共查询到18条相似文献,搜索用时 964 毫秒
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钢铁企业是用水大户,节约工业新水量、降低吨钢耗新水指标已经成为钢铁企业节能减排的重要任务之一。雨水作为一种重要的淡水资源,日益受到钢铁企业的重视。开发利用雨水资源是钢铁企业摆脱有限水资源束缚、可持续发展的重要出路之一。本文从实际情况出发,对钢铁企业雨水资源应用的前景和需要解决的问题作了初步的分析。 相似文献
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"海绵城市"建设是我国应对城市雨水问题的新举措,目的是改善城市水文环境,促进城市雨水资源的可持续利用。国外尤其是发达国家已进行了多年的雨水利用理论研究与实践。对相关研究成果进行梳理并加以借鉴,将有助于促进我国"海绵城市"建设。通过文献分析法检索了世界知名出版社和数据库的相关论文,对国外近年来雨水资源利用的主要研究成果进行了总结和分类。结果表明,国外的雨水资源利用在雨水采集系统、技术应用、风险评价、社会学研究、低影响开发与最佳管理实践等领域取得了丰富的成果,在研究深度、广度和尺度上对我国的相关研究具有启发性。我国的"海绵城市"研究应吸收国外的优秀成果并与中国的城市特点相结合,全方位、系统性地开展研究和实践,为全国范围内的推广应用提供科学依据。 相似文献
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运用城市小区雨水资源收集回用系统成为了城市节约水资源新的途径。分析了乌鲁木齐晨光-佳苑住宅小区原有雨水收集回用状况,建议采用雨水入渗技术,对原有设计系统进行改造,增加新的雨水收集回用系统,探讨改造小区雨水收集回用系统的可行性,提出完善新增雨水收集回用系统的建议。 相似文献
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化工企业厂区初期雨水径流含有各种跑、冒、滴、漏的化学品或油品,为有效防止其对周围土壤和水体污染,本文根据化工项目初期雨水的水质、水量特点,提出了相应的收集和处理办法. 相似文献
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生命周期评价是一种对全过程资源消耗和环境影响进行分析与评价的方法,利用生命周期评价法对雨水收集处理方法进行评估分析对低影响开发雨水系统构建具有重要意义。根据《海绵城市建设技术指南—低影响开发雨水系统构建》的要求,对3种低影响开发雨水系统技术展开了生命周期评价。结果表明,绿色屋顶原材料最为环保,污染物排放最小;雨水花园产生的综合环境影响最小,水体污染物减排效应最为显著,环保优势较为明显;透水路面会对环境产生较大的负荷,应考虑环保材料、改进工艺等手段降低化石能源的消耗,从而减少雨水收集系统对环境所造成的负面影响。 相似文献
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Dennis J. Lye 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2002,38(5):1301-1306
ABSTRACT: Rainwater harvesting is receiving increased attention worldwide as an alternative source of drinking water. Although collected rainwater is typically consumed without any type of disinfection, the microbial quality of this type of water source can be poor. Around the world, consumers of collected and stored rainwater may be at considerable risk to a variety of infectious diseases. This review presents studies attributing specific risks of diseases to the consumption of contaminated rainwater. Diseases attributed to the consumption of untreated rainwater include bacterial diarrheas due to Salmonella and Campylobacter, bacterial pneumonia due to Legionella, botulism due to Clostridium, tissue helminths, and protozoal diarrheas from Giardia and Cryptosporidium. Simple indicator systems such as fecal coliform measurements may prove to be inadequate for determining microbial risks associated with consumption of water from rainwater catchment systems. 相似文献
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Domestic rainwater tanks have a long history in Australia, although more recently they have been common only in remote and rural areas. However, in some urban areas, recent drought conditions have led to the promotion of rainwater tanks to supplement domestic water supplies. Evidence suggests that water tank maintenance may be insufficient in many cases, leading to problems with water quality and the potential spread of vector-borne disease. Drawing on research into the impact of personal experience (i.e. procedural knowledge) relating to pro-environmental behaviour, a survey of urban residents with mandated rainwater tanks (N?=?746) was conducted. The study assessed whether past personal history of living with a tank influenced the frequency of tank maintenance behaviours. Analyses indicated that both childhood and prior adult experience with rainwater tanks were important in predicting adequate tank maintenance behaviour, particularly among males. The results also showed that attitudinal perceptions of water culture did not influence maintenance behaviour, whereas direct past experiences did, suggesting an important role for procedural knowledge. These results are discussed with reference to the promotion of tank maintenance and other pro-environmental behaviours through the development of future environmental policies designed to foster the development of pro-environmental skills to empower citizens. 相似文献
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Rainwater catchment is a valuable but frequently neglected alternative a domestic water supply in the developing world. In the arid and semi-arid areas of Kenya and Botswana a number of water supply programmes which depend wholly or in part on rainwater catchment are currently being implemented. This paper discusses this experience and describes the various construction techniques being used. It has been found that rainwater catchments has a number of very unique advantages and relatively few disadvantages. It is argued that more consideration should be given to the inclusion of rainwater catchment systems, especially in rural water supply programmes. 相似文献
