Removal of anaerobic soluble microbial products in a biological activated carbon reactor

The soluble microbial products (SMP) in the biological treatment effluent are generally of great amount and are poorly biodegradable. Focusing on the biodegradation of anaerobic SMP, the biological activated carbon (BAC) was introduced into the anaerobic system. The experiments were conducted in two identical lab-scale up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors. The high strength organics were degraded in the first UASB reactor (UASB1) and the second UASB (UASB2, i.e., BAC) functioned as a polishing step to remove SMP produced in UASB1. The results showed that 90% of the SMP could be removed before granular activated carbon was saturated. After the saturation, the SMP removal decreased to 60% on the average. Analysis of granular activated carbon adsorption revealed that the main role of SMP removal in BAC reactor was biodegradation. A strain of SMP-degrading bacteria, which was found highly similar to Klebsiella sp., was isolated, enriched and inoculated back to the BAC reactor. When the influent chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 10,000 mg/L and the organic loading rate achieved 10 kg COD/(m 3 ·day), the effluent from the BAC reactor could meet the discharge standard without further treatment. Anaerobic BAC reactor inoculated with the isolated Klebsiella was proved to be an effective, cheap and easy technical treatment approach for the removal of SMP in the treatment of easily-degradable wastewater with COD lower than 10,000 mg/L.     

氨氮和硫酸盐对谷氨酸厌氧生物降解性能的抑制及机理

采用连续运行1119d的上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器,研究了最佳有机负荷条件下氨氮和硫酸盐对模拟废水中谷氨酸降解性能的抑制作用.结果表明,有机负荷为8.0g COD/（L·d）时,COD去除率达到最高值为（97.94±0.28）%.逐步提高进水氨氮浓度,起初对谷氨酸降解性能的影响不大;但升到2000mg/L时COD去除率和甲烷产率明显降低,继续升至4000mg/L时即达到半抑制状态.逐步提高进水硫酸盐浓度至4000mg/L,甲烷产率和溶液中游离硫化氢（FS）浓度分别呈现一直下降和升高趋势,但COD去除率均能维持在90%以上.进水中的氨氮和硫酸盐分别因离解平衡和生物还原作用形成游离氨（FAN）和FS,进而抑制了产甲烷菌的活性;前者因FAN扩散到细胞内部破坏质子平衡从而过多消耗ATP,后者还因硫酸盐还原菌的增殖存在底物竞争抑制作用.     

氨氮和硫酸盐对谷氨酸厌氧生物降解性能的抑制及机理

采用连续运行1119d的上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器,研究了最佳有机负荷条件下氨氮和硫酸盐对模拟废水中谷氨酸降解性能的抑制作用.结果表明,有机负荷为8.0g COD/（L·d）时,COD去除率达到最高值为（97.94±0.28）%.逐步提高进水氨氮浓度,起初对谷氨酸降解性能的影响不大;但升到2000mg/L时COD去除率和甲烷产率明显降低,继续升至4000mg/L时即达到半抑制状态.逐步提高进水硫酸盐浓度至4000mg/L,甲烷产率和溶液中游离硫化氢（FS）浓度分别呈现一直下降和升高趋势,但COD去除率均能维持在90%以上.进水中的氨氮和硫酸盐分别因离解平衡和生物还原作用形成游离氨（FAN）和FS,进而抑制了产甲烷菌的活性;前者因FAN扩散到细胞内部破坏质子平衡从而过多消耗ATP,后者还因硫酸盐还原菌的增殖存在底物竞争抑制作用.     

