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分析了湖南省区域投资环境条件,提出了优化投资环境思路:按点轴模式优化湖南区域经济空间布局结构,确立重点投资环境建设轴线;优化产业结构,优先对第二产业和优势产业进行投资环境建设;把人文环境和物质环境结合起来,着力改善区域经济发展的软、硬环境. 相似文献
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随着我国对外经济开放的深入和投资环境的不断改善,外国投资者到我国开办中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业、独资企业(下统称为外商投资企业)不断增加。这极大地促进了我国经济建设的发展,同时也给我国严重的环境问题引入了外部的压力。因此,为了在对外经济开放中,防止污染转嫁,保护好我国环境,保证对外经济开放地区社 相似文献
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一、简易分析法建设项目环评报告书均应有环境经济损益分析专题内容。但是,对于项目不太大或项目污染不严重的环评报告书来说,只需做出简易的环境经济损益分析。简易分析的主要内容为环保投资估算、投资比例及环境效益分析。以“湖北艾森一天发油脂项目环境影响评价”(以下简称“文发项目”,荆沙市环科所编写)为例:1.环保投资估算及投资比例首先阐明拟建工程环保设施的划分结果。不同的行业对环保设施的划分有不同规定,如石油化工行业对环保设施的划分在SHJ24-90中作了原则性划分。’‘艾发项目”环保投资估算包括:污水处理站23… 相似文献
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水电站工程属于生态影响类项目,施工过程产生水、大气、噪声、弃渣及垃圾污染等环境问题,会对项目所在地的生态环境带来负面影响,也会造成新的水土流失,因此加强施工期环境保护监督工作势在必行,监督环保投资的落实,是做好环境保护工作的前提。文章以积石峡水电站建设为例对此进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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落实企业环境责任,推动环境信息披露,有利于推动结构调整和高质量发展。本文根据《环境信息公开办法(试行)》,对发布企业社会责任报告的上市公司环境信息披露进行刻画,基于Richardson投资期望模型对投资效率进行测度,分析环境信息披露对上市公司投资效率的影响。研究发现,环境信息披露能在一定程度上缓解投资不足,但对过度投资的影响并不显著,而且环境信息披露对投资不足的缓解作用在国有企业、两权分离度高等代理成本较高的企业中表现更为显著。本文因此提出推动环境信息披露的建议,一方面发挥政府作用,加大监管压力,确保企业环境责任的落实,健全环境治理企业责任体系;另一方面发挥市场的决定性作用,强化诱致企业披露环境信息的动力,让市场形成对环境信息披露的强需求,促使企业提升环境信息披露水平。 相似文献
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谈环保投资存在的问题及解决办法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
环境与发展,是当今国际社会普遍关注的重大问题,实现可持续性发展,已成为全世界紧迫艰巨的任务。投资是环境保护的第一推动力,没有投资就没有环境状况的改善。近年来我国逐步制定和实施了一系列环境保护政策和措施,建立和开拓了环境保护投资渠道,这对环境保护事业的发展起了十分重要的作用。但是环保投资领域也存在很多问题,诸如环保投入不足,缺乏制约机制,技术水难落后,管理机构和人员缺乏等,而要解决这些问题则需有的放矢,以增加环保投入为主要突破口,以建立有效的环保制约机制为保证,提高环保投资技术水平和构建合理管理机… 相似文献
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Since environmental impact assessment (EIA) is concerned primarily withsignificant environmental impacts, the concept of impact significance deserves to be defined and applied rigorously. In this article use of the term over the past 15 years in EIA documentation is reviewed. Some recent attempts at elucidating the concept are summarized. Four perspectives on impact significance that emerged from a series of workshops on the ecological basis for EIA are presented. These perspectives include (a) statistical (related to problems of isolating project-induced changes from natural variation), (b) ecological (related to the importance of project-induced changes from a purely ecological perspective), (c) social (related to the acceptability of project-induced changes in important environmental attributes), and (d) project (related to whether project-induced changes will indeed influence project decision making). The following synthesis is proposed: Any exercise in judging the significance of an environmental impact should thoroughly consider (a) the importance of the environmental attribute in question to project decision makers, (2) the distribution of change in time and space, (c) the magnitude of change, and (d) the reliability with which change has been predicted or measured. The implications of considering these factors are discussed. 相似文献
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Summary The Yellow River is renowned for its life-endangering floods, a problem augmented by the continuous heavy siltation of its lower flood plain. Major dam and reservoir projects have both positive and negative environmental impacts, and their construction requires careful environmental consideration. This paper outlines the key findings of environmental impact assessment reports related to the Xiaolangdi Yellow River dam/reservoir project. The authors conclude that the project, as planned, should provide an optimal mix of both economic and environmental benefits.This paper is modified from a presentation given to the 1993 Annual Meeting of the International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) in Shanghai, China. 相似文献
