A novel technology for quick acclimation of an anaerobic microbial consortia used for biodegrading teraphthalic acid (TA)

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含对苯二甲酸有机废水厌氧降解动力学

含易降解有机物的对苯二甲酸（TA）有机废水在厌氧处理时,其中易降解有机质通过甲烷发酵被优先利用,其中间代谢物对对苯二甲酸的降解有抑制作用,同时,TA自身的降解也存在底物抑制现象本文建立了有易降解有机质存在时TA厌氧降解的抑制动力学模型方程并利用非残性回归,确定了模型参数实验数据对该动力学方程能较好地拟合在此基础上提出了两段厌氧处理新工艺。     

有机黏土生物流化床处理对苯二甲酸废水

采用有机黏土为载体的两段三相生物流化床处理对苯二甲酸(TA),研究其处理有机污染物的能力.结果表明,在TA负荷低于3.5kg/(m3穌)时,有机黏土生物流化床能稳定运行,前段出水中TA和总有机碳(TOC)的去除率分别大于97%和96%.在高负荷时,有机黏土生物流化床平均去除率比不加黏土的活性污泥对照床高15%,出水水质也相对稳定.因此,有机黏土生物流化床是一种高效的生物反应器.     

Purified terephthalic acid wastewater biodegradation and toxicity

The biodegradation and toxicity of the purified terephthalic acid（PTA） processing wastewater was researched at NJYZ pilot with the fusant strain Fhhh in the carrier activated sludge process（ CASP）. Sludge loading rate（SLR） for Fhhh to COD of the wastewater was 1.09 d^-1 and to PTA in the wastewater was 0.29 d^-1. The results of bioassay at the pilot and calculation with software Ebis3 showed that the 48h-LC50 （median lethal concentration） to Daphnia magna for the PTA concentration in the wastewater was only 1/10 of that for the chemical PTA. There were .5 kinds of benzoate pollutants and their toxicities existing in the wastewater at least. The toxicity parameter value of the pure chemical PTA cannot be used to predicate the PTA wastewater toxicity. The toxicity of the NJYZ PTA wastewater will be discussed in detail in this paper.     

Anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing methanol in upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor

The direct conversion of methanol into methane is the main process in anaerobic treatment of methanol containing wastewater. However, acetic acid can also be produced from methanol theoretically, which may probably result in an abrupt pH drop and deteriorate the anaerobic process. Therefore, it is interesting to know what would really happen in an anaerobic reactor treating methanol wastewater. In this study, an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor treating methanol wastewater was operated. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), acetic acid and pH of the effluent were monitored at different loadings and influent alkalinity. The results showed that the anaerobic reactor could be operated steadily at as low as 119 mg/L of influent alkalinity and high organic loading rate with no obvious pH drops. Volatile fatty acids accumulation was not observed even at strong shock loadings. The microorganisms in the sludge at the end of the test became homogeneous in morphology, which were mainly spherical or spheroidal in shape. __________ Translated from China Water & Wastewater, 2006, 22(13): 42–44,48 [译自: 中国给水排水]     

基于PCA-LSSVM的厌氧废水处理系统出水VFA在线预测模型

采用IC厌氧废水处理系统处理人工合成废水,并利用PCA-LSSVM模型对系统出水挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)进行预测.首先利用主成分分析法(PCA)分析影响厌氧废水出水VFA浓度的多个变量的相关性并降低输入变量维数,然后用网格搜索结合10倍交叉验证优化LSSVM模型参数sig2和gam,最后利用建立的模型对实验数据进行仿真预测.仿真结果表明,稳态LSSVM模型对稳态条件下厌氧废水处理系统出水VFA具有很好的仿真预测能力,相对误差在4.72%以内,平均相对百分比误差(MAPE)为1.61%,均方根误差(RMSE)为1.08,相关系数达0.9996;稳态干扰LSSVM模型对厌氧废水处理系统出水VFA的仿真预测精度有所降低但仍然具有较好的预测能力,平均相对百分比误差(MAPE)为15.83%,均方根误差(RMSE)为15.45,相关系数为0.9984,该方法可为厌氧出水VFA在线预测和厌氧废水处理系统的优化控制提供指导.     

