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太阳是最伟大的.人们歌颂太阳,常把有为的人生比作太阳,反衬太阳之可爱,这些都说明在人们的心目中,太阳具有巨大的能量. 相似文献
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人类社会要实现可持续发展,就必须尽快寻求和开发新能源,特别是可再生的、清洁的能源.可再生能源包括水能、风能、生物质能、太阳能、地热能和海洋能等.它们如何被人类开发利用?开发的潜力有多大?这些问题值得关注. 相似文献
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煤、石油和天然气已成为人们熟悉的"常规能源",大中型水电站利用的水能也早已被列入常规能源的队列.小型水电站则例外,它与核能、风能、生物质能、太阳能、地热能和海洋能一起,被称为"新能源".显然,这是人为的划分.实际上,无论大中型水电站或小型水电站以及其他水能利用方式,都是水能的利用,可以一起讨论. 相似文献
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生物质能是当前能源和生态环境领域研究的热点。分析和研究,指出了生物质能在国内外的发展现状和趋势。全、实现可持续发展意义重大。本文对生物质能的资源分类和利用方式进行了明确了开发利用生物质能源,对保障国家能源安 相似文献
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Global Biomass Energy Potential 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
The intensive use of renewable energy is one of the options to stabilize CO2atmospheric concentration at levels of 350 to 550ppm. A recent evaluation of the global potential of primary renewable energy carried out by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) sets a value of at least 2800EJ/yr, which is more than the most energy-intensive SRES scenario forecast for the world energy requirement up to the year 2100. Nevertheless, what is really important to quantify is the amount of final energy since the use of renewable sources may involve conversion efficiencies, from primary to final energy, different from the ones of conventional energy sources. In reality, IPCC does not provide a complete account of the final energy from renewables, but the text claims that using several available options to mitigate climate change, and renewables is only one of them, it is possible to stabilize atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration at a low level. In this paper, we evaluate in detail biomass primary and final energy using sugarcane crop as a proxy, since it is one of the highest energy density forms of biomass, and through afforestation/reforestation using a model presented in IPCC Second Assessment Report (SAR). The conclusion is that the primary-energy potential for biomass has been under-evaluated by many authors and by IPCC, and this under-evaluation is even larger for final energy since sugarcane allows co-production of electricity and liquid fuel. Regarding forests we reproduce IPCC results for primary energy and calculate final energy. Sugarcane is a tropical crop and cannot be grown in all the land area forecasted for biomass energy plantation in the IPCC/TAR evaluation (i.e. 1280Mha). Nevertheless, there are large expanses of unexploited land, mainly in Latin America and Africa that are subject to warm weather and convenient rainfall. With the use of 143Mha of these lands it is possible to produce 164EJ/yr (1147GJ/hayr or 3.6W/m2on average) of primary energy and 90EJ/yr of final energy in the form of liquid fuel (alcohol) and electricity, using agricultural productivities near the best ones already achievable and biomass gasification technology. More remarkable is that these results can be obtained with the operation of 4,000 production units with unitary capacity similar to the largest currently in operation. These units should be spread over the tropical land area yielding a plantation density similar to the one presently observed in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, where alcohol and electricity have been commercialized in a cost-effective way for several years. Such an amount of final energy would be sufficiently large to fulfill all the expected global increase in oil demand, as well as in electricity consumption by 2030, assuming the energy demand of such sources continues to grow at the same pace observed over the last two decades. When sugarcane crops are combined with afforestation/reforestation it is possible to show that carbon emissions decline for some IPCC SRES scenarios by 2030, 2040 and 2050. Such energy alternatives significantly reduce CO2emissions by displacing fossil fuels and promote sustainable development through the creation of millions of direct and indirect jobs. Also, it opens an opportunity for negative CO2emissions when coupled with carbon dioxide capture and storage. 相似文献
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中国发展生物质能源的战略措施思考 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要资源.随着中国经济的持续发展,能源与环境对经济发展的制约作用逐渐得到显现,能源问题与环境问题已经成为国家发展的战略性问题.因此发展生物质能是解决中国能源紧张的重要突破口.发展生物质能的战略措施是建立生物质能源的产业体系,即相对于传统产业体系的第二产业体系.具体战略阶段是:2000-2010年实验探讨阶段(初级阶段);2020-2030年推广应用阶段(发展阶段):2030年-2050年优化提出阶段(提高阶段).生物质能源的发展战略有助于"三农"问题的解决即农村小康社会的建设;有助于减轻环境压力;有助于维护国家能源安全. 相似文献
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能源连人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要资源。随着中国经济的持续发展,能源与环境对经济发展的制约作用逐渐得到显现.能源问题与环境问题已经成为国家发展的战略性问题。因此发展生物质能是解决中国能源紧张的重要突破口。发展生物质能的战略措施是建立生物质能源的产业体系。即相对于传统产业体系的第二产业体系。具体战略阶段是:2000—2010年实验探讨阶段(初级阶段);2020—2030年推广应用阶段(发展阶段):2030年一2050年优化提出阶段(提高阶段)。生物质能源的发展战略有助于“三农”问题的解决即农村小康社舍的建设;有助于减轻环境压力;有助于维护国家能源安全。 相似文献
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关于生物质能利用现状及政策启示 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文简述生物质能种类和特点,介绍几种生物质能利用方法在中国和外国的发展,并将国内外政策法规进行对比,提出我国发展生物质能相应对策。 相似文献
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《环境科学与技术》2013,(12)
文章在对常州市武进区礼嘉镇进行面源生物质废弃物调研的基础上详细比较了生物质废弃物发酵制备燃料乙醇技术、生物质废弃物发酵制沼气技术、生物质废弃物气化炉技术以及生物质废弃物焚烧发电技术,从技术、经济、应用前景等多方面考量并最终筛选出适合于礼嘉镇试点区域的生物质废弃物利用技术。在对所选技术的应用实例进行调查研究的基础上建立了太湖流域废弃生物质能源资源化的总体方案:本方案拟定在试点区域结合实际情况将部分不适宜用于发酵制备燃料乙醇的农作物秸秆以及禽畜粪便、生活污水污泥等各类生物质废弃物用于生物质发酵制沼气项目,以满足当地部分居民的日常生活所需,同时收集剩余适宜制备燃料乙醇的生物质秸秆用于建设具有广阔应用前景的生物质发酵制备乙醇项目,对体系中产生的污水污泥等废弃物以污泥亚临界水热处理技术予以预处理后用于发酵制备沼气项目。总体方案每年生产燃料乙醇1 875.7 t,生产沼气259.2万m3,副产有机肥1 874.8 t,产生经济效益1 608万元,10年运行期的净收益现值为12 555.4万元,是具有广阔前景且行之有效的循环经济方案,是推动自然生态和人类社会和谐发展的绿色经济方案。 相似文献
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