鸡公山落叶阔叶林藤本植物寄主选择与分布规律

藤本植物是热带及亚热带地区森林生态系统中重要的构成部分,对于维持森林生态系统的物种多样性和改善生态系统功能发挥着重要作用。目前仍不清楚藤本植物在选择依附林木时是否具有选择性以及其在树干表面生长与分布是否有一定的规律。采用随机样点法调查我国华中鸡公山地区典型落叶阔叶林内的藤本植物生长和分布状况。研究表明,阔叶树种〔枫香(Liquidambar formosana)与麻栎(Quercus acutissima)〕树干分布的藤本数量显著高于针叶树种〔马尾松(Pinus massoniana)〕;树干表面有无苔藓覆盖对藤本分布无显著影响;藤本植物在树干上的分布受立地坡位的影响,表现为基径处树干坡下位附生的藤本数量高于坡上位,然而在胸高处树干坡下位藤本数量则低于坡上位。藤本植物在选择依附林木时表现出一定程度的选择性,并且其在树干上的分布会因微环境的影响而发生转变,研究结果可为揭示森林生态系统的物种共存与维持机制提供科学参考。     

旅游干扰对西藏林芝巨柏林的影响

为研究西藏林芝巴结巨柏自然保护区开展旅游活动后巨柏的生长状况及游客行为,通过实地调查和问卷调查,首先对保护区内游客行为特征进行研究,发现其旅游活动相对集中于较短的时间范围和景区入口处,旅游活动单一.其次,由于保护区开展旅游活动已有较长的时间,结合游客的行为特征,对区内旅游干扰进行了调查.进行保护区土壤调查时将保护区划分为四个样区,并在每个区域内设置对照采样点,对保护区内不同样区的游道两侧不同距离的土壤硬度、含水率、容重及pH值进行了测定和分析,发现随旅游干扰强度的增加,土壤的物理、化学性质发生了相应的变化.同时,将保护区沿主要游道划分为三个样区,调查巨柏受伤害状况,发现游客活动频繁的区域,巨柏受伤害的可能性越大且受刻画等级越高.最后探讨了土壤理化性质、巨柏受伤害程度的变化趋势与旅游干扰强度关系.     

亚热带马尾松林恢复过程中物种丰富度及生物量变化

马尾松林恢复过程中物种丰富度及生物量变化有助于了解该过程中物种多样性及碳汇功能的变化。选取亚热带东部湿润地区的马尾松(Pinus massoniana)林、针阔叶混交林及常绿阔叶林样地构建马尾松林自然恢复系列,通过比较不同森林中生物量和物种丰富度的变化探讨马尾松林恢复过程中碳汇功能以及物种多样性的变化。依据中国科学院战略性先导科技专项"应对气候变化碳收支认证及相关问题"之森林课题调查数据库中亚热带东部湿润地区的部分数据进行物种多样性和生物量的分析,分别计算不同胸径(diameter at breast height,DBH)等级(1 cm≤DBH5 cm、5 cm≤DBH10 cm、10 cm≤DBH20cm、DBH≥20 cm)以及群落总的物种丰富度和生物量,采用Tukey多重比较以及简单线性回归的方法分析不同森林类型之间生物量以及物种丰富度的差异,并探索物种丰富度与生物量之间的关系。结果表明亚热带东部地区的马尾松林、针阔叶混交林以及常绿阔叶林的总平均生物量分别为(114.74±4.82)、(124.99±4.99)、(220.9±8.62)t·hm-2,总物种丰富度分别为(5.81±0.61)、(17.55±1.17)、(23.71±2.04),在马尾松林转变为针阔叶混交林的过程中群落的物种数量显著增加(P=0.000),但碳贮量增加不明显(P=0.305);在针阔叶混交林转变为常绿阔叶林的过程中碳贮量显著增加(P=0.000)且生物量向大个体(DBH≥20 cm)的方向集中,但群落整体的物种数量增加不明显(P=0.159)。总体而言,亚热带地区所选森林中物种丰富度与生物量之间未表现出良好的线性关系,但针阔叶混交林的大个体(DBH≥5 cm)以及3种森林类型的小个体(DBH5cm)的物种丰富度与生物量之间呈现显著的线性相关。研究表明,亚热带东部湿润地区森林中小径级的个体生物量随物种丰富度增加其变化趋势明显,增加小个体的物种丰富度既能够促进群落中资源的利用效率,又能够促进森林生态系统的物质循环;针阔叶混交林大个体的生物量随物种丰富度的增加而显著增加,对针阔叶混交林中大个体乔木进行合理的管理也能够促进群落对资源的有效利用。     

