A review on the influencing factors of pavement surface temperature

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Pavement surface temperature is of great significance to pavement performance and pavement design, as well as the development of cool pavements. The...     

Identifying influencing factors on paved roads silt loading

The factors that influence the increase or decrease of silt loadings on paved roadways have not been fully quantitatively investigated. They were identified in this study based on the quarterly silt loading sampling data collected from 20 sites by the Clark County Department of Air Quality and Environmental Management in Southern Nevada for the period from 2000 to 2003. The silt loading and associated data collected over these years at one sampling site may inherently possess site-specific characteristics that can be better incorporated by using panel data models. The factors that are identified as significant are the presence of curbs and gutters, shoulder type, pavement conditions, and the presence of construction activities in the vicinity of roadways. The presence of curbs and gutters, stabilized shoulders, and good pavement conditions would result in decreased silt loadings. Conversely, the presence of construction activities within the immediate vicinity of sampled areas would result in increases of silt loadings on the roadway surfaces. Based on the analysis of the results, it was recommended that constructing curbs, gutters and stabilized shoulders, preventing or reducing construction track-out from construction activity, and improving pavement conditions be the preferred control measures to reduce silt loading on paved roadways.     

锶在改性介质中的吸附规律及其影响因素研究

通过室内等温静态批量平衡吸附实验,采用2种常见的等温吸附方程(Freundlich方程、Langmuir方程)对锶在3种不同润湿性的石英砂中的吸附行为进行了回归拟合。结果表明,介质润湿性对锶的吸附会产生重要的影响,润湿性较强的亲水性石英砂的吸附性能明显优于疏水性石英砂;从Freundlich方程和Langmuir方程拟合结果来看,两者均具有理想的相关性,但普通石英砂和亲水性石英砂的等温吸附式更符合Langmuir方程,而疏水性石英砂采用Freundlich方程拟合的相关性更好。     

砂对海水中溶解油的吸附及影响因素研究

以柴油污染的海水为对象，研究了砂对海水中溶解油的吸附作用及吸附的影响因素。结果表明，砂对溶解油的吸附符合Henry型吸附等温式，其吸附量随着砂粒粒径的减小、温度的降低和盐度的增加而增大。在影响吸附的3种因素中，粒径对吸附的影响最大。通过吸附热力学分析，推断砂对溶解油的吸附属于物理吸附。     

好氧颗粒污泥形成与运行稳定性的影响因素试验分析

用普通絮状污泥作为接种污泥,用SBR作为反应器,分析了高径比、污泥容积负荷以及营养比例(BOD5:N:P)等因素对好氧颗粒污泥形成的影响.试验结果表明,高径比对好氧颗粒污泥的形成有直接关系;污泥容积负荷越高、碳氮比正常、磷源缺乏越易诱导好氧颗粒污泥的骨架丝状菌的生长,可以促进好氧颗粒污泥的提前形成,但是越易引起粘性膨胀的出现.在高径比为38;6,污泥容积负荷为1.67 kg/(m3·d).BOD5:N:P为100:5:1,沉淀时同为2 h时,其好氧颗粒污泥形成时间为17个周期,成熟时间为23个周期,粒径为2～3 mm,平均污泥沉降比(SV)为29.0%,对模拟废水COD的平均去除率达94.3%.     

Research on the influencing factors of reverse logistics carbon footprint under sustainable development

With the concerns of ecological and circular economy along with sustainable development, reverse logistics has attracted the attention of enterprise. How to achieve sustainable development of reverse logistics has important practical significance of enhancing low carbon competitiveness. In this paper, the system boundary of reverse logistics carbon footprint is presented. Following the measurement of reverse logistics carbon footprint and reverse logistics carbon capacity is provided. The influencing factors of reverse logistics carbon footprint are classified into five parts such as intensity of reverse logistics, energy structure, energy efficiency, reverse logistics output, and product remanufacturing rate. The quantitative research methodology using ADF test, Johansen co-integration test, and impulse response is utilized to interpret the relationship between reverse logistics carbon footprint and the influencing factors more accurately. This research finds that energy efficiency, energy structure, and product remanufacturing rate are more capable of inhibiting reverse logistics carbon footprint. The statistical approaches will help practitioners in this field to structure their reverse logistics activities and also help academics in developing better decision models to reduce reverse logistics carbon footprint.     