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能源需求的高增长和化石能源的高占比导致了日益严峻的环境退化问题.均衡状态下,用于环境治理的资本投入实质上是对储蓄的一种扣除,这会降低生产性资本总量的积累速度,导致经济增长潜力下滑.本文构建了一个包含能源转型与真实储蓄量的DSGE模型,结合最新相关文献和中国经济数据校准模型,模拟研究了能源转型对中国经济增长潜力的影响以及相关政策效应.结论表明:能源转型发挥出一种"刹车"效应,将逐渐减缓经济增长潜力的下滑趋势;能源转型的持续推进,有望在2030年左右逆转其趋势;能源转型相关政策会改变"刹车"期的时长和弱化经济潜力的下滑程度.政策启示方面,能源转型是扭转经济增长潜力下滑趋势的有效手段,政府可通过政策"组合拳"的方式来干预能源转型过程,将有助于缩短"刹车"期和相对增强经济增长潜力. 相似文献
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一个国家的环境政策是国家保护环境的大致方针,直接关系到这个国家的环境立法和环境管理,更直接影响到这个国家的整体环境状况,不同类型的环境政策对企业也产生了各方面的影响。本文研究环境政策的不同形式、内容、具体执行手段及其对企业的环境、经济绩效产生的影响。通过研究西方发达国家的成功环境政策,探讨我国环境政策中存在的不足与缺陷。最后根据不同管理手段的可行性,有效性及最终效果,联系我国具体国情,在符合可持续发展原则的同时,提出更为有效,对企业绩效具有正面刺激的环境政策建议。 相似文献
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The growing importance of the environment and its management has simultaneously emphasized the benefits of hydroelectric power and its environmental costs. In a changing policy climate, giving importance to renewable energy development and environmental protection, conflict potential between stakeholders is considerable. Navigation of conflict determines the scheme constructed, making sustainable hydropower a function of human choice. To meet the needs of practitioners, greater understanding of stakeholder conflict is needed. This paper presents an approach to illustrate the challenges that face small-scale hydropower development as perceived by the stakeholders involved, and how they influence decision-making. Using Gordleton Mill, Hampshire (UK), as an illustrative case, soft systems methodology, a systems modeling approach, was adopted. Through individual interviews, a range of problems were identified and conceptually modeled. Stakeholder bias towards favoring economic appraisal over intangible social and environmental aspects was identified; costs appeared more influential than profit. Conceptual evaluation of the requirements to meet a stakeholder-approved solution suggested a complex linear systems approach, considerably different from the real-life situation. The stakeholders introduced bias to problem definition by transferring self-perceived issues onto the project owner. Application of soft systems methodology caused a shift in project goals away from further investigation towards consideration of project suitability. The challenge of sustainable hydropower is global, with a need to balance environmental, economic, and social concerns. It is clear that in this type of conflict, an individual can significantly influence outcomes; highlighting the need for more structured approaches to deal with stakeholder conflicts in sustainable hydropower development. 相似文献
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夏光 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2007,17(1):1-3
2006年,从中央到地方都大幅度强化了环境保护的施政力度。中央提出了环境保护与经济增长要并重、同步和综合的要求,这被称为“环境保护的历史性转变”。与此同时,国家出台了20多项以环境保护为重要内容或与环境保护有关的产业政策和其他经济政策。新成立了11个环境保护和核安全的区域督查机构,层层下达了主要污染物排放消减指标。各地也把主要精力放在了推动新型工业化和城市化进程上,出台了大量加强和支持环境保护的经济政策和管理措施。 相似文献
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In the UK for the period 1994-99, a broad range of environmental projects were given financial support through the European Agriculture Guidance and Guarantee Fund under the Objective 1 and Objective 5b programmes. This paper is concerned with the ex-post evaluation of these projects set within a Sustainable Development framework. The aim was to identify project types or characteristics that offered the greatest return on investment. A classification of six broad project types was adopted. The evaluation revealed that there were significant differences between individual projects with respect to the type and scale, and temporal and social distribution of the benefits they delivered. In particular, as well as delivering environmental and economic benefits, many projects made a significant contribution to the development of human and social capital. The paper concludes that it is possible to improve the basis for future project selection in order to maximise the returns on environmental investments in the context of sustainable development. 相似文献