辽东桤木扩张对大兴安岭泥炭地植物群落组成和生物量的影响

近几十年来随着气候变暖及其引起的土壤干化,北方泥炭地生态系统中固氮树种桤木(Alnus spp.)的数量越来越多,已呈现出大规模的扩张趋势.为揭示其对植物群落组成和生物量的影响,在大兴安岭北部选取典型泥炭地,以辽东桤木(A.sibirica)树岛作为研究对象,以毗邻的开阔泥炭地作为对照,比较物种多样性和地上部分生物量的差异.结果显示:辽东桤木树岛中植物群落总的地上部分生物量高于开阔泥炭地,但物种丰富度、Simpson优势度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数均低于开阔泥炭地;在物种水平上,辽东桤木树岛中柴桦(Betula fr uticosa)的地上部分生物量高于开阔泥炭地,但白毛羊胡子草(Eriophor um vaginatum)、三叶鹿药(Smilacina trifolia)、大泥炭藓(Sphagnum palustre)、沼泽皱朔藓(Aulacomnium palustre)、金发藓(Polytrichum commune)和石蕊(Cladonia rangiferina)的地上部分生物量则低于开阔泥炭地;在植物功能群水平上,辽东桤木树岛与开阔泥炭地之间常绿灌木地上部分生物量没有显著差异,但辽东桤木树岛落叶灌木地上部分生物量高于开阔泥炭地,而草本植物、苔藓植物和地衣的地上部分生物量低于开阔泥炭地.而且,由于辽东桤木较大的生物量,树岛中落叶灌木、常绿灌木、草本植物、苔藓植物和地衣的优势度均显著低于开阔泥炭地.本研究表明北方泥炭地固氮物种扩张尽管能增加植物生物量,但导致苔藓植物和地衣消失,显著降低生物多样性,这将对生态系统结构和功能产生深远的影响.     

川西亚高山森林优势种对CO2浓度倍增的光合生理响应

通过对川西亚高山森林优势种高山柳(Salix paraqplesia)、岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)和缺苞箭竹(Fargesia denudata)幼苗光合生理参数的测定,研究了它们净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Cond)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和水分利用效率(WUE)对大气CO2浓度倍增(720 μmol·mol-1)的响应.结果显示:CO2浓度倍增对3个物种的Pn有不同程度的促进作朋,高山柳、岷江冷杉和缺苞箭竹最大净光合速率分别提高30%,81%和68%,岷汀冷杉提高幅度最大.CO2浓度倍增与对照CO2浓度(360μmol·mol2)相比各物种Cond、Tr和WUE升降不一.反映出不同物种幼莆对CO2浓度倍增响应的复杂性.作为川西亚高山森林优势种,高山柳、岷江冷杉和缺苞箭竹对CO2浓度升高的不同响应势必影响其生长和未来物种间的竞争,进而影响群落的组成和物种的多样性,甚至可能引起群落演替发生变化.     

川西亚高山冷杉和白桦细根生物量与碳储量特征

为了解川西亚高山地下生态过程和细根在森林碳(C)库中的作用,采用钻取土芯法,研究了川两亚高山岷江冷杉(Abies faxoniana)和白桦(Betula platyphylla)2006年一个生长季节内的细根生物量动态及其C储量特征.冷杉细根现存量显著大于白桦,二者分别为(6.5790±0.220)thm-2和(3.334±0.182)t hm-2.细根生物最具有明显的月变化规律,以10月最高,6月最低.同时,每次细根大量发牛后,都随之产生大量细根死亡.细根生物量和C储量均随着土壤深度的增加而减少.冷杉83.24%的细根分布于土壤表层0～10 cm范嗣内,11～20 cm为16.76%;而白桦50.26%的细根分布在土壤表层0～lOcm的范围内,0～20 cm层为80.39%.活细根在各层中占总细根量的73%以上.冷杉和白桦细根C含量分别为47.21%±2.56%和42.71%±0.89%,对应的细根C储量分别为(3.106±0.104)t hm-2和(1.377±0.078) thm-2.图1表3参37     

