长霉试验方法介绍

文章着重介绍MJL-STD-810长霉试验方法,并同IEC和JB进行了比较.对试验菌种.温湿度条件、试验程序和评定等级作了探讨.     

温度冲击试验标准的介绍和分析

本文从试验目的和应用对象对试验设备要求和试验条件等方面对GJB 150、GB 2423、810F三个系列标准的温度冲击试验进行了介绍和分析,指出了其共同点和不同点,重点说明温度冲击与温度变化试验概念上的区别,简单介绍了810F中的基于高温循环的温度冲击试验程序的应用和该程序中高温循环部分的实施方法.     

电工电子产品气候试验方法和试验严酷等级的选择

产品在实际使用环境下会遭受各种不同环境因素的作用.正确选择试验方法和试验严酷等级,对获取真实的试验结果至关重要.作者介绍了电工电子产品的高低温、温变、湿热、太阳辐射、大气腐蚀加速、长霉、低气压、温度(高低温)/低气压以及低温低气压和湿热连续综合试验方法和试验严酷等级的选择方法.     

非金属材料的氙灯曝露试验概述

氙灯曝露试验是非金属材料的耐候性和耐光性测试的主要方法之一,本文着重介绍了氙灯曝露试验的原理、试验条件在当前的氙灯曝露试验设备上的物理实现、主要的氙灯试验标准以及氙灯曝露试验应考虑的因素.     

汽车零部件耐腐蚀测试研究分析

本文介绍了汽车零部件的四种耐腐蚀试验,它们的用途、主要特点和评价方法.     

道路车辆电子电器设备的凝露试验

ISO16750-4:2010(3Ed)道路车辆电气及电子设备的环境条件和试验气候负荷增加了凝露试验.就凝露试验,介绍一些标准起草中的技术背景和标准文字中的未尽之言;也指出一些试验实践中应予把握的要点.     

电子设备可靠性加速试验方法的研究与应用

本文简要介绍了可靠性加速试验的几个实施阶段,分析了可靠性加速试验的适用对象.以某型舰船电子设备为案例,对综合环境条件下的振动应力、温度循环进行加速,给出了振动应力和温度循环综合后的加速因子计算方法,得到了加速条件下的环境剖面和等效试验时间.通过案例可以看出,可靠性加速试验不仅能够缩短试验时间、降低试验费用,而且可以快速...     

缸内直喷汽油发动机电子装备振动环境试验的标准化和要点

对缸内直喷汽油发动机上装用的电子装备振动环境试验标准化过程和要点作了介绍.也列举了一些验证中可能产生影响的因素.供产品标准制修订和实验室在设计试验时参考.     

设备运输振动试验方法探讨

本文详细介绍了设备运输试验的情况与方法要求和方法,提出了对我国运输试验的建议和意见,可以作为设计和安排运输试验的参考与借鉴.     

环境适应性试验项目的选择

介绍低气压试验、高低温试验、湿热试验、IP防护等级试验、振动试验、冲击和碰撞试验、盐雾试验等试验项目的考核目的和相应试验参数,分析上述试验项目的适用范围。并根据当前产品的发展状况,简单介绍环境试验项目的组合和试验顺序。     

电驱动道路车辆动力锂离子电池系统气候环境试验和要求

本文是电驱动道路车辆动力锂离子电池的试验和要求标题下的气候环境部分,结合国标转化过程和实验室能力验证经历,将气候试验方法和要求作描述和解释,供实验室和相关产品的供需双方参考.     

电驱动道路车辆动力锂离子电池系统力学环境试验和要求

本文是电驱动道路车辆动力锂离子电池的试验和要求标题下的力学环境部分.结合国标转化过程和实验室能力验证经历,将力学环境试验方法和要求作描述和解释.供实验室和相关产品的供需方双参考.     

电驱动道路车辆动力锂离子电池芯性能试验条件和要求

本文是电驱动道路车辆动力锂离子电池的试验和要求标题下的电池芯性能试验部分。结合国标转化过程和实验室能力验证经历,将锂离子电池芯的性能试验方法和要求作描述和解释。供实验室和相关产品的供需双方参考。     

电驱动道路车辆 动力锂离子电池系统寿命循环试验条件和要求

本文是电驱动道路车辆动力锂离子电池的试验和要求标题下的电池系统寿命循环试验部分。结合国标转化过程和实验室能力验证经历,将寿命循环试验方法和要求作描述和解释。供实验室和相关产品的供需双方参考。     