半城市化地区生活垃圾产生及其影响因素分析

以典型半城市化地区--厦门市集美区为研究区域,调查了城市化梯度下的居住区特点和生活垃圾的产量;从半城市化地区的社会经济发展和环境意识实际状况出发,寻找微观尺度上影响生活垃圾产量的因素.半城市化地区生活垃圾产量较低但增长迅速,研究该地区生活垃圾产生及其影响因素的耦合关系,针对生活垃圾生产的源头,提出半城市化地区生活垃圾管...     

垃圾焚烧重金属迁移特性及其影响因素

综述了城市固体垃圾（MSW）焚烧过程中的Hg、Cd、Pb、Cu,Zn,As和Cr等几种主要重金属污染源在焚烧过程中的迁移特性及其主要影响因素。将重金属在焚烧过程中的迂变归结为：蒸发、气相和表面反应、冷凝成核团聚和飞灰吸附等4个主要过程；而垃圾中重金属的初始浓度、原始垃圾的基体盐分（如Al、Si和K、Na等的存在形式）、垃圾中的C1（PVc和NaCl）和S的含量、垃圾的含水量以及焚烧过程中的运行参数（温度、滞留时间、氧化一还原气氛）等都会对焚烧过程的迁移规律产生影响。     

钱塘江沉积物对染料亮蓝的吸附作用及影响因素

以钱塘江沉积物为研究对象,以亮蓝作为染料污染物的代表,研究感潮河口沉积物对染料的吸附作用及相关影响因素.结果表明:(1)沉积物吸附亮蓝是一个快速吸附过程,在很短的振荡时间内就有较高的吸附率,振荡10 min吸附率即达49％.当亮蓝等染料污染物因突发事故或偷排、漏排等进入钱塘江后,染料分子能在很短时间内吸附在沉积物上,随沉积物的运动在钱塘江中迁移.(2)亮蓝在沉积物上的吸附主要以表面吸附作用为主,等温吸附线可用Langmuir吸附模型拟合.经计算,亮蓝在钱塘江沉积物上的饱和吸附量约为2 780 mg/kg.(3)含沙量、盐度等因素对钱塘江沉积物吸附亮蓝有显著影响.沉积物用量越大,亮蓝吸附率越高,但当20 mL亮蓝溶液中沉积物用量高于0.4g(即含沙量20 kg/m3)时,其吸附率基本保持不变;在低盐度范围内,等温吸附线区分度不大,当盐度上升到0.100 mol/L(以NaC1摩尔浓度表征盐度)时,吸附量出现显著增加.     

中国大陆畜牧业环境效率测算及影响因素研究

环境效率是衡量资源、环境与经济协调发展的重要指标。将畜牧业碳排放作为非期望产出,运用非径向非期望产出模型(SBM模型),测算中国大陆31个省(市、区)2000—2013年畜牧业环境效率,并运用处理受限因变量的截尾回归模型(Tobit模型)对其影响因素进行分解。结果显示:(1)中国大陆的畜牧业环境效率整体处于中等水平,上海、北京、福建、浙江、江苏的畜牧业环境效率领先于其他省份,东部地区畜牧业环境效率明显高于中部地区和西部地区;(2)禀赋结构、劳动力受教育程度对畜牧业环境效率有显著正向作用,畜牧业经济发展水平、产业结构、牛和猪的饲养量对畜牧业环境效率有显著消极影响,羊、家禽的饲养量对畜牧业环境效率没有显著性影响。     

中国省域"无废城市"发展水平及影响因素研究

运用熵权-TOPSIS法测度和分析中国省域"无废城市"发展水平的时空演变趋势,并利用动态面板模型和系统GMM估计考察"无废城市"发展的影响因素。结果表明:(1)中国"无废城市"发展状况在空间上呈东、中、西部递减趋势;在时间上东部区域呈下滑趋势,中、西部地区总体呈倒"U"型趋势。(2)经济发展水平与中国省域"无废城市"发展水平呈负相关;工业污染治理投资的影响较微弱;资源依赖性显著抑制了省域"无废城市"发展;高新技术产业能显著改善省域"无废城市"的发展水平;随着环境政策约束的强化,社区环境管理能力和外商直接投资对"无废城市"发展的影响从不显著转为促进作用。     