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The ability of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act to act as an effective, efficient, and equitable land-use planning tool
was assessed through a survey of Section 404 permits in Wisconsin. In a six-month period of permitting, the 404 program reduced
wetland losses in the state by 15%. Several factors were examined that may affect permit decisions; these factors are water
dependency, alternatives, project type, wetland type, and public or agency comments. Only the water dependency of the project
had a statistically significant effect on permit decisions, although development projects that were perceived to provide public
good were more likely to be permitted. Environmental impacts of a proposed fill project were not adequately assessed in any
of the permit decisions. Because of the way Section 404 is interpreted and administered by the US Army Corps of Engineers,
increasing net benefits and achieving an equitable distribution of those benefits is difficult. The corps does not perform
any functional evaluations of wetlands nor do they attempt to measure economic value and environmental impacts. In addition,
the 404 review process is, in effect, inaccessible to the public. The de facto interpretations of the Section 404 regulations
and a lack of program funding and trained personnel all contribute to the program's ineffectiveness. 相似文献
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This article examines the sustainability of the Grain for Green Project in the Wolong Nature Reserve. Pertinent data were
collected through a questionnaire survey and a spatial analysis of reforested lands. The study results identified four critical
issues that may influence the sustainability of the project in the study area. The first issue is concerned with the project’s
impacts on local sustenance. Because local grain consumption depends greatly on compensation awarded by the project, the potential
for sustainability of the project is compromised. The second issue is that the project causes negative effects on local incomes
in the Wolong Nature Reserve, which may undermine local economic prospects. The third issue is that the project failed to
deliver suitable habitat for the giant panda, although two of the suitability requirements that deal with landform features
were met. Lastly, the project neglects great differences among geographical areas in the country, providing the same compensation
and length of compensation period to all participants. Appropriate compensation mechanisms should be established and adapted
to local economic, environmental, and social conditions. In managing nature reserves and moving toward sustainability, ensuring
all aspects of local socioeconomic and ecological/environmental issues are properly addressed is a real challenge. Based on
our study, some recommendations for improving sustainability of the project are given. 相似文献
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本文利用1996-2014年我国30个省份的面板数据,从行政、法律、经济和技术四个领域来刻画环境规制,实证检验了不同环境规制手段的减排效果是否具有门槛效应。研究发现,环境规制的强度确实因环境规制的手段不同而有所不同,其中,法律手段、技术手段未因地方政府的异质性表现出明显的门槛特征,而行政手段在政府规模较小(地方财力不足)地区的减排效果显著,经济手段在政府规模较大(地方财力雄厚)地区的减排效果显著。 相似文献