The flavo-enzyme xanthine oxidase is under circadian control in the marine alga Gonyaulax

The activity of xanthine oxidoreductases (xanthine oxidase, XO, EC 1.2.3.2 and xanthine dehydrogenase, XDH, EC 1.1.1.204) in partially purified extracts of Gonyaulax polyedra was measured over 24 h both in a light:dark cycle and in constant light. This is the first demonstration of xanthine oxidoreductase in a unicellular alga. The activity of the O₂-dependent form (XO) was found to be 15 times higher in light than in darkness. The same time-of-day specific differences persisted in constant light, demonstrating a control of XO by the circadian clock. In contrast, the activity of the NAD-dependent form (XDH) is not under circadian control. Because pharmacological inhibition of XO also blocks the effect of blue light on the Gonyaulax circadian clock, the possible relationship between XO and light reception in this unicellular alga will be discussed.     

Interactive e ect of dissolved organic matter and phenanthrene on soil enzymatic activities

The investigation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on urease, catalase and polyphenol oxidase activity in a phenanthrene (Phe)- contaminated soil was conducted under laboratory incubation conditions. Values of soil enzymatic activity depended mainly on incubation time. In the initial 16 days, urease activity increased, and was followed by a decrease. In the initial 8 days, catalase activity decreased and then increased. Variation of polyphenol oxidase activity was just the reverse of catalase activity. After 30 days of incubation, no pronounced di erence among treatments with Phe, Phe and DOM, and control were detected in urease, catalase and polyphenol oxidase activity. Phe might inhibit urease and catalase, and stimulate polyphenol oxidase. DOM could improve inhibition of Phe in soil urease and catalase activity during the initial period of applying DOM. Nevertheless, DOM had no significant e ect on polyphenol oxidase activity in the Phe contaminated soil. There was a negative correlation between catalase and polyphenol oxidase (r = –0.761***), and catalase and urease (r = –0.554**). Additionally, a positive correlation between polyphenol oxidase and urease was also detected (r = 0.701***). It is implied that the formed DOM after application of organic wastes into soils may counteract the inhibition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil enzyme activities.     

Interactive effect of dissolved organic matter and phenanthrene on soil enzymatic activities

The investigation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on urease, catalase and polyphenol oxidase activity in a phenanthrene (Phe)-contaminated soil was conducted under laboratory incubation conditions. Values of soil enzymatic activity depended mainly on incubation time. In the initial 16 days, urease activity increased, and was followed by a decrease. In the initial 8 days, catalase activity decreased and then increased. Variation of polyphenol oxidase activity was just the reverse of catalase activity. After 30 days of incubation, no pronounced difference among treatments with Phe, Phe and DOM, and control were detected in urease, catalase and polyphenol oxidase activity. Phe might inhibit urease and catalase, and stimulate polyphenol oxidase. DOM could improve inhibition of Phe in soil urease and catalase activity during the initial period of applying DOM. Nevertheless, DOM had no significant effect on polyphenol oxidase activity in the Phe contaminated soil. There was a negative correlation between catalase and polyphenol oxidase (r = -0.761~(***)), and catalase and urease (r = -0.554~(**)). Additionally, a positive correlation between polyphenol oxidase and urease was also detected (r = 0.701~(***)). It is implied that the formed DOM after application of organic wastes into soils may counteract the inhibition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil enzyme activities.     

Prenatal diagnosis of molybdenum cofactor deficiency and isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency

Molybdenum cofactor deficiency and isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency are autosomal recessive inborn errors of metabolism with severe neurological symptoms resulting from a lack of sulfite oxidase activity. The deficiencies can be diagnosed prenatally by monitoring sulfite oxidase activity in chorionic villus sampling (CVS) tissue. In those families in which the specific defects have been identified, diagnosis can be achieved by mutation analysis or linkage studies directed at affected genes. These include MOCS1, MOCS2 or GEPH, in cases of molybdenum cofactor deficiency, or SUOX in patients with isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency: mutation analysis and DNA-based prenatal diagnosis

Isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency is an autosomal recessive, neurological disorder resulting from a defect in SUOX, the gene encoding the enzyme that catalyzes the terminal reaction in the sulfur amino acid degradation pathway. In its classical, severe form, sulfite oxidase deficiency leads to intractable seizures, severe and progressive brain pathology and death at an early age. We report here on clinical features and mutational analysis of the genetic defect in a newborn with sulfite oxidase deficiency. Cultured fibroblasts from this patient exhibited no detectable sulfite oxidase activity, and a unique four base pair deletion was present in the cDNA isolated from the same source. Identification of the same genetic defect in a heterozygous state in each of the parents and the monitoring of subsequent pregnancies in this family by DNA-based prenatal diagnosis are also described. The deletion mutation was identified in a homozygous state in uncultured chorionic villus tissue from the second pregnancy that was subsequently terminated. In the third pregnancy, the presence of sulfite oxidase activity and identification of the mutation in a heterozygous state suggested that the fetus was not affected. This pregnancy resulted in the birth of a normal child. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

小麦/苜蓿套作对菲污染土壤酶活性的影响

以菲为多环芳烃(PAHs)代表物,采用植物土培和室内培养、分析试验探讨了菲污染土壤小麦/苜蓿套作修复过程中土壤酶活性的动态变化.结果表明,种植植物提高了菲污染土壤蔗糖酶、多酚氧化酶、脲酶和磷酸酯酶的活性,酶活性升高幅度为14.72%～46.52%;却抑制了土壤过氧化氢酶的活性,抑制率为36.13%～94.79%.蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶活性在第14 d,脲酶和磷酸酯酶活性在第21 d达到最大值;而过氧化氢酶活性在第7 d达到最小值;过氧化氢酶活性达到极值所需时间短,其对菲相对敏感,过氧化氢酶可作为     

3H和99Tc在黄土中的迁移特性比较

³H和⁹⁹Tc是低中放废物处置中2个重要的核素,在处置场的安全评价中十分重要.由于介质对³H和⁹⁹Tc的吸附较弱,常忽略其滞留性,并用³H标定地下水的流速.野外实验表明:在包气带中,黄土对⁹⁹Tc的吸附大于³H;在含水层中,黄土对³H迁移的影响大于⁹⁹Tc.本文根据实验数据,采用非平衡吸附模式NESOR程序分别模拟了³H和⁹⁹Tc在黄土包气带和含水层中的迁移过程.模拟结果表明:⁹⁹Tc在黄土包气带中的分配系数范围为0.05～0.055mL/g;³H在黄土含水层中分配系数为0.116mL/g,该参数是黄土对³H和⁹⁹Tc综合影响的结果,其滞留机理尚待研究.     

菲、芘污染土壤中丛枝菌根真菌对土壤酶活性的影响

采用温室盆栽试验方法,研究了丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对菲、芘复合污染土壤中微生物数量和酶活性的影响.结果表明,接种AMF显著增加了三叶草根际和菌丝际土壤中细菌、真菌和放线菌的数量,并对微生物区系有选择性.在供试菲、芘污染浓度范围内,低浓度菲、芘对土壤多酚氧化酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性有激活作用;但当菲、芘浓度升高时,3种酶活性受到抑制.与无植物对照土壤相比,接种AMF后三叶草菌根际酸性磷酸酶活性降低了2.4%~23.1%,过氧化氢酶活性增加了12.6%~20.3%,除高浓度处理外多酚氧化酶活性均增加;菌丝际多酚氧化酶活性比菌根际低12.9%~62.9%,酸性磷酸酶活性比菌根际高3.3%~24.0%,过氧化氢酶活性则高于菌根际.     

Transformation of hydroxylated and methoxylated 2,2′,4,4′,5-brominated diphenyl ether(BDE-99) in plants

The occurrence and fate of hydroxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (OH-PBDEs) and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) have received significant attention. However, there is limited information on the metabolism relationship between OH-pentaBDEs and MeO-pentaBDEs that were frequently detected with relatively high concentrations in the environment. In this study, the biotransformation between OH-BDE-99 and MeO-BDE-99 was investigated in rice, wheat, and soybean plants. All the three plants can metabolize OH-BDE-99 to corresponding homologous methoxylated metabolites, while the transformation from MeO-BDE-99 to OH-BDE-99 could only be found in soybean. The conversion of parent compounds was the highest in soybean, followed by wheat and rice. Transformation products were found mainly in the roots, with few metabolites being translocated to the shoots and solution after exposure. The results of this study provide valuable information for a better understanding of the accumulation and transformation of OH-PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs in different plants.     

