酚类化合物在矿化垃圾中的吸附性能与结构相关性研究

采用静态吸附方法,对8种酚类化合物在矿化垃圾中的吸附行为进行了研究,并用Langmuir和Fieundlish等温吸附方程对其进行了拟合.研究结果表明,8种代酚的吸附能力大小顺序为3-甲基酚＞4-甲氧基酚＞4-氯酚＞2,4-二氯酚＞3-硝基酚＞4-硝基酚＞2-氯酚＞苯酚.对8种酚类化合物Langmuir和Frendlich等温吸附方程常数和18个量子化学参数采用PLS进行逐步回归分析,得到了以Frendlich方程参数lnκ为因变量的数学模型.该模型表明,有机酚在矿化垃圾中的吸附性能主要与有机酚分子的疏水性和极性有关.而且该模型得到的预测值与实测值接近,说明利用PLS进行回归处理得到的模型较为合理、能有效地预测有机酚类化合物在矿化垃圾中的吸附行为.     

杯[4]芳烃修饰Amberlite XAD-4树脂去除水中双氯芬酸

通过偶氮化反应将合成的去叔丁基杯[4]芳烃连接到Amberlite XAD-4树脂上,并且采用FTIR、SEM和TG/DTA法表征了杯[4]芳烃修饰Amberlite XAD-4树脂的结构.结果表明,水溶液中杯[4]芳烃修饰Amberlite XAD-4树脂对双氯芬酸的去除率远大于单独Amberlite XAD-4树脂和杯[4]芳烃.双氯芬酸的浓度为20mg/L时,随着杯[4]芳烃修饰AmberliteXAD-4树脂投加量的增加,双氯芬酸的去除率增加很快.当吸附剂量增加到80mg/L时,双氯芬酸的去除率为92.8%,并且达到吸附平衡,吸附的双氯芬酸量为34.02mg/g. Langmuir和Freundlich等温线与实验数据均有很好的拟合度.对热力学参数的计算表明,△H与△G负值显示出反应的放热和自发过程.     

Adsorption of naphthalene onto a high-surface-area carbon from waste ion exchange resin

A high-surface-area carbon (KC-1) was prepared from waste polystyrene-based ion exchange resin by KOH activation and used for naphthalene adsorption. The carbon exhibited a good hydrophobic nature with developed porous structure, favoring the adsorption of organic compounds. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and total pore volume of KC-1 were 3442.2 and 1.68 cm 3 /g, respectively, which can be compared with those of KOH-activated carbons prepared from other precursors. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption of naphthalene onto KC-1. The equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Polanyi- Manes isotherms and agreed with the Polanyi-Manes Model. The adsorption of naphthalene depended greatly on the porosity of the carbon, and the dispersive interactions between naphthalene and carbon could be relatively weak. The pH variation in aqueous solution had little effect on the adsorption process. The equilibrium time for 0.04 g/L of carbon dose was around 5 hr. Different models were used to evaluate the kinetic data and the pseudo second-order model was suitable to describe the kinetic process of naphthalene adsorption onto KC-1. Regeneration of spent carbon could be carried out effectively by alcohol treatment. The results indicated that KC-1 was a promising adsorbent for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solutions.     

沙土对可溶性油的吸附作用及其影响因素研究

在对滨海沙滩(胶州湾)沙土-水系统石油污染调查的基础上,选择代表性的沙滩进行取样,系统测定不同沙土对可溶性油的吸附动力学曲线和吸附等温线,并分析了含沙量、粒径、温度、pH和盐度对吸附作用的影响.结果表明,不同沙土的吸附动力学曲线和吸附等温线分别符合对数型和直线型理想吸附,沙土对可溶性油的吸附平衡时间约为6～10h;沙土对海水中可溶性油的吸附量随含沙量增大、温度升高、pH值的增大而减小,随盐度增加、沙土粒度变细其吸附量越大.另外,通过试验还发现,当水相中可溶性油低于一定浓度时,不但不产生吸附,反而使沙土中的残留油分解吸出来.     

Biosorption of Cu(II) on extracellular polymers from Bacillus sp. F19

Biosorption can be an effective process for the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The adsorption of Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solution on the extracellular polymers (EPS) from Bacillus sp. (named MBFF19) with respect to pH, incubation time,concentration of initial Cu(Ⅱ), and biosorbent dose was studied. Biosorption of Cu(Ⅱ) is highly pH dependent. The maximum uptake of Cu(Ⅱ) (89.62 mg/g) was obtained at pH 4.8. Biosorption equilibrium was established in approximately 10 min. The correlation coefficient of more than 0.90 turned out that the adsorption process of Cu(Ⅱ) on MBFF19 was in accordance with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The pseudo-first and second order models were applied to examine the kinetics of the adsorption, whereas the latter was found to be in harmony with the kinetic data better. Because of the outstanding uptake capacity of Cu(Ⅱ), MBFF19 produced by Bacillus sp. was proved to be an excellent biosorbent for removing Cu(Ⅱ) from aqueous solutions.     