高氮渗滤液缺氧/厌氧UASB-SBR工艺低温深度脱氮

在低温条件下,采用缺氧/厌氧UASB-SBR组合工艺处理实际垃圾填埋场渗滤液.结果表明,该工艺可实现有机物和氮的同步、深度去除.在进水COD平均为11950.2mg/L,NH4+-N为982.7mg/L的条件下,出水分别为390.1mg/L和2.9mg/L,去除率分别为96.7%和99.7%.同时,缺氧UASB1反应器的最大COD负荷达到13kg/(m3×d),最大COD去除速率为12.39 kg/(m3×d),具有高效缺氧反硝化和高效厌氧降解有机物反应的双重功效, 在SBR反应器的缺氧段和缺氧UASB,反应器内获得了99%以上的反硝化率.对于冬季水温分别为14.9,14.1,13.5,11.05℃的低温条件下,SBR反应器实现了完全硝化和反硝化,出水TN分别为4.1,5.7,14.1,16.5mg/L,达到了深度脱氮的目的.此外,在上述温度范围内,温度对反硝化速率(rN)的影响大于对硝化速率 (rDN)的影响, rN/rDN比值相对恒定.     

厌氧酸化-好氧光合细菌法处理含硫酸盐高浓度有机废水

采用抑制硫酸盐还原的厌氧酸化工艺与两级好氧光合细菌工艺组合技术,处理含硫酸盐高浓度有机废水,实现了硫酸盐不转化状态下的污染物高效去除.结果表明,当连续流酸化反应器内挥发酸浓度达31112mgCOD/L以上时,硫酸盐还原将被完全抑制.酸化段采用CODCr为44251mg/L的较高进水浓度,容积负荷25.0kgCOD/(m³·d),出水经稀释后进入容积负荷为4.0kgCOD/(m³·d)的两级好氧膜法光合细菌反应器,最终COD_Cr去除率达99.0%,总氮去除率67.5%,而硫酸盐还原被完全抑制.在两级PSB反应器中,PSB2反应器主要起脱氮作用,较高的DO(5.0～6.0mg/L)有利于脱氮.     

Biodegradability of terephthalic acid in terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater

As the characteristic pollutant,terephthalic acid(TA)was in charge of 40%-78% of the total COD of terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater(TPW-water).The studies on biodegradability of TA were conducted in a serial of activated sludge reactors with TPW-water.TA appeared to be readily biodegradable with removal efficiency over 96.5% under aerobic conditions,hardly biodegradable with removal efficiency below 10% under anoxic conditions and slowly biodegradable with a turnover between 31.4% and 56.0% under anaerobic conditions. TA also accounted for the majority of BOD in TPW-water.The process combined by anoxic,anaerobic and aerobic activated sludge reactor was suitable for TA degradation and TPW-water treatment.Further, the aerobic process was essentially much more effective than the anaerobic or anoxic one to degrade TA in TPW-water.     

Organic matter and concentrated nitrogen removal by shortcut nitrification and denitrification from mature municipal landfill leachate

An UASB＋Anoxic/Oxic （A/O） system was introduced to treat a mature landfill leachate with low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and high ammonia concentration. To make the best use of the biodegradable COD in the leaehate, the denitrifieation of NOx^--N in the reeireulation effluent from the elarifier was carried out in the UASB. The results showed that most biodegradable organic matters were removed by the denitrifieation in the UASB. The NH4^＋-N loading rate （ALR） of A/O reactor and operational temperature was 0.28- 0.60 kg NH4^＋-N/（m^3-d） and 17-29℃ during experimental period, respectively. The short-cut nitrification with nitrite accumulation efficiency of 90%-99% was stabilized during the whole experiment. The NH4^＋-N removal efficiency varied between 90% and 100%. When ALR was less than 0.45 kg NH4^＋-N/（m^3.d）, the NH4^＋-N removal efficiency was more than 98%. With the influent NH4^＋-N of 1200-1800 mg/L, the effluent NH4^＋-N was less than 15 mg/L. The shortcut nitrification and denitrifieation can save 40% carbon source, with a highly efficient denitrifieation taking place in the UASB. When the ratio of the feed COD to feed NH4^＋-N was only 2-3, the total inorganic nitrogen （TIN） removal efficiency attained 67%-80%. Besides, the sludge samples from A/O reactor were analyzed using FISH. The FISH analysis revealed that ammonia oxidation bacteria （AOB） accounted for 4% of the total eubaeterial population, whereas nitrite oxidation bacteria （NOB） accounted only for 0.2% of the total eubaeterial population.     