腐植酸对李氏禾-红壤处理系统中铬赋存形态、微生物群落及酶活性的影响

研究了不施加和施加10g/kg腐植酸后,李氏禾(Leersia hexandra Swartz)-红壤处理系统中基质和李氏禾体内铬赋存形态、微生物群落数量及酶活性的变化。结果表明:施加腐植酸后,基质中以残渣态铬为主;李氏禾茎叶中以残渣态铬为主,根中则以盐酸提取态铬为主。腐植酸能显著促进细菌、真菌和放线菌生长繁殖,3大菌群数量最大值分别为6.76×107,4.48×107,7.71×107CFU/g。酶活性分析表明,施加腐植酸有利于提高蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶活性,降低过氧化氢酶和多酚氧化酶酶活性。相关性分析表明,多酚氧化酶和过氧化氢酶活性均与细菌数量和腐植酸浓度呈负相关,细菌、真菌和放线菌数量与腐植酸浓度呈正相关。3大菌群数量均与基质残渣态铬含量呈正相关。蔗糖酶与基质和李氏禾体内铬形态含量均呈负相关;多酚氧化酶活性与李氏禾体内大部分铬形态含量呈正相关。     

结合光谱法和计算模拟多角度分析2,2',4,4',5-五溴二苯醚与人血清白蛋白的作用机制

本文结合光谱法、动力学模拟(MD)和分子对接等手段,多角度地研究了2,2′,4,4′,5-五溴二苯醚(BDE-99)与人血清白蛋白(HSA)在pH=7.4模拟生理环境下的相互作用机制.首先采用MD从理论上模拟BDE-99与HSA相互作用的构象变化情况;然后利用同步荧光和三维荧光光谱法从实验角度进行验证,所得结果表明,BDE-99使HSA的疏水性增强从而导致其构象发生变化.同时,荧光光谱和紫外光谱得出BDE-99对HSA的猝灭机制属于静态猝灭和非辐射能量转移.另外,分子对接结果显示,BDE-99通过静电引力和疏水作用力结合在HSA的位点I处,这与竞争实验和热力学参数的分析结果是一致的.实验数据与模拟计算结果的相互印证,为进一步探究BDE-99和HSA的相互作用机制提供了重要的信息和参考依据.     

超滤/反渗透双膜法处理印染废水及其回用工程应用

采用超滤/反渗透双膜法工艺处理浙江绍兴某纺织企业的印染废水并回用,工程实践结果表明系统运行良好。经过该工艺处理后,出水COD及色度几乎检测不出,电导率小于22μS/cm,浊度小于0.1NTU,COD去除效率达到99%以上,色度及浊度的去除率均接近100%,对盐分的去除率在99%以上,总回用率达到85%。系统运行稳定可靠,处理效率高,出水水质能满足印染企业分级回用要求,经济和社会效益明显。     

Construction of hybrid cell with Phanerochaete chrysosporium todegrade terephthalic acid wastewater (I) phenotype evidence

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＰｈａｎｅｒｏｃｈａｅｔｅｃｈｒｙｓｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍ (ＰＣ)ｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｕｎｕｓｕａｌｗｈｉｔｅｒｏｔｆｕｎｇｉｔｈａｔｉｔｉｓａｂｌｅｔｏｍｉｎｅｒａｌｉｚｅｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｏｆｎａｔｉｖｅｌｉｇｎｉｎ .Ａｎｄｉｔａｌｓｏｃａｎｄｅｇｒａｄｅａｌｍｏｓｔａｌｌｈａｚａｒｄｏｕｓｏｒｇａｎｉｃｐｏｌｌｕｔａｎｔｓｉｎｃｌｕｄｉｎｇｇｅｎｅｔｉｃｍｕｔａｇｅｎｉｃａｇｅｎｔｓｓｕｃｈａｓｃｈｌｏｒｉｎａｔｅｄｏｒｇａｎｉｃｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄｓ,ｐｏｌｙｃｙｃｌｉｃ…     

乙醇环己烷废液的回收

以水为萃取剂，萃取分离乙醇和环己烷，得到乙醇水溶液和粗环己烷。粗环己煊经精馏提纯，得到纯度为９９．９１％的纯品；乙醇水溶液经分馏，ＣａＯ脱水后得无水乙醇，纯度达９９．７４％。     