广东康禾自然保护区地面苔藓种群分布与格局分析

种群分布格局是植物群落的重要特征,研究种群分布格局是理解植物群落形成和构建的基础。采用Poisson数学模型和方差均值法检验广东康禾自然保护区地面苔藓种群分布格局的类型,利用双向轨迹方差法(TTLQV)分析其格局变化。结果显示,研究区苔藓植物整体呈集群分布,优势种东亚拟鳞叶藓(Pseudotaxiphyllum pohliaecarpum)平均拥挤指数最高(m*=13.04),聚块性指数最低(m*/m=1.15),细叶小羽藓(Haplocladium microphyllum)和细指苔(Kurzia gonyotricha)的平均拥挤指数次之,分别为11.85、10.00;而非优势物种树生扁萼苔(Radula obscura)和长叶羽苔(Plagiochila flexuosa)聚快性指数最高,分别为14.79、14.45;说明优势物种的种间竞争更强烈,非优势物种分布更聚集。种群格局变化表明,研究区苔藓植物的格局规模以小斑块聚集居多,如细指苔、神山细鳞苔(Lejeunea eifrigii)、东亚拟鳞叶藓及南方小锦藓(Brotherella henonii)等多个物种在区组4、5、15、22、24呈现斑块聚集,其格局规模的差异可能与苔藓植物的生存策略和生长环境密切相关。苔类植物与苔藓植物的整体格局变化更接近,在区组4都呈大斑块聚集,整体为镶嵌格局;而藓类植物在区组5、16、22均有较大的峰值波动,为大斑块聚集;说明苔类植物优势种群组在群落中占主导地位。不同苔藓物种呈现不同的格局变化,主要受其生物学特性与种间竞争的影响,生境异质性则是其集群分布的主要原因。     

西南亚高山冬瓜杨和峨眉冷杉吸收根特征

植物的吸收根是植物从土壤中获取资源的重要器官,其快速周转在生态系统碳循环和养分循环中充当着重要作用,而且其形态特征也反映了植物根系对地下资源利用策略的异同.以海螺沟冰川末端原生演替后期非顶极落叶阔叶林优势物种冬瓜杨(Populus purdomii)和顶极的暗针叶林群落优势物种峨眉冷杉(Abies fabri)作为研究对象,采用土钻法获取两种优势物种的吸收根,分别测定两个优势树种的吸收根形态特征及对应的林下土壤养分含量、温度和湿度.结果显示:(1)两个森林群落林下的土壤温湿度差异不显著,但峨眉冷杉群落土壤总氮、有效氮、有效磷、铵态氮及硝态氮显著高于冬瓜杨群落;(2)峨眉冷杉的总根长、根长密度、比根长和比表面积显著低于冬瓜杨,平均根直径、总根体积和生物量密度显著高于冬瓜杨;(3)冗余分析表明,冬瓜杨和峨眉冷杉的部分吸收根形态特征和土壤养分存在着正相关性,其中冬瓜杨林下土壤有效氮、总磷分别和冬瓜杨根长密度、根比表面积呈显著正相关,峨眉冷杉林下土壤有效氮和峨眉冷杉吸收根平均直径呈显著正相关.上述研究结果说明土壤中氮和有效磷养分显著不同可能是造成冬瓜杨和峨眉冷杉吸收根形态特征差异的重要因素.(图3表1参46)     

川西亚高山天然次生林生态功能恢复综合评价

川西亚高山原始针叶林遭受大规模采伐后自然恢复形成的次生林已成为该区域的主要森林类型之一,具有重要的生态功能.现有森林生态功能评价大多为水源涵养等单一生态功能,尚缺乏针对多种生态功能的综合评价.采用空间代替时间的方法,以岷江冷杉原始林为参照,基于植物群落学与生物量调查,以及植物和土壤样品采集与测定,分析次生林植物多样性、碳储量、林地涵水能力三大生态功能恢复动态,探讨次生林生态功能恢复速率及其影响因素.结果显示:(1)随着次生林的恢复,林分综合生态功能显著提高,生态功能指数为原始暗针叶林(0.823 6)针阔叶混交林(0.5464)阔叶林(0.367 7).川西亚高山次生林生态功能恢复大约需要180年以上,不同生态功能恢复速率为植物多样性功能林地水源涵养功能固碳功能,不同演替阶段为阔叶林针阔叶混交林原始暗针叶林;(2)恢复到50-60年阔叶林具有较高的物种丰富度、Simpson和Shannon-Wiener指数,尤其是物种丰富度恢复速率较快,但恢复到老龄林相似的冠层物种组成需要较长的时间,可能与砍伐前为原始森林、残余森林呈镶嵌分布,以及桦木和岷江冷杉等建群种周转率低等有关;(3)林地持水能力以针阔混交林为最高,其中土壤蓄水量占绝对优势,针阔混交林具有较高的土壤毛管持水量,而针叶林土壤非毛管持水量较高.恢复速率为土壤毛管持水量(110年)枯落物持水量(118年)苔藓层持水量(135年);(4)随着林龄的增加,地上植被层和土壤碳储量显著增加,土壤层碳储量显著大于植被层,恢复速率为土壤(110年)地上部分(160年)枯落物层和苔藓层(200年),较快的土壤碳储存以及毛管持水量恢复速率与先前地上植被遭受严重破坏而地下土壤干扰较轻有关.本研究表明川西亚高山次生林生态功能恢复是一个漫长的过程,不同恢复阶段、不同生态功能恢复速率差异显著,应针对不同演替阶段采取不同的生态功能恢复策略,尤其要加强现有原始老龄林栖息地和残余老树的保护,注重构建针阔叶混交林结构,保护和促进次生林地被物层的恢复.(图4表5参70)     