Biodegradability of terephthalic acid in terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater

As the characteristic pollutant,terephthalic acid(TA)was in charge of 40%-78% of the total COD of terylene artificial silk printing and dyeing wastewater(TPW-water).The studies on biodegradability of TA were conducted in a serial of activated sludge reactors with TPW-water.TA appeared to be readily biodegradable with removal efficiency over 96.5% under aerobic conditions,hardly biodegradable with removal efficiency below 10% under anoxic conditions and slowly biodegradable with a turnover between 31.4% and 56.0% under anaerobic conditions. TA also accounted for the majority of BOD in TPW-water.The process combined by anoxic,anaerobic and aerobic activated sludge reactor was suitable for TA degradation and TPW-water treatment.Further, the aerobic process was essentially much more effective than the anaerobic or anoxic one to degrade TA in TPW-water.     

厌氧流化床反应器处理含硫废水毒性的实验

采用多孔聚合物载体固定化微生物在厌氧流化床（AFB）反应器中处理含硫废水,研究反应器抗硫化物（S^2－）毒性抑制和抗硫酸盐毒性抑制的能力;探索解除 S^2－毒性的方法．研究表明,当进料基质 COD浓度为 5000mg/L,HRT为5.2－5.4h,S^2－＜200mg/L时,反应器去除 COD效果不受影响,S^2－350mg/L时,厌氧消化受到明显抑制,反应器可容忍530mg/L S^2－浓度而未造成消化系统的破坏;SO₄^2－浓度高达3521mg/L,COD去除率仍可达77％－80％,但SO₄^2－去除率明显下降;当COD/SO₄^2－的比值大于1.45时,硫酸盐还原菌和产甲烷菌的生长未受到明显抑制,此时容积负荷为22－24kgCOD/（m³>·d）,COD去除率为80％,SO₄^2－去除率为58.8％;向反应器投加适量FeCl₂可很好地解除S^2－的抑制．     

高浓度有机废水厌氧膜生物工艺处理的中试研究

高浓度有机废水ADUF工艺处理的中试研究结果表明 ,(1)厌氧池污泥SRT为 5 0d时 ,不仅COD去除率高 ,膜水通量也更稳定 ;(2 ) pH值宜采用在线控制为 7 0 ,温度则应在材质允许范围内尽可能高些 (本实验中为 39℃ ) ;(3)污泥负荷在1 0— 3 5kg/ (kg·d)之间时 ,污泥负荷对ADUF工艺的运行效果没有影响     

硝酸盐对降解对苯二甲酸厌氧污泥驯化的影响

硝酸盐在通过反硝化作用加速菌体生长的同时,对污泥中降解ＴＡ菌群的形成有进一步的诱导作用。经过６周的驯化其对ＴＡ的比降能力达到１８．７５ｍｇ／（ｄＶＳＳ．ｄ）,而对照组为１０．２８ｍｇ／（ｇＶＳＳ．ｄ）研究结果还显示,经过２－３周可以完成从反硝化作用到产甲烷作用的转化。     

含硫酸盐高浓度有机废水酸化规律研究

以糖蜜酒精废液为材料,通过梯度稀释和序批式酸化实验,研究了含硫酸盐高浓度有机废水的一般酸化规律.结果表明,糖质废水酸化的挥发酸(VFA)组分以乙酸和丁酸为主要形式;VFA对硫酸盐还原的完全抑制浓度介于23553～35241mg/L(以COD计)之间;VFA对产酸过程的反馈抑制浓度介于35241～37109mg/L之间;不同稀释度废水酸化后的可生化性提高幅度平均为10%.     

