略论中小学可持续发展教育

可持续发展教育是伴随可持续发展战略的提出而产生的,要求受教育 者能够深刻认识人与自然的关系,具备实施可持续发展战略所需要的知 识、价值、观念。它既是可持续发展战略的重要组成部分,又是实现可持 续发展的手段。在我国,少年儿童占全国总人口的比例较高,是可持续发 展重要利益的相关者。因此,对中小学生开展可持续发展教育,对实施素 质教育和可持续发展战略具有重要意义。     

农业可持续发展评价指标体系初探

农业可持续发展是实现我国可持续发展的重要保证。本文在系统论述农业可持续发展的内涵及判别标准的基础上,提出一套有效的农业可持续发展评价指标体系。     

中国可持续发展教育教师培训现状

可持续发展是人类发展的必然选择,而可持续发展教育作为实现社会、经济和环境可持续发展的重要手段之一,已经被提到越来越重要的位置。2002年12月联合国大会宣布在2005年至2014年这十年的时间中实施联合国可持续发展十年教育,要求世界各国政府在这十年中将可持续发展教育融入他     

从可持续发展的系统特征论可持续发展评估的内涵与原则

可持续发展评估方法是区域经济社会发展中面临的重要课题,也是可持续发展研究领域的热点和难点。本文从可持续发展的系统特征分析入手,分析论述了可持续发展评估的内涵、原则及在评估实践中应注意的问题。     

国际动态

“里约＋20”峰会顺利举行 联合国可持续发展大会近日顺利举行,大会通过题为《我们憧憬的未来》的成果文件。文件重申了“共同但有区别的责任”原则,使国际发展合作指导原则免受侵蚀,维护了国际发展合作的基础和框架;大会决定启动可持续发展目标讨论进程,就加强可持续发展国际合作发出重要和积极信号,为制定2015年后全球可持续发展议程提供重要指导。     

环境影响评价与西部大开发的可持续发展

环境影响评价作为协调经济发展与环境保护关系的重要手段,将在西部大开发中发挥重要作用。本文从可持续发展的高度,提出进一步完善环境影响评价的具体对策,以确保实现西部大开发的可持续发展。     

从人类中心主义到可持续发展--人类伦理观质的飞跃

本文从伦理学角度探讨了从人类中心主义到可持续发展思想的形成,用哲学的观点阐述可持续发展战略的重要意义.     

四川的能源问题与可持续发展

可持续发展战略的实施不能忽视能源问题。四川是一个能源生产与消费大省,能源问题对全省可持续发展有很大影响,改变能源消费结构、开发新能源和增强能源意识,对于四川走可持续发展的能源道路是十分重要的。     

可持续发展与清洁生产

人类在付出高昂的经济和环境代价后,才认识到应实现可持续发展战略,而清洁生产是实现可持续发展的重要内容。     

我国高校可持续发展教育展望与实施途径

高校是可持续发展教育的重要平台,是培养国家高素质和复合型人才的基地。本文对中国高校可持续发展教育的现状和存在的问题进行分析,高校可持续发展教育呈现出3大趋势:将快速发展以与中国跨越式发展相适应;将出现多学科和跨学科的交叉渗透;高校多学科资源平台服务于可持续发展社会。建议通过教育理念的创新、师资梯队的建设、精品教材的出版以及教育平台的搭建这4个有效途径全面加强高校可持续发展教育,最终形成符合可持续发展战略的校园生态文化和可持续发展教育体系。     

Mineral development prospects of the Indochina area

Reform is under way in several nations within the Indochina area to stimulate economic growth and foreign investment. Though once forbidden, participation by foreign companies in mining exploration and development activities in Myanmar, Kampuchea, Laos, Thailand and Vietnam is now being solicited by the respective governments. This paper presents a preliminary evaluation of mineral and energy resources in the region and outlines possible development scenarios based on economic policies, financial and infrastructural constraints and industry interest. The investment climates for resource-related projects are assessed qualitatively by country. Clearly, the long-term development potential of mineral and energy resources in the Indochina area is large, and the potential gains outweigh any of today's problems.     

Monitoring the sustainability of Russia's energy development

This article presents an assessment of Russia's energy sector, its current state and planned future direction. The analysis of Russia's energy trends is based on a set of indicators for sustainable energy development (ISED), developed under the leadership of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The article discusses Russia's Energy Strategy to 2020, and outlines major developments and challenges of the country's energy system. Russia's energy priorities, captured in the Strategy to 2020, emphasize securing a stable and uninterrupted energy supply; reducing energy intensity and improving energy efficiency; developing the domestic energy resource base; reducing negative environmental impacts; and ensuring affordable energy for the poorer segments of the population. Energy needs and challenges are discussed in relation to the three aspects of sustainability as defined in Agenda 21: economic, social and environmental. Concerns are expressed regarding environmental repercussions of energy development, in particular since Russia's 1998 economic rebound. There are also concerns, despite the economic recovery, that anticipated increases in energy tariffs may exceed the affordability of poorer segments of the population.     