Degradation of phenol in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at ambient temperature

IntroductionPhenolistherawmaterialforthecommercialproductionofawidevarietyofresins ,includingphenolicresinsasconstructionmaterialsforautomobilesandappliances,expoxyresinsasadhesives ,andpolyamideforvariousapplications.Inaddition ,phenolsareoftenfoundinwas…     

Degradation of phenol in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor at ambient temperatureKE

A synthetic wastewater containing phenol as sole substrate was treated in a 2.8 L upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor at ambient temperature. The operation conditions and phenol removal efficiency were discussed, microbial population in the UASB sludge was identified based on DNA cloning, and pathway of anaerobic phenol degradation was proposed. Phenol in wastewater was degraded in an UASB reactor at loading rate up to 18 gCOD/(L·d), With a 1:1 recycle ratio, at 26(1℃, pH 7.0-7.5. An UASB reactor was able to remove 99% of phenol up to 1226 mg/L in wastewater with 24 h of hydraulic retention time(HRT). For HRT below 24 h, phenol degradation efficiency decreased with HRT, from 95.4% at 16 h to 93.8% at 12 h. It further deteriorated to 88.5% when HRT reached 8 h. When the concentration of influent phenol of the reactor was 1260 mg/L(corresponding COD 3000 mg/L), with the HRT decreasing(from 40 h to 4 h, corresponding COD loading increasing), the biomass yields tended to increase from 0.265 to 3.08 g/(L·d). While at 12 h of HRT, the biomass yield was lower. When HRT was 12 h, the methane yield was 0.308 L/(gCOD removed), which was the highest. Throughout the study, phenol was the sole organic substrate. The effluent contained only residual phenol without any detectable intermediates, such as benzoate, 4-hydrobenzoate or volatile fatty acids(VFAs). Based on DNA cloning analysis, the sludge was composed of five groups of microorganisms. Desulfotomaculum and Clostridium were likely responsible for the conversion of phenol to benzoate, which was further degraded by Syntrophus to acetate and H2/CO2. Methanogens lastly converted acetate and H2/CO2 to methane. The role of epsilon-Proteobacteria was, however, unsure.     

林可霉素生产废水的厌氧生物处理工艺

采用单相中温升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器厌氧生物工艺处理含有有毒难降解有机物的林可霉素生产废水.当进水COD 8000～14000 mg/L,HRT约10h时,COD容积负荷可达20～35kg/(m³·d),COD去除率为50%～55%.适时调整并维持较高的表面水力负荷[0.2～0.4 m³/(m²·h)]、较高的进水有机基质浓度(COD为2000～3000mg/L)和污泥COD负荷[0.2～0.5 kg/(kg·d)],并适当延长启动驯化时间可培养出沉降性好、污泥活性较高的颗粒污泥.废水厌氧生物降解动力学符合Monod方程,动力学常数V_max=1.3 d^-1,K_s=8133mg/L.废水中不可生物降解物质占总COD的比例约为30%,这是废水COD去除率偏低的重要因素.     

UASB改进工艺处理橡胶助剂废水的中试研究

利用改进的UASB厌氧生物反应器对橡胶助剂废水的中试研究表明 ,该工艺能够有效地处理这种难降解废水。在试验过程中 ,进水浓度COD为 50 0 0～ 1 2 0 0 0mg/L ,pH >8.0 ,通过对污泥的驯化培养 ,COD去除率达 80 %左右 ,运行的容积负荷可达 6.0kgCOD/ (m3·d) ,pH稳定在 7.3左右 ,能够达到预定要求并为后续的好氧处理提供保证     

