有挑战性同时又是一项非常有前途的修复技术，将会对人类健康和经济可持续发展发挥重要作用。     

A study on cometabolic bioventing for the in situ remediation of trichloroethylene

Cometabolic bioventing for removal of TCE in the unsaturated zone was studied in a soil column study using methane as growth substrate. A numerical model was developed for simulating the behavior of TCE during cometabolic bioventing. The model parameters were estimated independently through laboratory batch experiments or from the literature. Simulations were found to provide reasonable agreement with the experimental data. The experimental data show that a total TCE remediation efficiency of over 95% was obtained. The volatilization-to-biodegradation ratio of TCE was about 7:1 and T _c values ranging from 0.0078 to 0.07 were obtained in this methane-driven system. Due to the toxicity of the high TCE concentrations to the microbial biomass in the initial stages of the experiment, cometabolic biodegradation was enhanced and was more efficient in the later stages of cometabolic bioventing.     

Mitigation and remediation technologies for organic contaminated soils

Organic contaminated soils have become a widespread environmental problem, which may lead to a great threat to the quality of agricultural production and to human health. Physical, chemical, and biological technologies have been employed for the mitigation and remediation of organic contaminated soils. This paper reviews the progress of mitigation and remediation technologies for organic contaminated soils and suggests two different strategies for the mitigation of ’slightly-contaminated’ agricultural soils and the remediation of ‘heavily-contaminated’ soils/sites, respectively. On this basis, directions for future research in this field are suggested.     

环境中六溴环十二烷的修复技术研究进展

六溴环十二烷（hexabromocyclododecane,HBCD）是一种非芳香的溴代环烷烃,作为阻燃剂被广泛应用于塑料、泡沫、纤维、纺织品、电子产品及其他有机材料中,也可以作为聚乙烯、聚碳酸酯、不饱和聚酯等塑料的阻燃添加剂。HBCD作为一种持久性有机污染物,能够在环境中长期积累、迁移和转化,对人类和环境构成潜在的的危害。随着全球 HBCD 用量的增加,HBCD造成的水体及土壤的污染也越来越严重,因此环境中HBCD修复技术的研究也日益成为各个国家和地区研究的热点之一。文章综述了近年来国内外关于 HBCD 的去除或降解技术,包括物理修复、化学修复和生物修复,同时阐述了各个修复方法的原理、条件及优缺点。重点介绍了光降解和微生物降解这两种修复方法：光降解是一种利用光照和催化剂使水体中 HBCD 发生降解的修复方法,该方法去除效率高、清洁环保,但发生条件高,并且成本较高;微生物降解是指利用环境中的某种微生物来实现HBCD降解的,HBCD在厌氧条件下的降解效率明显高于好氧的条件,微生物降解具有不产生二次污染、降解彻底等优点,但相关研究还很少,发展还不成熟。目前开展 HBCD 植物修复研究的报道也很少,因此探讨利用植物修复HBCD的研究应该成为今后此类工作的研究重点之一。关于未来HBCD修复研究的方向,作者认为光降解和微生物降解仍然是 HBCD 修复的主要研究重点;还可以尝试采用两种或两种以上的修复方法联用以达到满意的修复效果;另外,微生物共代谢等修复方法也是今后发展的主要方向。     

菌根技术在环境修复领域中的应用及展望

菌根作为植物根系和真菌所建立的共生体,是生物界最为广泛的一种互惠共生现象。这一系统的形成能够有效增强植物的物质生产和抗病能力,全面改善宿主植物的生长状况,因此在新兴生态农业生产领域受到广泛重视。与此同时,菌根系统的形成可有效促进植物对污染或胁迫环境的适应能力,以及对环境污染物的去除能力,并能联合其它根际微生物共同发挥效能,在受损和污染环境生态修复领域具有巨大的潜力。近年来,菌根技术在环境修复领域中的应用正成为环境工作者关注的新兴方向,但目前仍处于起步阶段。文章在前人研究结果的基础上,对菌根技术在重要的环境修复领域,如面源污染综合防治领域、污染场地生物修复领域、受损和胁迫环境恢复重建中的试验研究和应用进展进行了综述,并结合其发展现状探讨了当前菌根技术在环境修复治理工程应用以及大规模工业化生产中的瓶颈问题,提出应在菌根真菌对异质环境的适应性、菌根系统的复杂性解析、以及内生菌根真菌分离纯化等关键理论与技术方面加大力度,尽早实现广适性功能菌种的工业化生产和多元＂生物制剂＂的开发,从而在环境修复领域发挥更大的作用。     

Electrochemical remediation of phenanthrene from contaminated kaolinite

In this work a two-stage process combining soil electrokinetic remediation and liquid electrochemical oxidation for the remediation of polluted soil with organic compounds has been developed and evaluated using phenanthrene-spiked kaolinite. Application of an unenhanced electrokinetic process resulted in negligible removal of phenanthrene from the kaolinite sample. Addition of co-solvents and electrolyte to the processing fluid used in the electrode chambers enhanced phenanthrene desorption from the kaolinite matrix and favoured electro-osmotic flow. Near-complete removal of phenanthrene was achieved using Na₂SO₄ and ethanol in the processing fluid. Phenanthrene was transported towards the cathode chamber where it was collected. The cathodic solution containing the pollutant was treated by electrochemical oxidation; complete degradation of phenanthrene occurred after 9 h using Na₂SO₄ as electrolyte.     