甲萘酚和甲萘胺在超高交联吸附树脂上的协同吸附行为

研究了水溶液中甲萘酚和甲萘胺在超高交联吸附树脂NDA103、NDA100上的协同吸附行为.实验结果表明,在较高平衡浓度范围内该吸附树脂对双组分水溶液中甲萘酚和甲萘胺双组分(摩尔比分别为3∶1、1∶1、1∶3)的吸附总量大于相同平衡浓度下对单组分水溶液中甲萘酚和甲萘胺的吸附量,呈现协同吸附现象,其主导机制是2种吸附质分子之间的氢键作用.单组分甲萘酚或甲萘胺水溶液和双组分共存水溶液中吸附质分子在吸附树脂上的吸附等温线均符合Langmuir模型.吸附温度由293K升至313K时,甲萘酚和甲萘胺在NDA103上的协同吸附效应的变化明显大于NDA100.NDA103树脂结构上的胺基既加强了对甲萘酚的吸附亲和力又增加了甲萘酚的协同吸附系数.     

类脂复合吸附剂去除水中微量七氯和环氧七氯的研究

研制了一种新型类脂-活性炭复合吸附剂,研究了其对水中痕量持久性有机污染物--七氯和环氧七氯的吸附行为.实验结果表明,该新型复合吸附剂对七氯和环氧七氯有较强的吸附性能,反应48 h后,对初始浓度为20μg·L-1的七氯和环氧七氯的去除率分别为98.79%和98.08%;吸附等温线符合弗兰德里希模型;吸附动力学符合准二阶动力学模型.该复合吸附剂对亲脂性较强的七氯具有较快的初始吸附速率、较大的平衡吸附量和较高的去除率.相同实验条件下,类脂-活性炭复合吸附剂对七氯和环氧七氯的吸附速率和去除效果均优于传统吸附材料活性炭.     

Phosphine functionalised multiwalled carbon nanotubes: A new adsorbent for the removal of nickel from aqueous solution

Synthesised triphenylphosphine-linked multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Tpp-MWCNTs) were used to study the adsorption of nickel in aqueous solutions and their adsorption capabilities were compared with purified MWCNTs. The adsorption capacity increased with an increase in pH for all adsorbents. The adsorption equilibrium was reached in 40 and 30 min for purified MWCNTs and Tpp-MWCNTs, respectively. Both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms used to investigate the adsorption process fitted the experimental data well with the correlation coefficient R² close to 1 for all adsorbents. On the other hand, the experimental data fitted well with a pseudo second-order model. The speciation of nickel also influenced the adsorption on the purified and Tpp-MWCNTs. The adsorbents used in this study showed superior adsorption capacity when compared to other adsorbents reported in the literature.     

水溶液中磷的吸附与预测模型

用红壤和水滑石作为吸附剂,进行了水溶液中磷的等温吸附试验,目的是研究吸附剂(W)0效应和起始吸附质浓度(C)0效应对经典方程参数变异的影响,分析经典Langmuir和Freundlich方程在液/固离子吸附体系中的适用性和验证新吸附模型的预测精确度。试验结果显示,红壤和水滑石在吸附磷的过程中存在明显的吸附剂和吸附质浓度效应,单一的经典方程仅适用于给定吸附剂或吸附质浓度的体系,因此,用其参数来表征不同吸附剂的吸附能力或描述不同吸附剂或吸附质浓度水平上的吸附规律具有一定的局限性。数据分析表明,单位吸附剂的平衡吸附量qe不唯一由初始浓度C0或液相平衡浓度Ce所决定,而是C0/W0或Ce/W0的函数,新吸附预测模型能较好的反映红壤和水滑石磷吸附的总体趋势。新的预测模型用来描述红壤和水滑石的磷吸附曲线时具有较高的精确度。在实践中,新模型可用来预测给定条件下磷的吸附量和所需吸附剂的用量。     

四钛酸钾晶须对亚甲基蓝吸附性能研究

利用四钛酸钾晶须作为吸附剂,研究了亚甲基蓝在其上的吸附行为,考察了吸附体系pH值、吸附剂用量、吸附时间对其吸附效果的影响.实验结果表明,四钛酸钾晶须对亚甲基蓝有较强的吸附力,得到的吸附等温线能较好的符合Freundlich方程,其R2都能达到0.991以上,吸附动力学可以用拟二级动力学模型描述.在碱性范围内四钛酸钾晶须...     