Advanced landfill leachate treatment using a two-stage UASB-SBR system at low temperature

A two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) and sequencing batch reactor(SBR) system was introduced to treat landfill leachate for advanced removal of COD and nitrogen at low temperature.In order to improve the total nitrogen(TN) removal efficiency and to reduce the COD requirement for denitrification,the raw leachate with recycled SBR nitrification supernatant was pumped into the first-stage UASB(UASB1) to achieve simultaneous denitrification and methanogenesis.The results showed that UASB1 played an important role in COD removal and UASB2 and SBR further enhanced the nutrient removal efficiency.When the organic loading rates of UASB1,UASB2 and SBR were 11.95,1.63 and 1.29 kg COD/(m3·day),respectively,the total COD removal efficiency of the whole system reached 96.7%.The SBR acted as the real undertaker for NH4+-N removal due to aerobic nitrification.The system obtained about 99.7% of NH4+-N removal efficiency at relatively low temperature(14.9-10.9°C).More than 98.3% TN was removed through complete denitrification in UASB1 and SBR.In addition,temperature had a significant effiect on the rates of nitrification and denitrification rather than the removal of TN and NH4+-N once the complete nitrification and denitrification were achieved.     

Nitrogen removal via nitrite from municipal landfill leachate

A system consisting of a two-stage up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB), an anoxic/aerobic (A/O) reactor and a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), was used to treat landfill leachate. During operation, denitrification and methanogenesis took place simultaneously in the first stage UASB, and the e uent chemical oxygen demand (COD) was further removed in the second stage UASB. Then the denitrification of nitrite and nitrate in the returned sludge by using the residual COD was accomplished in the A/O reactor, and ammonia was removed via nitrite in it. Last but not least, the residual ammonia was removed in SBR as well as nitrite and nitrate which were produced by nitrification. The results over 120 d (60 d for phase I and 60 d for phase II) were as follows: when the total nitrogen (TN) concentration of influent leachate was about 2500 mg/L and the ammonia nitrogen concentration was about 2000 mg/L, the shortcut nitrification with 85%–90% nitrite accumulation was achieved stably in the A/O reactor. The TN and ammonia nitrogen removal e ciencies of the system were 98% and 97%, respectively. The residual ammonia, nitrite and nitrate produced during nitrification in the A/O reactor could be washed out almost completely in SBR. The TN and ammonia nitrogen concentrations of final e uent were about 39 mg/L and 12 mg/L, respectively.     

探讨UASB反应器处理浓缩果汁废水的控制条件

文章用厌氧颗粒污泥接种启动UASB反应器,通过调节碱度和出水回流来实现浓缩果汁废水在低碱度下的稳定运行。研究结果表明:经35天UASB反应器可完全启动,负荷为9.5gCOD(/L·d),COD去除率在80%以上;回流比为0.3,进水碱度和pH值分别为1500mg/L和6.75、1000mg/L和6.52时,反应器能够稳定运行;采用出水回流的方法可以使酸性的浓缩果汁废水厌氧处理大幅度降低用碱量甚至完全不加碱的条件下实现稳定运行,本试验在回流比为8~10时,反应器也有很好的处理效果。通过对其控制条件实验室研究,显著的降低了浓缩果汁废水的处理成本,在工程上具有广泛的应用性。     

UASB反应器处理CMC废水的启动特性研究

采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器,以高浓度羧甲基纤维素(CMC)废水为处理对象,研究了中温条件下UASB反应器的启动、颗粒污泥特性和废水处理效果.结果表明,采用接种颗粒污泥与消化污泥的混合泥进行培养,并逐步提高进水CMC废水浓度,运行80 d后,可实现UASB反应器的启动;当进水COD值达到4 000 mg/L,容积负荷6.86 kg/(m3.d),COD去除率在80%以上;反应器内污泥实现颗粒化,且颗粒污泥的比产甲烷活性良好.     

