环境监测科研中实验室的环境保护

1.实验废水的处理实验废水有多种多样.在制定废水的处理方案时,要同时考虑废水的分类方法.废水分类方法不是一成不变的,而要根据实验废水的变化而作相应的调整.为此应组织各实验室和有关部门共同进行实验废水的种类、数量的调查和测定.在规定实验废水的分类方案时,应注意:以实验废水调查测定的结果为基础;以确定实验废水处理方法为依据,分类方案不应对处理方法产生干扰.确定的处理方法所不能处理的废液(物质)应另列一类,危害性毒性大的物质优先分类或就地处理(就在该实验室.原经手人员就地销毁或进行无害化处理).     

微电解-SBR组合工艺处理医药化工废水研究

医药化工废水作为一种高浓度、难降解有机废水,其预处理效果直接影响到最终出水水质.以硝基苯类废水为处理对象,采用先进微电解-SBR组合工艺技术进行处理试验.结果表明,经微电解处理医药废水硝基苯类、COD的去除率分别为93%和45%左右.废水的可生化性由约0.24提高到0.55.每吨废水处理成本为2.52元.     

天然材料处理电镀废水的研究进展

"以废治废"是一种经济效益好、资源消耗低、环境污染少的环境保护新思路,被广泛应用于各类环境污染治理技术上。电镀废水是一种典型的重金属污染废水,同时具有较高的循环利用价值。在介绍电镀废水的特点、常见治理方法的基础上,综述了天然材料在处理电镀废水技术的应用情况和发展前景,分析了天然材料在处理电镀废水的优点,指出天然材料在处理电镀废水的发展趋势。     

稀土生产废水治理方案综述

论述了稀土生产废水对环境的影响和危害,针对其影响和然害,从回收资源和废水达标排放角度,对稀土生产产生的酸性废水,硫铵废水和氯铵废水的各种处理方法进行了论述,通过对各种处理方法的筛选,优化,确定了最佳处理方案。     

乳状液膜法处理化工废水应用研究进展

介绍了乳状液膜分离技术在处理化工废水方面具有的优点,研究进展和应用实例,结合甘肃省化工废水的具体情况,提出了乳状液膜法在处理化工废水方面的应用前景。     

焦化行业酚氰废水处理工艺现状浅析

酚氰废水含有大量的有毒有害物质,同时由于浓度高,成分复杂,导致处理难度增大,随着环保工作要求的逐年提高,酚氰废水的处理效果问题愈发凸现.本文通过对酚氰废水来源、水质特点、处理工艺对比分析,详细阐述了焦化行业目前的处理工艺演变过程和处理现状水平.     

炼油企业污水回用绿化灌溉对土壤的影响

总结了国内外炼油废水深度处理和回用的研究与生产应用的现状及近10年来处理炼油废水回用深度处理的一些新的工艺、技术和工业化应用的进展，指出了我国炼油废水回用的发展趋势．     

芬顿—金属盐法处理农药废水的研究

介绍了目前农药污染的危害及Fenton试剂处理农药废水的现状,本文通过控制和改变Fenton试剂处理农药废水的实验参数得到了一套最优化的实验条件。该研究对目前芬顿-金属盐法处理农药废水的应用有一定的参考价值。     

造纸废水的处理技术及研究进展

文章简述了国内外造纸废水常用处理方法,并对各种方法进行了评价和分析.介绍了处理造纸废水的新技术,以及可行性和发展前景.     

化学絮凝-气浮工艺在处理高浓度CTMP制浆造纸废水中的应用

叙述了化学絮凝--气浮处理高浓度CTMP制浆造纸废水工艺及其二段废水排放.实际运行表明,该工艺处理效率高,出水水质稳定,二段废水进入龙岩市污水处理厂与城市生活污水混合,集中处理后达标排放,取得了较好的社会效益和经济效益.     