人类干扰对五台山森林群落结构的影响

为识别人类干扰对森林群落结构的影响,以五台山旅游活动干扰区以及非干扰区为研究区域,通过样方设置及生态学调查取样,从植物种科属特性、生活型、生态型以及群落结构等方面探讨两个不同研究区域森林群落的生态差异.结果表明:(1)旅游干扰区出现的属和植物种数明显大于非干扰区.(2)两个不同研究区域植物属和种均是温带分布类型所占比例最高,且旅游干扰区植物种区系成分相对复杂.(3)高位芽植物在非干扰区占优势,比例最高达75%,地上芽、地面芽和一年生植物在干扰区占优势;中生植物在两个不同区域中均占有明显生态优势.(4)从群落Ⅰ-Ⅷ,生境质量逐渐提高,灌木层发生"从有到无"的变化.从群落Ⅸ-XIII,植被向顶级群落演替,灌木层发生"从有到无"的变化. 21个主要生态优势种在两个不同区域均呈现集群分布特性.(5)两个不同研究区域群落间存在明显生态差异.总体来说,过度旅游活动导致森林群落生境质量有一定程度的下降,但适度干扰却使植物种丰富度增加.(图4表5参65)     

The evaluation of ecology-based tourism potential in coastal villages in accordance with landscape values and user demands: the Bursa-Mudanya-Kumyaka case

Ecology-based tourism, which is integrated with nature, developed in environmentally conscious areas and enriched by different cultures, has become more important in the direction of extending tourism throughout the year. While the landscape values of the area are important functions for tourism activities to be carried out in natural characteristics, the preferences of the users are also important. Ecology-based tourism, which develops in connection with the concepts of intacteness, the protection-use balance and sustainability, and the demands and expectations of tourists, constitute the basis of our study. For this purpose, the study was carried out in Kumyaka, a small coastal neighborhood (village) of the county of Mudanya in the province Bursa, Turkey with important natural, historical and cultural assets. Fieldwork, field analysis, literature search, interviews with tourists coming to the field, interviews with the day trippers and survey work were conducted in the study. While evaluating the ecology-based tourism potential of the area, the demands and expectations of tourists have been taken into account together with the available area data. According to the results of the survey, tourists are mostly interested in having the most scenic value and quietness when choosing the area. The types of tourism that tourists most wanted to experience in the field were 42.38% culture tourism and 32.32% nature tourism. As a result of tourists’ demands and expectations, the tourism activities to be carried out in accordance with the possibilities of the area were examined and ecology based planning proposals and holistic planning approaches were developed.     

The role of social media for sustainable development in mountain region tourism in Pakistan

This research letter focuses on tourist behavior and tourism business operators’ contributions to rural mountain region economic growth and sustainable development when using social media. Data were collected from 43 interviews from different tourism business operators, and a questionnaire survey of 576 tourists from the Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Drawing on development communication theory, the study reveals that there is a positive relationship between the tourists’ intentions and rural mountain region sustainable development. The study also reveals that most tourists are willing to pay more taxes when touring mountain regions. The real business outcomes from tourism business operators show that rural mountain region tourism creates better employment opportunities for the rural population. All tourists demonstrated the motivation to take part in rural mountain region sustainable development while touring rural locations. The study also offers policy implications.     