Acid resistance of methanogenic bacteria in a two-stage anaerobic process treating high concentration methanol Wastewater

In this study, the two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system and batch experiments were employed to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion for the treatment of high concentration methanol wastewater. The acid resistance of granular sludge and methanogenic bacteria and their metabolizing activity were investigated. The results show that the pH of the first UASB changed from 4.9 to 5.8 and 5.5 to 6.2 for the second reactor. Apparently, these were not the advisable pH levels that common methanogenic bacteria could accept. The methanogenic bacteria of the system, viz. Methanosarcina barkeri, had some acid resistance and could still degrade methanol at pH 5.0. If the methanogenic bacteria were trained further, their acid resistance would be improved somewhat. Granular sludge of the system could protect the methanogenic bacteria within its body against the impact of the acidic environment and make them degrade methanol at pH 4.5. The performance of granular sludge was attributed to its structure, bacteria species, and the distribution of bacterium inside the granule. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(4): 633–636 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

色纤碱减量废水中对苯二甲酸的回收精制研究

文章研究了酸析法从带色碱减量废水中回收对苯二甲酸(TA)过程,并且通过废水预处理进行TA的简单精制。结果表明,这种处理方法不但能大幅度降低碱减量废水的COD值,而且可以获得高纯度对苯二甲酸。另外,文章还对回收得到的对苯二甲酸的用途进行了简单分析。     

废水产氢产酸／同型产乙酸耦合产酸条件优化

为了更好地发挥产氢产酸／同型产乙酸耦合系统在废水厌氧发酵生产乙酸方面的优势,有必要寻找一种简单有效的方法以获得该系统产酸的优化条件。利用经过加热处理并活化的厌氧污泥作种泥,以模拟废水中的葡萄糖为底物,针对发酵时间、底物浓度、种泥浓度、初始pH进行4因素10水平均匀设计实验,得到了乙酸生产指标与产酸条件之间关系的回归方程;也得到了以高乙酸产量为主要目标导向同时兼顾高乙酸产率和高乙酸生产强度目标的优化条件;优化条件实验乙酸浓度比均匀设计中最高乙酸浓度提高20％左右。研究表明,将均匀设计应用于废水产氢产酸／同型产乙酸耦合产酸条件优化,可以避免盲目性,迅速获得满意结果。     

电催化产生 H2O2 和*OH 及去除废水中有机污染物的应用

采用自制的电催化装置研究了苯酚、苯胺和邻苯二甲酸二甲酯三种有机污染物的废水处理规律。证实了在电催化过程中活性物种Ｈ２Ｏ２和·ＯＨ的存在。实验结果表明，有机污染物去除效率的关键在于体系产生活性中间体的量。体系产生的Ｈ２Ｏ２量愈大，相应有机污染物去除效率愈高。体系产生的Ｈ２Ｏ２大于０．３ｍｇ／Ｌ时，有机物去除效率才会有明显的提高。     

高负荷厌氧生物反应器的三元酸碱缓冲体系特征与调控

高负荷是升流式(Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Bed, UASB)、内循环厌氧反应器(internal circulation, IC)和厌氧膜生物反应器(anaerobic membrane bioreactor, AnMBR)等厌氧生物反应器发展的趋势,也是实现"沼气升级(biogas upgrading)"的难点.挥发性有机酸(volatile fatty acids, VFAs)和溶解性无机碳(total inorganic carbon, TIC)既是厌氧消化必经的中间产物,又与氨氮等弱碱共同影响高负荷厌氧消化过程的pH变化,并决定着沼气中的甲烷含量.VFAs、TIC和氨氮构成的三元pH酸碱缓冲体系是高负荷厌氧消化"沼气升级"的关键操作条件.本文总结了高负荷厌氧消化过程中pH变化规律和影响,针对不同VFAs/氨氮关系的形成机制,分析了高负荷厌氧消化碳酸盐缓冲体系特征及其对沼气CH_4/CO_2构成的影响.以厌氧膜生物反应器为例,讨论了近年来基于pH在线监测和调控方法、理论模型方面的研究进展,同时对未来的重点研究方向提出展望,以期为今后的高负荷AnMBR研发提供参考.     