电驱动道路车辆动力锂离子电池组和电池系统性能试验条件和要求

本文是电驱动道路车辆动力锂离子电池的试验和要求标题下的电池组和电池系统性能试验部分。结合国标转化过程和实验室能力验证经历,在能量、容量、功率、内阻、能效和损耗等性能试验方法和要求作了具体的描述和解释。供实验室和相关产品的供需方双参考。     

典型工况下机车牵引电机轴承润滑油失效机理初步分析

从润滑油的基础知识、轴承失效形式及机理等方面入手,重点分析机车牵引电机轴承润滑油在典型工况下的失效机理,找出机车牵引电机轴承润滑油在典型工况下的主要性能指标、检测方法以及各种试验规范,为典型工况下,轴承润滑油的失效分析提供理论和试验依据。     

Comparison study and parameter identification of three battery models for an off-grid photovoltaic system

There is growing interest in solar batteries, especially for photovoltaic (PV) applications. Therefore, an accurate battery model is required for the PV system because of its influence on system efficiency. Several mathematical models of batteries have been described in the scientific literature. However, this paper reviews three electrochemical models most commonly used for PV systems, such as Shepherd, Manegon and Coppetti, in order to define the most appropriate model for PV systems. This paper discusses an application of the pattern search optimization technique to extract the parameters of three battery models derived from experimental test results obtained from sealed gelled lead acid batteries for both charge and discharge modes. A comparative case and regression analysis based on statistical tests and a quantitative method were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the updated model from the three aforementioned. The simulation results and tests performed on the battery charge and discharge modes lead us as well to approve the algorithm’s accuracy regarding the updated model.     

The Design of a New Energy-conservation Type Solar-powered Lighting System Using a High‐pressure Sodium Lamp

This study designs and applies a new energy-conservation type solar-powered lighting system using a high-pressure sodium lamp to areas not having any utility company's electricity. The proposed system uses a zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) DC/DC converter in the batteries’ charge circuit to reduce the switching loss for a higher charging efficiency. Said system also adopts the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique to maximize the solar panels’ photovoltaic conversion capability. When dark, the batteries in the proposed system will discharge, with a raised voltage, through a push-pull DC/DC converter; said voltage, as the input voltage of the series-parallel resonant inverter, will be regulated to dim the lamp. To enable the efficient usage of the batteries’ stored energy capacity, this control scheme of the proposed system may adjust the night-time discharge time lengths, according to season difference, and compute the usable capacity for the load, according to the batteries’ charged voltage, so as to select a suitable pre-scheduled light-dimming curve for the lamp to achieve energy conservation for the batteries and continuity in lighting when dark.     

Economies of scale for future lithium-ion battery recycling infrastructure

While lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology has improved substantially to achieve better performance in a wide variety of applications, this technological progress has led to a diverse mix of batteries in use that ultimately require waste management. Development of a robust end-of-life battery infrastructure requires a better understanding of how to maximize the economic opportunity of battery recycling while mitigating the uncertainties associated with a highly variable waste stream. This paper develops and applies an optimization model to analyze the profitability of recycling facilities given current estimates of LIB technologies, commodity market prices of materials expected to be recovered, and material composition for three common battery types (differentiated on the basis of cathode chemistry). Sensitivity analysis shows that the profitability is highly dependent on the expected mix of cathode chemistries in the waste stream and the resultant variability in material mass and value. The potential values of waste streams comprised of different cathode chemistry types show a variability ranging from $860 per ton¹ for LiMn₂O₄ cathode batteries to $8900 per ton for LiCoO₂ cathode batteries. In addition, these initial results and a policy case study can also help to promote end-of-life management and relative policymaking for spent LIBs.     

Li-ion battery recycling and cobalt flow analysis in Japan

Batteries sometimes contain precious or toxic substances (e.g. nickel, cobalt, lead, mercury, cadmium). However, the collection and recycling rate of small batteries were low in Japan.We focus on cobalt in lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries and conduct chemical analysis, questioner survey and flow analysis in Japan.Results of chemical analysis showed that the concentration of cobalt in Li-ion batteries was around 20% regardless of the year manufactured or the manufacturer. As a result of the consumer questionnaire survey, it became clear that 70% or more of the small batteries are not being removed when small electronic products are finally disposed. The survey also revealed that recognition of the law and system for collection and recycling of small rechargeable batteries is approximately 30–40%. Substance flow analysis showed that both production and demand for Li-ion batteries (cobalt) have increased during 2002–2010. The collection rate for used Li-ion batteries was about 10% during this period; uncollected batteries were either stored or disposed through incineration and landfill as municipal solid waste.