Removal of cadmium using MnO2 loaded D301 resin

MnO2 loaded weak basic anion exchange resin D301 （Anion exchange resin, macroreticular weak basic styrene） as adsorbent has been prepared and applied to the removal of cadmium. The adsorption characteristics have been investigated with respect to effect of pH, equilibrium isotherms, removal kinetic data, and interference of the coexisting ions. The results indicated that the Cd^2＋ could be efficiently removed using MnO2 loaded D301 resin in the pH range of 3-8 from aqueous solutions with the co-existence of high concentration of alkali and alkaline-earth metals ions. The saturate adsorption capacity of the Cd^2＋ was 77.88 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the pseudo first-order kinetics. The equilibrium data obtained in this study accorded excellently with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

Statistical optimization of adsorption processes for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol by activated carbon derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches

The adsorption capacity of activated carbon produced from oil palm empty fruit bunches through removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol from aqueous solution was carried out in the laboratory. The activated carbon was produced by thermal activation of activation time with 30 min at 800℃. The adsorption process conditions were determined with the statistical optimization followed by central composite design. A developed polynomial model for operating conditions of adsorption process indicated that the optimum conditions for maximum adsorption of phenolic compound were： agitation rate of 100 r/min, contact time of 8 h, initial adsorbate concentration of 250 mg/L and pH 4. Adsorption isotherms were conducted to evaluate biosorption process. Langmuir isotherm was more favorable （R^2=0.93） for removal of 2,4-dichlorophenol by the activated carbon rather than Freundlich isotherm （R^2=0.88）.     

近海沉积物对粪固醇的等温吸附和热力学研究

采用大连湾近海表层沉积物为吸附剂,粪固醇为吸附质,通过批量平衡法,研究了近海沉积物对12种粪固醇的吸附行为.结果表明,12种粪固醇在24 h吸附达到平衡后,5种粪固醇的指纹值变化趋于稳定;用Henry、Freundlich、Langumir、Dubinin-Radushkevich(D-R模型)、Temkin这5种等温吸附模型来拟合,其中Langumir模型不适合拟合沉积物对粪固醇的吸附数据,其他4种模型均能较好地拟合.D-R模型拟合效果表明,12种粪固醇的吸附平均自由能在7 071.1～9 128.7 J.mol-1之间,12种粪固醇的吸附过程主要是物理吸附的作用.Temkin模型拟合效果表明,加氢胆固酮(Kf=8.89×106)的Kf值最大,说明沉积物吸附加氢胆固酮之间的作用最大,加氢胆固酮更容易被吸附.热力学参数吸附焓ΔH0<0,熵变ΔS0<0,ΔG0<0呈现出放热反应,自发过程的特征.     

菌株Dyella ginsengisoli LA-4吸附Ni~(2+)的条件优化及特性研究

主要考察了菌株Dyella ginsengisoli LA-4对重金属Ni2+的吸附性能,同时,利用表面响应法对菌株Dyella ginsengisoli LA-4吸附Ni2+的条件(接种量、pH、Ni2+浓度等)进行了优化,并考察了其动力学及吸附等温曲线特性.实验结果表明,菌株Dyella ginsengisoli LA-4吸附Ni2+的最优条件为:接种量10.64 g.L-1,pH为6.50,Ni2+浓度为19.20 mg.L-1,此时的Ni2+最大去除率为99%.动力学分析表明,吸附平衡时间约为30 min,吸附可分为表面快速吸附和缓慢重金属积累两个阶段.利用Langmuir吸附模型能较好地描述菌株Dyella ginsengisoli LA-4对Ni2+的等温吸附行为,最大吸附量为25.81 mg.g-1.     

沙质滩涂吸附水中油的实验研究

通过实验研究了沙质滩涂对可溶性油吸附的基本规律以及吸附等温线关系,分析了沙质滩涂粒径、温度、pH和盐度与吸附量的关系.研究结果表明,各沙质滩涂体的吸附动力学曲线和吸附等温线分别符合对数型和直线型理想吸附,沙质滩涂对可溶性油的吸附平衡时间约为10 h;沙质滩涂对海水中可溶性油的吸附量随盐度增加和滩涂体粒度变细其吸附量越大,随温度和pH值的增大而减小.     