铁路行业喷漆工艺中VOCs废气净化的研究

本文拟采用烧结金属粉末微孔过滤材料为吸附材料,催化剂为CuMn/γ-Al2O3来净化铁路行业喷漆过程中产生的VOCs废气。试验结果：VOCs中甲苯和二甲苯在温度高于260℃条件下转化率大于99%。在温度高于290℃,苯的转化率同样可以超过99%。经过现场试验验证：VOCs在温度300℃时经过烧结金属粉末过滤器处理后,以上三种废气的去除率均大于99%,排放浓度低于北京市《大气污染物综合排放标准》DB11/501-2007中的排放限值。     

烧结金属催化材料净化印刷工艺中VOCs废气的试验研究

采用以烧结金属粉末微孔过滤材料为吸附材料和催化剂基体、CuMn／γ-Al2O3为催化剂的烧结金属催化净化装置,可实现对VOCs废气的有效去除。实验室试验表明：苯、甲苯和二甲苯的催化转化率均随温度的升高而增加。在250℃以上,甲苯和二甲苯的催化转化率高于99％;在280℃以上,苯的催化转化率高于99％。空速为2．0s^-1时催化荆的催化转化率要较空速为3．0s^-1时高。现场试验表明：在300℃左右,VOCs气体经过由烧结金属催化材料刺成的金属过滤器后,苯、甲苯、二甲苯的去除率均高于99％。经金属过滤器处理后,苯、甲苯、二甲苯的排放浓度可低于北京市《大气污染物综合排放标准》DB11／501—2007中的排放限值排放。     

炼油厂含锌高浓度氨氮废水汽提性能研究

分析了含锌高浓度氨氮废水和催化裂化含硫废水的水质,将两种废水混合进行一定的调配后,使其中重金属污染物以ZnS的形式沉淀并过滤出来,Zn2+的去除率达9999%;过滤液进入汽提装置以去除其中的氨氮和硫,重点对该废水的汽提性能作了考察。     

9种硝基苯对鱼肝微粒体EROD活性的影响

混合功能氧化酶系(mixed function oxidase,MFO)中的敏感指标,7-乙氧基-异吩唑酮-脱乙基酶(7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase,EROD)已作为生物标志物,应用于生态毒理学研究领域.笔者以苯并(a)芘作为阳性对照,采用鲤鱼肝脏体外直接染毒测定EROD的方法,分析了9种硝基苯对EROD活性的诱导影响.      

黄曲霉A5p1脱色类黑精及其机理初探:葡萄糖氧化酶的作用

类黑精是一种高分子难降解色素污染物质,在糖蜜酒精废水中大量存在.选取在前期研究中对糖蜜酒精废水具有较好脱色作用的黄曲霉(Aspergillus flavus)A5p1(保藏号CGMCC.4292),以合成的类黑精为对象研究脱色机理,试图为实际废水的生物脱色提供理论基础.结果显示,此菌株对合成类黑精具有生物吸附和生物降解的双重作用,以后者为主,最高脱色率可达65%.相较于漆酶、依赖/不依赖于锰的过氧化物酶等常规氧化脱色酶,此菌株中的产过氧化氢酶对脱色起主要作用,而且脱色过程中作为产过氧化氢酶之一的葡萄糖氧化酶与类黑精脱色率之间存在着一定的正相关性.添加葡萄糖氧化酶激活剂和抑制剂进行验证,发现葡萄糖氧化酶酶活力、过氧化氢产量和脱色率三者之间呈相关性变化.初步推测,葡萄糖氧化酶是黄曲霉A5p1生物降解脱色类黑精的关键酶之一.     

退耕地养分和微生物量对土壤酶活性的影响

为了解侵蚀环境下植被恢复土壤酶活性对土壤养分和微生物量指标的响应规律,以典型侵蚀环境黄土丘陵区纸坊沟流域生态恢复1~50年撂荒地长期定位试验点为研究对象,采用典型逐步回归和非线性拟合来分析各指标间的耦合关系.结果表明,土壤酶活性除a淀粉酶外,均与土壤养分因子和微生物量指标有较高的相关性(P<0.05).在土壤酶活性和养分因子间,尿酶和纤维素酶主要受总氮影响,碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶主要受可利用氮影响,蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶还受到有机质的影响;在土壤酶活性和微生物量指标间,尿酶主要受微生物量磷影响,碱性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶均受微生物量碳影响,纤维素酶则受微生物量氮影响,但多酚氧化酶与可利用氮、有机质和微生物量碳呈负相关;此外,它们之间均存在良好的对数关系(y=b+alnx, P<0.05).