Evaluating eco-sustainability and its spatial variability in tourism areas: a case study in Lijiang County,China

Studying eco-sustainability of tourism areas is part of sustainable development research. In tourism areas, the ecosystem comprises both the environment and the human system. The environmental system is basically physical, whereas the human system, consisting of both tourists and residents, is the dominant factor driving ecosystem change. If the combined influence of tourists and residents exceeds the carrying capacity of the environment, which is the ecological threshold of eco-sustainability in the tourism area, then the structure, function and stability of the environment will degenerate. Hence, eco-sustainability assessment of tourism areas should be based on analyses of the relationship between the influence of tourists and residents on the environment and the environmental carrying capacity. Using ecological footprint and tourism ecological footprint models, we developed and applied a synthetic assessment index system for eco-sustainability of tourism areas in Lijiang County, Yunnan Province, China, to conduct a quantitative spatial assessment for 2001. The eco-sustainability of Lijiang was high, with a harmonious relationship between regional socioeconomic development and the ecological environment. There were significant spatial differences in eco-sustainability among 24 towns in the region because of spatial heterogeneity in socioeconomic status, tourism development and environmental elements.     

庐山风景名胜区旅游环境容量分析

运用有关旅游环境容量的理论与方法,通过资源空间容量、生态环境容量、经济发展容量和当地居民心理容量4个子系统进行分析,得出庐山风景名胜区旅游环境容量综合值为12804人次/d,其中生态环境容量中的水环境容量是最主要的限制因子。最后指出庐山风景名胜区以牯岭镇为单一中心的空间格局和旅游路线是造成庐山旅游压力的根本原因,并提出相应的解决措施。     

Tourists and disasters: lessons from the 26 December 2004 tsunamis

The 26 December 2004 tsunamis around the Indian Ocean exposed the vulnerability of many coastal communities, including those serving tourists. To draw conclusions regarding disaster risk reduction for tourism in coastal areas, this study surveyed international tourists who survived the tsunami regarding their perceptions and experiences of the disaster. Semi-structured interviews were completed between January and June 2005 of 55 primary interviewees who were international tourists in locations affected by the tsunami. The qualitative data from the interviews yielded commonalities across four main themes with relevance to disaster risk reduction: information and awareness, warning systems, personal preparation, and livelihoods. Three areas are suggested as topics to highlight for further investigation: the connections between sustainable tourism and disaster vulnerability, the role of tourists in disasters, and disaster risk reduction education.     

Effects of the Presence of Official‐Looking Volunteers on Harassment of New Zealand Fur Seals

Abstract: An increased number of tourists viewing animals in the wild have increased stress on these animals (hereafter wildlife). Many wildlife‐viewing locations rely on voluntary compliance with posted regulations to protect animals from tourists because of the expense of employing on‐site enforcement personnel. Voluntary compliance, however, is ineffective. The presence of official‐looking volunteers may decrease the incidence of wildlife harassment by tourists. To test this possibility, we observed tourists interacting with 5‐ to 12‐month‐old New Zealand fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) at the popular Ohau Stream waterfall while in the absence or presence of a young woman in plain sight wearing a neon vest (i.e., observer) and when an observer was not present. We observed 254 tourist groups at the waterfall when young seals were present. The percentage of groups in which at least one person harassed (approached, touched, or threw objects) a young seal was two‐thirds lower when the official‐looking observer was present. Frequency of harassment was inversely related to observer presence. Programs in which volunteers work at tourist sites are popular in countries with high tourism rates, such as New Zealand. Our results show that a relatively inexpensive and effective tourism‐management strategy may be to post such volunteers as observers at sites where tourists view wildlife.     

Explaining the status and scope of ecotourism development for livelihood security: Andaman and Nicobar Islands,India

In the past few decades, the tourism sector has emerged as a significant economic activity in island nations, particularly in tropical regions. However, most of the tropical islands face similar constraints, viz., threat to natural resources, chances of biopiracy, impact of climate change, population pressure and unsystematic tourist management. Ecotourism, as a concept, envisages promoting tourism with due regard to natural environment and ecological sanctity of the destination. Archipelago of Andaman and Nicobar (A&N) Islands is one of picturesque geographical creation in the Bay of Bengal, India, in tropical region and is an emerging tourist destination. It was observed that around 2.2 lakhs national and international tourists visit the A&N Islands annually. With tourism sector as an integral component, the service sector with share of 56% in gross state domestic product dominates the island economy. An analysis based on primary survey from various stakeholders associated with the sector revealed that factors such as economy in travel and boarding, availability of tourist facilities and comfort, safety, etc. were major factors that determined the choice of the tourists that visited the islands. The weights given by the tourists to the natural sites in A&N Islands revealed that the landscape topped list with 91.6% score by the visitors followed by beaches (91.3%), scenery (86.5%), reserved forests (84.6%), limestone caves (66.3%) and coral sights (65.8%). Coral sites were given weight of 65.8% of tourists, cultural and historical tourism products 85.4% for the natural history. Similarly, historical sites (83.7%), museums (78.6%) and heritage sites (72.8%) were also among top cites attraction. Recent initiatives by the Andaman administration gives due to care to sustainably develop the tourism infrastructure of the islands to harness the potential of eco-friendly tourism in this picturesque tourist haven.     

