石灰/粉煤灰水合反应制备高活性脱硫剂机理分析

以粉煤灰的特殊结构为基础 ,分析了石灰 粉煤灰水合反应制备高活性脱硫剂的反应产物、反应过程 ,以及添加剂和压力水合的机制     

污泥基层状双氧化物/生物炭复合材料的原位制备及吸附机理

针对市政污泥中金属资源化程度低的问题,以富含铝的市政污泥为原料制备得到污泥基镁铝层状双氧化物/生物炭 (MgAl LDO@biochar) 复合材料。结合结构表征,静态吸附和动态吸附实验系统探讨LDO@biochar的吸附性能和吸附机理。结果表明,铝镁摩尔比为1∶2时,所制备LDO@biochar的比表面积和晶粒尺寸最大,其对模式污染物刚果红的吸附容量最高。在吸附过程中LDO通过“记忆效应”重构层状双氢氧化物 (LDH) 结构从而对阴离子产生吸附作用,biochar的共轭碳环和含氧官能团也可以作为污染物结合位点。污染物与吸附剂之间可通过离子交换、π-π共轭、氢键作用和静电吸引等方式结合。与阳离子型染料罗丹明B (11.30 mg·g⁻¹) 和具有单一共轭环结构的磺胺 (20.25 mg·g⁻¹) 相比,阴离子型染料酸性橙II (181.30 mg·g⁻¹) 和具有多共轭环结构的四环素 (39.49 mg·g⁻¹) 的平衡吸附容量更大,而具有多共轭环结构的阴离子型染料刚果红的平衡吸附容量高达477.46 mg·g⁻¹。本研究结果可为综合利用市政污泥制备高附加值环境功能材料提供参考。     

Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by a novel HEA/AMPS copolymer hydrogel: preparation, characterization, and mechanism

This study aims to synthesize 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic (AMPS) acid-based hydrogels by gamma radiation and to investigate their swelling behavior and heavy metal ion adsorption capabilities. The copolymer hydrogels prepared were characterized via scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectra, thermal gravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The research showed that the copolymer hydrogel was beneficial for permeation due to its porous structure. In addition, the experimental group A-2-d [70 % water volume ratio and (n (AMPS)/n (HEA))?=?1:1] was an optimal adsorbent. The optimal pH was 6.0 and the optimal temperature was 15 °C. Pb²⁺, Cd²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Fe³+ achieved adsorption equilibriums within 24 h, whereas Cr³⁺ reached equilibrium in 5 h. Pb²+, Cd²⁺, Cr³⁺, and Fe³⁺ maximum load capacity was 1,000 mg L^?1, whereas the Cu²⁺ maximum capacity was 500 mg L^?1. The priority order in the multicomponent adsorption was Cr³⁺>Fe³⁺>Cu²⁺>Cd²⁺>Pb²⁺. The adsorption process of the HEA/AMPS copolymer hydrogel for the heavy metal ions was mainly due to chemisorption, and was only partly due to physisorption, according to the pseudo-second-order equation and Langmuir adsorption isotherm analyses. The HEA/AMPS copolymer hydrogel was confirmed to be an effective adsorbent for heavy metal ion adsorption.     

The evaluation of dioxin and dioxin-like contaminants in selected food samples obtained from the Belgian market: comparison of TEQ measurements obtained through the CALUX bioassay with congener specific chemical analyses

A limited number of different foods were analysed for dioxin-like compounds by the CALUX bioassay which is an in vitro luciferase reporter gene assay measuring chemical activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Sixty-two milk samples were obtained from a surveillance campaign, 34 meat samples and 34 fishery products were purchased from the Belgian market. Bio-analytical and chemo-analytical dioxin toxicity equivalents (TEQ) values of the same milk samples were compared. Spearman's Rank correlation coefficients of 0.72, 0.67, 0.73 were obtained respectively between CALUX-TEQ and PCDD/F-TEQ, DL-PCB-TEQ and PCDD/F+DL-PCB-TEQ. The bioassay limit of detection was 0.1 pg TEQ from 1 g animal lipid, the limit of quantification was 0.4 pg TEQ. The repeatability of the CALUX bioassay (variability of butter fat samples analysed in the same run) showed a coefficient of variation (CV) of 10%, intra laboratory reproducibility based on independent runs of the same butter fat samples showed more variation (CV of 26% for samples above 2 pg TEQ/g lipid). All milk samples with a chemical TEQ value above the current limit value in Belgium showed an elevated CALUX-TEQ concentration, above 6 pg TEQ/g lipid. No false negative results were obtained. Based on the good correlation between CALUX-TEQ and chemically measured TEQ levels, the CALUX bioassay can be recommended as a screening tool for routine measurement of potentially toxic PHAHs in milk samples. Chemical analyses could then largely be restricted to positive samples, in order to identify the nature and to quantify the concentration of the chemicals that give the positive signal. Meat samples showed lower CALUX-TEQ values per gram lipid compared to fish samples. The fish samples showed a wider range of CALUX-TEQ values than the meat samples.     

The preparation of slow-release fertilizers with biomass ash and water/waste acid solutions from desulfurization and denitrification of flue gas

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, a method of preparing fertilizers with the fly ash from biomass power plants and the waste acid solution from flue gas desulfurization...