Adsorption behavior of ammonium by a bioadsorbent – Boston ivy leaf powder

The adsorption behaviors of ammonium ions from aqueous solution by a novel bioadsorbent, the Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata) leaf powder (BPTL) were investigated. The SEM images and FT-IR spectra were used to characterize BPTL. The mathematical models were used to analyze the adsorption kinetics and isotherms. The optimum pH range for ammonium adsorption by BPTL was found to be 5–10. The adsorption reached equilibrium at 14 hr, and the kinetic data were well fitted by the Logistic model. The intraparticle di usion was the main rate-controlling step of the adsorption process. The high temperature was favorable to the ammonium adsorption by BPTL, indicating that the adsorption was endothermic. The adsorption equilibrium fitted well to both the Langmuir model and Freundlich model, and the maximum monolayer adsorption capacities calculated from Langmuir model were 3.37, 5.28 and 6.59 mg N/g at 15, 25 and 35°C, respectively, which were comparable to those by reported minerals. Both the separation factor (RL) from the Langmuir model and Freundlich exponent (n) suggested that the ammonium adsorption by BPTL was favorable. Therefore, the Boston ivy leaf powder could be considered a novel bioadsorbent for ammonium removal from aqueous solution.     

Adsorption behavior of ammonium by a bioadsorbent - Boston ivy leaf powder

The adsorption behaviors of ammonium ions from aqueous solution by a novel bioadsorbent,the Boston ivy (Parthenocissus tricuspidata) leaf powder (BPTL) were investigated.The SEM images and FT-IR spectra were used to characterize BPTL.The mathematical models were used to analyze the adsorption kinetics and isotherms.The optimum pH range for ammonium adsorption by BPTL was found to be 5-10.The adsorption reached equilibrium at 14 hr,and the kinetic data were well fitted by the Logistic model.The intraparticle diffusion was the main rate-controlling step of the adsorption process.The high temperature was favorableto the ammonium adsorption by BPTL,indicating that the adsorption was endothermic.The adsorption equilibrium fitted well to both the Langrnuir model and Freundlich model,and the maximum monolayer adsorption capacities calculated from Langmuir model were 3.37,5.28 and 6.59 mg N/g at 15,25 and 35℃,respectively,which were comparable to those by reported minerals.Both the separation factor (RL) from the Langmuir model and Freundlich exponent (n) suggested that the ammonium adsorption by BPTL was favorable.Therefore,the Boston ivy leaf powder could be considered a novel bioadsorbent for ammonium removal from aqueous solution.     

Analysis of organic compounds in coal gasification wastewater

A procedure for analysis of organic pollutants in coal gasification wastewater was developed, including a series extraction steps at different pH, followed by LC separation or resin adsorption, then analyzed by GC or GC/MS. More than 200 organic pollutants in 22 categories were determined. CH2CL2 extraction at NaHCO3 presence was used to separate carboxylic acids with phenolic compounds in aqueous. Derivatization with acetic anhydride was used for analyses of mono-, di-, poly-hydroxyl phenolic compounds. 21 mono-hydroxyl phenols and 13 di-hydroxyl phenols were determined from the coai gasification wastewater samples. Derivatization with BF3-CH3OH was used for analysis of carboxylic acid. 17 mono-carboxyl, 4 di-carboxyl acids and 6 aromatic acids were determined from coal gasification wastewater samples.     

Adsorption of dyes onto activated carbon prepared from olive stones

Activated carbon was produced from olive stones（OSAC） by a physical process in two steps. The adsorption character of this activated carbon was tested on three colour dyes molecules in aqueous solution： Methylene blue（MB）, Rhodamine B（RB） and Congo Red（CR）. The adsorption equilibrium was studied through isotherms construction at 30℃, which were well described by Langmuir model. The adsorption capacity on the OSAC was estimated to be 303 mg/g, 217 mg/g and 167 mg/g respectively for MB, RB and CR. This activated carbon has a similar adsorption properties to that of commercial ones and show the same adsorption performances. The adsorption kinetics of the MB molecule in aqueous solution at different initial concentrations by OSAC was also studied. Kinetic experiments were well fitted by a simple intra-particle diffusion model. The measured kinetics constant was influenced by the initial concentration and we found the following correlation： Kid = 1.55 C0^0.51.     

病死猪热解炭化物的特性及其对水中Cu2+的去除

研究了病死猪热解炭化物对水中Cu~(2+)的去除效果,并借助扫描电子显微镜、X射线光谱仪及傅里叶红外光谱仪等分析手段对病死猪热解得到的炭化物理化学性质进行了表征,分析了其微观结构及官能团.结果发现,病死猪热解炭化物内部具有大量孔状结构,表面出现了PO3-4等结构.最后,利用热解得到的炭化物对水中的Cu~(2+)进行处理研究,考察了初始p H值、反应温度、吸附时间等对水中Cu~(2+)去除效果的影响.结果表明,病死猪热解炭化物对水中Cu~(2+)的吸附效果较好,最佳初始p H值为5.0,温度的升高有利于热解炭化物对Cu~(2+)的去除.通过对实验数据进行动力学及吸附等温线分析,发现实验中使用的病死猪热解炭化物对Cu~(2+)的吸附动力学数据符合准二级吸附动力学方程,Langmuir模型能较好地描述Cu~(2+)在猪热解炭化物上的吸附行为.