Community perceptions of scuba dive tourism development in Bien Unido,Bohol Island,Philippines

The Coastal Conservation and Education Foundation (CCEF), a Philippine environmental organization, in collaboration with Region 7 municipality leaders from Cebu, Leyte, and Bohol, as well as various financial donors, is striving to improve the marine resource management of the Outer Danajon Bank in the Philippines. One of the goals is to develop scuba dive tourism along the Outer Bank, beginning with the municipality of Bien Unido on Bohol Island. Despite previous efforts to attract investors and tourists by the Bien Unido mayor, dive tourism is currently absent from the municipality. During the summer of 2011, the mayor, the CCEF, and a private real estate developer, agreed to invest in infrastructure and livelihood training in Bien Unido for the purpose of developing a scuba dive tourism industry. This study analyzes current community viewpoints on the development of dive tourism in Bien Unido and four selected dive tourist cites. The study consists of thirty-four qualitative interviews conducted in Bien Unido and four other dive tourist sites as well as 1117 quantitative surveys conducted with community members throughout the central portion of the Philippines (Region 7). This study complements the Danajon Bank Marine Park Project of the CCEF and makes recommendations to improve the management of the Danajon Bank Double Barrier coral reef with protected areas and alternative livelihood projects linked to tourism development. The interviews served to define tourism and to document the specific needs of each barangay, or community, for tourism development. The qualitative survey revealed generally positive attitudes regarding scuba dive tourism development. Nintey-one percent of respondents believe tourism will help the barangay and most would participate in selling food/drink or being a recreational tour guide for tourists. Interview and survey respondents expectations that economic benefits will outweigh any social or environmental challenges, primarily alternative livelihoods and increased revenue for the municipality. Overall, Bien Unido and Region 7 community members will likely welcome visitors to their communities due to the expected benefits regardless of other negative environmental and social externalities such as increases in resource pressures and losses of tradition. Four additional municipalities were selected as “tourism developed sites” to further explore the negative and positive impacts of dive tourism, as perceived by the barangay captains or council, over a range of five to thirty years. These findings revealed challenges that were not mentioned in Bien Unido interviews or in the Region 7 qualitative surveys including changes in the price of living, increases in drug trafficking and sex trade, and private investors controlling community decisions.

“As long as tourists like to come, then we want them all. If they will come, we will welcome them all.” Bien Unido interviewee, July 19, 2011

     

Tourism,an ecological approach in protected areas: Karagöl-Sahara National Park,Turkey

Protected areas are important potential areas from the point of view of ecological tourism because of their natural, historical and cultural richness. In this study, the environmental sustainability of protected areas has been investigated within a sample of the Karagöl-Sahara National Park in Turkey. This national park has, so far, had little exposure to recreational and tourism activities. However, an increase in the number of tourists visiting the park has been observed as a result of the demands of ecological tourism. This area was investigated with respect to ecological planning to prevent intensive usage from causing future damage, as a result of human thoughtlessness, and to protect the park. Additionally, the aim was to determine the usage potential using ecological planning and to propose variations of ecotourism thought to be helpful for the public. The Karagöl-Sahara National Park has valuable natural and cultural resources, and is an area whose recreation-tourism potential has been strongly protected. The national park also has major economic potential for ecotourism.     

我国自然保护区生态旅游存在问题分析

通过对2006年自然保护区建设管理基本情况调查和2008年自然保护区生态旅游专项问卷调查得到的数据进行分析,立足我国自然保护区生态旅游发展现状,从自然保护区生态旅游涉及的宏观决策管理,保护区管理机构,保护区与社区、旅游经营者、游客、生态环境的关系6个方面,系统地分析目前我国自然保护区生态旅游存在问题,并提出相应对策.