高环烷酸原油污水处理升级改造

某炼油厂炼制高环烷酸原油,其排放污水的COD(3 000~5 500 mg/L)远大于污水处理厂设计进水水质标准(2 400 mg/L),导致污水处理厂不能达标排放。采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对各处理单元出水分析发现,污水中环烷酸、茚酮类、环烯(烷)烃、含氮杂环化合物等有机物难以有效去除导致出水COD超标。通过参考大量文献,并结合现场试验确定采用曝气生物滤池(BAF)、水解酸化、臭氧催化氧化工艺对污水处理厂实施升级改造,改造后工艺流程为隔油+浮选+BAF+水解酸化+A ²O生化池+膜生物反应器+臭氧催化氧化+生物活性炭。改造后运行数据表明:BAF增强污水处理厂抗冲击负荷能力,大幅削减污水有机污染物负荷,出水COD<2 000 mg/L,确保A ²O生化池及后续处理单元在原设计工况下平稳运行;水解酸化能提升BAF废水可生化性(B/C),并具有“水质稳定器”作用;装填催化剂的臭氧氧化塔COD去除率高达69.4%,污水处理厂出水COD满足低于60 mg/L的排放要求。     

ABR发酵系统运行特性及产氢效能研究

为解决连续流搅拌槽式反应器(CSTR)发酵制氢系统存在的不足,如单位基质氢气转化率低、因搅拌带来的耗能,抗负荷冲击能力不强等问题,开展了厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)发酵产氢的研究.结果表明,在35℃和进水COD 5000mg/L等条件下,ABR系统可在26d达到乙醇型发酵,其比产氢速率为0.13L/(gMLVSS·d),而在同样条件下, CSTR达到乙醇型发酵后,比产氢速率仅为0.06L/(gMLVSS·d).ABR通过生物相的分离,使产氢系统梯级利用有机物并达到深度产氢的目的.与CSTR相比,ABR具有较高的产氢活性、较低能源消耗等优点,是一种较为理想的有机废水发酵制氢反应设备.     

CANON工艺处理猪场沼液的启动及微生物种群结构分析

在连续流合建式反应器内接种普通活性污泥,以实际猪场沼液作为进水,保持温度为(30±1)℃,控制低溶解氧(DO浓度为(0.5±0.1)mg·L~(-1)),通过分阶段提高氨氮浓度的方式启动CANON(Completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite)工艺,同时采用高通量测序技术对反应器启动前后的微生物种群结构进行分析.结果表明,反应器可在210 d实现成功启动CANON工艺,启动成功后,当猪场沼液进水氨氮浓度为450 mg·L~(-1)时,氨氮和总氮的去除率分别达到69.8%和61.1%;出水(NO_3~--N+NO_2~--N)/ΔNH_4~+接近0.11.同时,CANON工艺启动成功后,微生物种群结构发生了很大的变化:其优势菌门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)(36.16%)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)(14.22%)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)(11.07%)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)(10.41%)和绿菌门(Chlorobi)(12.82%);与脱氮功能相关的菌属为Candidatus_Brocadia (ANAMMOX菌)、Nitrosomonas(AOB菌)、Comamonadaceae(反硝化菌)和Xanthomonadaceae(反硝化菌)等.     

间歇式厌氧折流板反应器处理分散养猪冲洗水的影响因素

针对分散养猪冲洗水间歇产生的特点,采用间歇式厌氧折流板反应器(ABR,装置B)对其进行处理,考察COD负荷、冲洗次数、进水时间和温度对处理性能的影响,并与连续运行ABR(装置A)进行对比。结果表明:与进水COD相比,装置B对进水量更敏感,且其能承受的COD负荷较装置A低,但在平均COD负荷分别为1.03、2.06、1.39和1.82 kg/(m³·d)时,对应的COD平均去除率分别为76.2%、77.3%、86.0%和85.4%;增加冲洗次数至每天2次,有利于提升装置B的处理能力;延长进水时间至2 h,对装置B的处理性能没有影响;低温严重影响ABR的性能,温度降至15 ℃以下时,装置B对COD的平均去除率由17 ℃时的75.8%降至60.0%。