Applications of hollow nanomaterials in environmental remediation and monitoring: A review

Hollow nanomaterials have attracted significant attention because of their high chemical and thermal stability, high specific surface area, high porosity, low density, and good biocompatibility. These state-of-the-art nanomaterials have been shown to efficiently adsorb heavy metals, and volatile hazardous substances, photodegrade persistent organic pollutants, and other compounds, and inactivate bacteria. Such properties have enabled the use of these materials for environmental remediation, such as in water/wastewater treatment, soil remediation, air purification, and substance monitoring, etc. Hollow nanomaterials showed higher photocatalytic activity than those without hollow structure owing to their high active surface area, reduced diffusion resistance, and improved accessibility. And, the Doping method could improve the photocatalytic performance of hollow nanomaterials further under visible light. Moreover, the synthetic mechanisms and methods of these materials are important because their size and morphology help to determine their precise properties. This article reviews the environmental applications and potential risks of these materials, in addition to their syntheses. Finally, an outlook into the development of these materials is provided.     

中国土壤重金属污染修复技术的专利文献计量分析

综述了国内外主要土壤修复技术,进行了技术经济比较分析。利用国家知识产权局专利检索系统,采用主题词检索,从重金属污染物种类、技术类型两个方面分析了中国土壤重金属污染修复技术的专利申请与授权状态。结果表明：土壤重金属污染修复技术以植物修复与微生物技术为主,其次为固定修复技术;土壤镉、铅、铜、砷的修复技术专利申请量明显高于其余重金属的;农田土壤重金属污染修复技术专利申请量明显高于场地重金属修复技术的;农田土壤重金属污染修复除降低土壤中重金属含量外,还可以从植物营养调控与土壤调理剂的角度降低农产品中重金属含量。最后,进行了土壤污染修复产业政策分析。     

Property-performance relationship of core-shell structured black TiO2 photocatalyst for environmental remediation

● Properties and performance relationship of CSBT photocatalyst were investigated. ● Properties of CSBT were controlled by simply manipulating glycerol content. ● Performance was linked to semiconducting and physicochemical properties. ● CSBT (W:G ratio 9:1) had better performance with lower energy consumption. ● Phenols were reduced by 48.30% at a cost of $2.4127 per unit volume of effluent. Understanding the relationship between the properties and performance of black titanium dioxide with core-shell structure (CSBT) for environmental remediation is crucial for improving its prospects in practical applications. In this study, CSBT was synthesized using a glycerol-assisted sol-gel approach. The effect of different water-to-glycerol ratios (W:G = 1:0, 9:1, 2:1, and 1:1) on the semiconducting and physicochemical properties of CSBT was investigated. The effectiveness of CSBT in removing phenolic compounds (PHCs) from real agro-industrial wastewater was studied. The CSBT synthesized with a W:G ratio of 9:1 has optimized properties for enhanced removal of PHCs. It has a distinct core-shell structure and an appropriate amount of Ti³⁺ cations (11.18%), which play a crucial role in enhancing the performance of CSBT. When exposed to visible light, the CSBT performed better: 48.30% of PHCs were removed after 180 min, compared to only 21.95% for TiO₂ without core-shell structure. The CSBT consumed only 45.5235 kWh/m³ of electrical energy per order of magnitude and cost $2.4127 per unit volume of treated agro-industrial wastewater. Under the conditions tested, the CSBT demonstrated exceptional stability and reusability. The CSBT showed promising results in the treatment of phenols-containing agro-industrial wastewater.     

Antimony (Sb) – pollution and removal techniques – critical assessment of technologies

In view of increasing emissions of antimony (Sb) into the environment due to industrialization and consequent carcinogenicity, it is essential to remove this metal from the ecosystem. Antimony and arsenic (As) are analogs. Although numerous studies examined arsenic removal, few reports are available on Sb removal. In this review, various Sb removal techniques are described to understand how this process occurs and what research gaps are needed to improve efficiency. At present, surface adsorption technique is the most widely used for Sb removal. Biological treatment namely phytoremediation is also a promising method and more investigations are required in this regard. The selection of a suitable technique for a given area depends on the conditions including economic, environmental, and social conditions.