新疆城市污水处理方式及利用途径初探

奎屯市城市污水的处理现阶段采用一级处理后接生物稳定塘的处理工艺是较为适宜的,但要注意做好污水及处理水的排放监测,加强排水管理,今后要逐步完善为规范的二级处理工艺。对污水处理要制定切实可行的水污染防治规划,不拘泥于现有的排水方案和污水处理厂选址,在污水厂下游建设规范的污水库作为处理水资源化利用的必要措施。我区多数城市水污染防治路线与奎屯市有着相似性,对各城市污水处理方式及利用途径可采用此方法进行深入细致的研究论证,为未来城市污水的有效处理及无害化、资源化利用打下基础。     

区域污染治理能力与排污规模的协调性评价

为分析区域排污规模与污染治理的协调性,构建了排污规模与污染治理协调度模型,并以2006、2013年的数据对模型进行实证分析。结果表明,制约排污规模和污染治理协调性的主要矛盾是污染治理能力的落后,全国70%以上地区污染治理能力均滞后于污染物产生规模;国内治理能力在研究期间不断提高,区域差异在不断缩小,治理能力过度滞后的省份由14个减少到2个;除江苏外2013年其余各地区均有1项或多项污染物的治理能力滞后,其中生活废水治理能力滞后的区域最多;经济发展水平是影响协调性的重要因素,2013年协调度与地区人均GDP基本呈线性关系。模型实证计算结果与主观判断也较为吻合,具有一定的推广应用价值。     

Enrichment of <Superscript>15</Superscript>N/<Superscript>14</Superscript>N in wastewater-derived effluent varies with operational performance of treatment systems: implications for isotope monitoring in receiving environments

Stable nitrogen isotope ratios are routinely used to trace the dispersion and assimilation of wastewater-derived N in receiving environments, but few isotope studies have investigated wastewater treatment plants and ponds themselves. An improved understanding of N isotope compositions in effluent will help assess treatment plant processes and performance and will help trace sources of excess nutrients in receiving environments. Here, we assess N budgets and treatment processes in seven wastewater treatment plants and wastewater stabilisation ponds in northern Australia based on concentrations and isotope ratios of N in effluent. We show that δ¹⁵N values in effluent are linked to treatment type, effectiveness of conversion of ammonia and levels of gaseous N emissions. These relationships suggest that N isotope monitoring of wastewater treatment plants and ponds can provide an integrated assessment of treatment performance and gaseous N emissions on a pond- or plant-wide scale that is not readily available through other methods. Our findings further imply that monitoring N isotope ratios in receiving environments cannot be assumed to be universally effective as their sensitivity to uptake of wastewater-derived N will vary with the characteristics of individual treatment systems. Paradoxically, N isotope monitoring is less effective where treatment systems are functioning poorly and where monitoring needs are the greatest.     

生态塘组合工艺处理小城镇生活污水的前景及应用

简述了小城镇战略定位及污水处理重要性和紧迫性,指出我国小城镇污水处理的现状及压力,分析了适宜于小城镇污水处理的生态塘组合处理工艺作为一项高效实用的环保技术的优势和发展趋势,并通过生态塘湿地系统在南京汤泉镇污水处理中的应用实例分析,介绍了构建生态塘系统的关键设计参数及其工艺特点,为小城镇生态保护与建设污水处理厂提供技术支撑和示范样板。     

Examination of the operator and compensator tank role in urban wastewater treatment using activated sludge method