Environment and development in the Republic of the Marshall Islands: Linking climate change with sustainable fisheries development

The Republic of the Marshall Islands (RMI) is a major custodian of one of the ocean's major natural resources: tuna. The commercial tuna fisheries sector is the most important economic sector in the RMI and is thus a substantial contributor to this tiny island nation's GDP. Tuna catch and its associated revenues has fluctuated in line with climatic events such as the El Niño/La Niña Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and, in the last decade, national fisheries development policies have begun to capitalize on the positive effects that ENSO warm events have had on the tuna populations. However, global warming is expected to have a significant impact on ENSO, and not necessarily in positive ways. This paper will focus on the relationship between environment and economic development in the RMI fisheries sector. In particular, the linkages between global warming and its effects on the tuna fisheries sector must be better understood and uncertainties accounted for so that impacts are appropriately addressed and integrated into sustainable fisheries development policies. Conclusions reached are that new fisheries development strategies that emphasize environmental‐based planning are required. The emerging ecosystem‐based approach to fisheries management is a start, as are the various international initiatives in furthering our understanding of the linkages between climate and ocean systems currently underway.     

Sustainable development in the Mediterranean region

Considering its specific economic, social, environmental and political features, the status and evolution of the Mediterranean have always been of great interest to its countries and concerned partners. From the protection of the sea against pollution, the interest was progressively expanded to land based development and its impacts on environment, to coastal management and finally to sustainable development with the establishment of the Mediterranean Commission on Sustainable Development (MCSD). Cumulated knowledge, coupled with political support and commitment to a common vision, has prepared the ground for the preparation of a regional strategy for sustainable development. Its preparatory process, coordinated by the MCSD Secretariat, has been very interactive, involving various stakeholders. The strategy, adopted in 2005, has raised awareness and induced the preparation of national sustainable development strategies.     

Mining and development in the region of Antofagasta

The objective of this paper is to analyse the effect of mining on economic and social development in the region of Antofagasta from 1985 to 2008. Analysis of development is restricted to spheres described by available indicators used by several international and non-governmental organizations such as income distribution, education, health, poverty, human development and security, satisfaction, cost of living, income per capita, GDP per capita, employment, productive activity, added value and its distribution. Correlation between some of these variables is estimated as well as the gap between these indicators and those of developed countries.     

Problems of livestock development in the Himalayan region

Summary This paper outlines the complexities and problems of animal husbandry in the Himalayas of India. In particular, the climatic influences of temperature, rainfall and humidity are emphasised. A wide range of possible improvements to decrease livestock malnutrition and mortality are proposed.Dr J.C. Biswas, BSc, MVSc, works in the Animal Genetics and Breeding Laboratory; Dr R. Somvanshi, MVSc, FRCVS (Sweden) is Veterinary Pathologist in charge of the Clinical Pathology and Medicine Section in Livestock Production Research and Lt.Col. Dr G.S.C. Ranga Rao, MVSc, is Veterinary Parasitologist and Joint Director. All three work at the Indian Veterinary Research Institute.     

'Maturity' and the process of local sustainable development

Abstract

Although the household level is recognized as a potentially important area for the application of ecological footprint (EF) analysis, almost no work has been reported in the academic literature on EF analysis at this level. This paper describes the application of a new, diary-based data acquisition methodology used in a component approach to estimate the EF of a small number of households in Aberdeen, Scotland. Feedback from householders indicated that the diary proved useful in educating participants about their environmental impacts and made EF findings convincing. The methodology was, however, time consuming for both participants and researchers, and it is concluded that future household level applications of EF analysis might combine a simplified diary with other forms of data acquisition. Findings also suggest that the presentation of EF results alone is unlikely to promote more environmentally conscious attitudes amongst householders unless specific EF components are identified for the householder to act upon.     

Transaction costs and the clean development mechanism

The emissions trading provisions of the Kyoto Protocol and its clean development mechanism (CDM) are designed to permit greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reductions at the lowest cost globally. However, to ensure climate integrity, these reductions must pass through vigilant approval, monitoring and evaluation procedures that create additional transaction costs unrelated to the physical process of eliminating GHGs. Moreover, the CDM's additionality criterion creates constraints that magnify the influence of these transaction costs on project viability. If these costs are extreme, they could undermine the success of the CDM, and possibly of the Kyoto Protocol itself. This article describes the trading provisions of the treaty, creates a working definition of transaction costs, and discusses their effects. It then analyzes the process of creating a CDM project to identify the sources of transaction costs, illustrated by an example of a fuel substitution project in Ghana. The conditions for project profitability are analyzed and compared with recent GHG emission credit prices in Europe. The specific Ghanaian results are not generalizable to all CDM projects, but the model does suggest a template that can be used to analyze the effects of project and transaction costs in other contexts.