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This paper proposes an optimization-based approach for designing rainwater harvesting systems for domestic use in a residential development. The optimization model accounts for the implementation of rainwater harvesting devices, pipes and reservoirs for the optimal sitting, collecting, storing and distribution of harvested rainwater. The optimization model consists in satisfying the water domestic demands and considers as objective function the minimization of the total annual cost associated to the fresh water, the capital costs for the catchment areas, storages and pumps, and the cost associated to the pumping, maintenance and treatment. A case study for a residential development in Morelia, Mexico is presented. The city of Morelia is characterized for having complications to satisfy the water demands, especially during dry seasons. The application of the proposed optimization approach shows that it is possible to satisfy a significant percentage of the domestic water demands using a harvesting rainwater system decreasing the associated cost in the time horizon. Several scenarios have been presented to show the potential solutions identified in the case study. 相似文献
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郑太福 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2010,20(3):33-35,43
雨水收集设施等水工程日益得到应用,需要解决雨水收集设施等水工程设施收集的水资源的所有权。因大气降水是一种自由资源,不属于《宪法》中的"水流"或《水法》中的"水资源"的范畴,雨水收集设施等水工程设施收集的水资源所有权不能适用《宪法》、《水法》的规定,而是取决于雨水收集设施等水工程设施的所有权。雨水收集设施等水工程设施不是土地的组成部分,所有权包括国家所有、集体所有、其他组织和个人所有等形式,因此,雨水收集设施等水工程设施收集的水资源所有权自然包括国家所有、集体所有、其他组织和个人所有。但水工程设施不是公益性、大中型的水利设施,允许其他投资主体投资,其所有权应以集体、个人所有为主要形式 相似文献
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Optimisation of rainwater tank design from large roofs: A case study in Melbourne, Australia 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Monzur Alam Imteaz Abdallah ShanablehAtaur Rahman Amimul Ahsan 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2011,55(11):1022-1029
Rainwater tanks for larger roof areas need optimisation of tank size, which is often not carried out before installation of these tanks. This paper presents a case study of rainwater tank evaluation and design for large roof areas, located in Melbourne, Australia, based on observed daily rainfall data representing three different climatic regimes (i.e. dry average, and wet years). With the aim of developing a comprehensive Decision Support Tool for the performance analysis and design of rainwater tanks, a simple spreadsheet based daily water balance model is developed using daily rainfall data, contributing roof area, rainfall loss factor, available storage volume, tank overflow and irrigation water demand. In this case study, two (185 m3 and 110 m3) underground rainwater tanks are considered. Using the developed model, effectiveness of each tank under different climatic scenarios are assessed. The analysis shows that both the tanks are quite effective in wet and average years, however less effective in dry years. A payback period analysis of the tanks is preformed which reveals that the total construction cost of the tanks can be recovered within 15-21 years time depending on tank size, climatic conditions and future water price increase rates. For the tanks, a relationship between water price increase rates and payback periods is developed. The study highlights the need for detailed optimisation and financial analysis for large rainwater tanks to maximise the benefits. 相似文献
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Jennifer Steffen Mark Jensen Christine A. Pomeroy Steven J. Burian 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2013,49(4):810-824
This article presents an analysis of the projected performance of urban residential rainwater harvesting systems in the United States (U.S.). The objectives are to quantify for 23 cities in seven climatic regions (1) water supply provided from rainwater harvested at a residential parcel and (2) stormwater runoff reduction from a residential drainage catchment. Water‐saving efficiency is determined using a water‐balance approach applied at a daily time step for a range of rainwater cistern sizes. The results show that performance is a function of cistern size and climatic pattern. A single rain barrel (190 l [50 gal]) installed at a residential parcel is able to provide approximately 50% water‐saving efficiency for the nonpotable indoor water demand scenario in cities of the East Coast, Southeast, Midwest, and Pacific Northwest, but <30% water‐saving efficiency in cities of the Mountain West, Southwest, and most of California. Stormwater management benefits are quantified using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model. The results indicate that rainwater harvesting can reduce stormwater runoff volume up to 20% in semiarid regions, and less in regions receiving greater rainfall amounts for a long‐term simulation. Overall, the results suggest that U.S. cities and individual residents can benefit from implementing rainwater harvesting as a stormwater control measure and as an alternative source of water. 相似文献