厌氧UASB－好氧工艺处理染料废水的研究

报道厌氧,好氧工艺处理染料废水的试验结果,厌氧段采用ＵＡＳＢ反应器,好氧段采用普通活性污泥法。试验结果表明,进水ＣＯＤ１１５０－１３００ｍｇ／Ｌ色度５００倍的染料废水,在厌氧段停留６－１０ｈ,可获得６０％以上的ＣＯＤ去除率,色度降到５０－１００倍,后续曝气６ｈ,总ＣＯＤ去除率可达８５％－９０％,色度降至２０倍左右,进出水的光谱分析揭示,染料废水的脱色主要发生在厌氧段,并且通过生物降解作用来实现。从     

UBF与UASB两相厌氧系统处理Zn5-ASA医药废水的研究

采用以铁屑为填料的UBF反应器作酸化相、以UASB反应器作甲烷相的两相厌氧系统处理Zn5-ASA医药废水。实验结果表明:此系统在UBF与USAB的HRT分别控制在5.95h和11.43h时,UBF与UASB的OLR(以COD计)分别高达58.44和17.01kg/(m3.d),对SCOD和BOD₅的总去除率分别达90%和95%左右,具有系统运行稳定、处理效率高等优点。系统中UBF反应器所选用的铁屑填料,通过微电解作用,能够有效提高废水的可生化性,且可省去通常的调碱工序,为难降解有机废水的处理开辟了新途径。      

pH6.0酸性条件下产甲烷EGSB反应器的运行研究

采用中性颗粒污泥接种,运行一个3.1L的EGSB反应器共345d,通过逐步降低pH值,获得了耐酸的产甲烷颗粒污泥并实现厌氧反应器在低pH、低碱度条件下的稳定运行.在pH 6.0,进水COD 3000mg/L,COD容积负荷5kg/(m³·d)时,反应器的COD平均去除率为95.0%,出水总碱度(以CaCO₃计)仅为328.5mg/L,每g去除COD的沼气产量为372.2mL,沼气中甲烷含量约为57.6%;在进水COD 4 000mg/L,COD容积负荷7.5kg/(m³·d)时,COD平均去除率为90.9%,出水总碱度仅为404.8mg/L,每g去除COD的沼气产量为446.3mL,甲烷含量约为55.9%.EGSB反应器在pH6.0～6.1的范围内共运行112d,表明在低pH、低碱度下实现稳定的产甲烷过程是可行的.     

常温下内循环厌氧反应器的启动研究

研究了内循环厌氧反应器(IC反应器)在常温下处理葡萄糖配水的启动特性。结果表明:在运行温度为25~35℃的条件下,反应器经70 d启动完成,且IC反应器具有较好的处理效果,反应器内能形成大量的颗粒污泥。启动完成后,进水COD浓度在3 000 mg/L左右时,COD去除率一直保持在95%以上,出水COD浓度维持在200 mg/L左右。当HRT为5.8 h,容积负荷为11.9 kg/(m3.d)时,出水VFA低于200 mg/L,产气量为33 L/d,反应器运行正常。     

生产规模中药废水两相厌氧生物处理工艺研究

采用两相厌氧-好氧工艺系统治理哈尔滨中药二厂高浓度难降解有机生产废水,通过两相厌氧工艺的运行效果,分析了其在工艺系统中的作用.生产性试验突破了中药废水生物处理技术始终停留在原水COD低于5000mg/L、可生化性良好的易处理废水上的研究现状.现场调试运行结果表明:在进水浓度多为7000～40000mg/L且废水可生化性差(BOD₅/COD<0.2)的情况下,产酸相反应器的日平均COD容积负荷可达到20～30kg/(m³·d),平均COD去除率为47.1%;产甲烷相反应器27d启动成功,其COD容积负荷可达到6.0～7.0kg/(m³·d),平均COD去除率为94.06%;两相厌氧工艺系统COD总去除率可达93.0%以上,是整个工艺系统出水达标排放的重要前提.