No doubt, operator is one of the main fundaments in wastewater treatment plants. By identifying the inadequacies, the operator could be considered as an important key in treatment plant. Several methods are used for wastewater treatment that requires spending a lot of cost. However, all investments of treatment facilities are useable when the expected efficiency of the treatment plant was obtained. Using experienced operator, this goal is more easily accessible. In this research, the wastewater of an urban community contaminated with moderated, diluted and highly concentrated pollution has been treated using surface and deep aeration treatment method. Sampling of these pilots was performed during winter 2008 to summer 2009. The results indicate that all analyzed parameters were eliminated using activated sludge and surface aeration methods. However, in activated sludge and deep aeration methods in combination with suitable function of operator, more pollutants could be eliminated. Hence, existence of operator in wastewater treatment plants is the basic principle to achieve considered efficiency. Wastewater treatment system is not intelligent itself and that is the operator who can organize even an inefficient system by its continuous presence. The converse of this fact is also real. Despite the various units and appropriate design of wastewater treatment plant, without an operator, the studied process cannot be expected highly efficient. In places frequently affected by the shock of organic and hydraulic loads, the compensator tank is important to offset the wastewater treatment process. Finally, in regard to microbial parameters, existence of disinfection unit is very useful.     

南京市污水处理厂污泥处理处置现状

调查了南京市污水处理厂污泥产生量、成分、达标状况以及污泥处置方式,指出了污泥处置中存在的问题。提出依据国家相应的标准和法律法规,建立和完善污泥处理处置产业政策,大力发展相关技术和工艺等建议。     

基于WATER9模型的城镇污水处理中VOCs排放量研究

通过开展城镇污水处理模拟实验,与WATER9模拟结果比对和误差分析,使用优化后的WATER9模型模拟计算扬州汤汪污水处理厂一期工程的VOCs排放量,并分析各参数对VOCs排放量的影响.结果表明:WATER9模型满足城市污水处理厂污水处理过程中VOCs排放量的模拟要求,优化后的模拟值与实测值之间的相对偏差小于8％.实验结...     

A Characterization of Selected Endocrine Disruptor Compounds in a Portuguese Wastewater Treatment Plant

Anthropogenic compounds that are able to disrupt the endocrine system of wildlife species are a major cause for concern and have led to a demand for new screening methods. The identification and quantification of endocrine disruptor compounds at wastewater treatment plant is of major interest to assess the endocrine activity of wastewater treatment plant discharges into the environment. This study consists of a preliminary survey of concentrations of previously selected endocrine disruptor compounds, undertaken to establish environmental concentrations and to support a biological program assay exposing freshwater fish to them. Selected endocrine disrupting chemicals (APEs, bisphenol A and 17 β-estradiol) were measured in samples from a wastewater treatment plant located in Lisbon (Portugal), using recent commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and also LC-MS/MS. The results show that the wastewater treatment plant treatment process is efficient on the removal of target endocrine disruptor compounds. However, environmentally significant concentrations are still present in the treated effluent. The results also show that enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit is suitable for routine analysis of the selected compounds. The results are also useful since the wastewater treatment plant is located in a Mediterranean region, which results in an effluent with its own characteristics.     

论国内电子废弃物污染现状与改善对策

当前,电子废弃物的处理处置已经成为我国面临的一项全新挑战.国内电子废弃物的处理处置正向产业化方向稳步推进.本文介绍了我国目前电子废弃物的特点和处理电子废弃物的污染现状,并且结合我国国情相应地提出了我国在电子废弃物处理处置过程中的预防措施和改善对策.     

2016—2019年长江经济带总磷污染及治理特征分析

基于环境统计数据分析了长江经济带工业源和生活源总磷污染及治理特征。结果表明,2016—2019年,长江经济带工业源和生活源总磷排放量总体下降,但占全国比例逐年增加。工业源涉磷企业主要分布在江苏、浙江、四川、湖北等省,主要涉及纺织、农副食品、化工、电镀等行业;下游的南通、苏州、宁波、绍兴和杭州等城市"三磷"企业总磷产生量也较大。工业源总磷治理存在污水处理设施建设和现有治理能力不足的问题。四川、江苏、湖南等地的生活源总磷排放量较大,贵州、江西、云南等地的人均总磷排放量较高。长江经济带上游流域、地区生活污水处理率、总磷去除率较低。建议加强工业源涉磷企业监管和治理力度,强化上游地区生活污水处理设施建设和提标改造,减少总磷污染。