农田氮素淋溶损失影响因素及防治对策研究

农田氮素损失是造成农业非点源污染的主要原因之一,其中由于大量施用氮肥引起的土壤氮素淋溶损失又是农田氮素损失的重要途径.因此,农田氮素损失研究已成为国际土壤化学和环境科学领域研究的热点问题之一.根据近年来国内外在农田氮素运移领域的研究成果,从降雨和灌溉、施肥状况、土壤性质、耕作方式、作物种类和种植方式等方面分析了影响农田氮素淋溶损失的主要因素,提出了改进施肥方式、优化氮肥管理、推广缓释氮肥以及改善土地利用方式等提高氮肥利用率、减小氮素淋溶损失的防治对策.     

嗅觉实验配气方法的改进及影响因素研究

配制气体样品是异味测试及相关研究的基础工作,配气稳定性直接影响测试结果准确度。三点比较式臭袋法使用微量进样针量取并转移液体标准物质到3L无臭气袋的传统配气方法。对于异味阈值较小物质或样品浓度处于较低范围时,为了降低取样体积波动对配气精度和稳定性的影响。提出先将标准注入100mL玻璃注射器,充分挥发混匀后再转移部分气体到无臭气袋的两步式配气方法。结果表明,2种配气方法的准确度不存在显著差异,但两步式配气法的配气稳定性明显优于传统方法。此外,研究还发现,常见异味物质在被注人气袋后3min内便能完全挥发并混合均匀。除一些挥发性和吸附性极强的物质外,气袋内的异味物质气体浓度能在配好后20min内基本保持不变。     

Personal deposited dose and its influencing factors at several Greek sites: an analysis in respect to seasonal and diurnal variations

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The deposited dose in the human respiratory tract and its influencing factors were investigated for 8 urban/suburban locations within Greek cities. A...     

Plant uptake and dissipation of PBDEs in the soils of electronic waste recycling sites

Plant uptake and dissipation of weathered PBDEs in the soils of e-waste recycling sites were investigated in a greenhouse study. Eighteen PBDE congeners (tri- through deca-) were detected in the plant tissues. The proportion of lower brominated PBDEs (mono- through hexa-) in plant roots was higher than that in the soils. A concentration gradient was observed of PBDEs in plants with the highest concentrations in the roots followed by the stems and lowest in the leaves. Reduction rates of the total PBDEs in the soils ranged from 13.3 to 21.7% after plant harvest and lower brominated PBDEs were associated with a higher tendency to dissipate than the higher brominated PBDEs. This study provides the first evidence for plant uptake of weathered PBDEs in the soils of e-waste recycling sites and planting contributes to the removal of PBDEs in e-waste contaminated soils.     

Exploring the influencing factors of carbon neutralization in Chinese manufacturing enterprises

One of the key issues facing the government in achieving carbon neutrality is what methods can be used to effectively reduce carbon emissions. Taking manufacturing enterprises as an example, this paper studies the carbon emission reduction effects of green technology innovation subsidy (GIS), carbon tax (CT), and carbon emission trading (CET). Under the background of social welfare and carbon emission reduction efficiency, we get the results of optimal carbon emission reduction measures in different environments. The results are as follows: (1) In the initial and mature stage of green technology innovation, GIS is the best choice to improve the degree of green manufacturing and maximize social welfare. CT and CET are the best choice to obtain the highest SE (carbon emission reduction efficiency). (2) In the transitional stage, CET and CT can promote the maturity of green technology. However, with the maturity of green technology, the promotion of green technology has weakened. CT is the best choice to achieve the highest SE. (3) When the carbon tax or carbon trading price is at a high or low level, raising the tax rate or carbon trading price can increase the income of enterprises. Therefore, the government should take measures according to the objectives of different stages. When the goal is to maximize social benefits, GIS is the best choice in the initial stage and transition stage, and CET or CT is the best choice in the transition stage. In the initial stage and fertilization stage, when the highest SE, CT, or CET is the best choice, while in the transition stage, CT is the best choice.

     

光能自养生物膜形成机制及脱氮影响因素的研究进展

光能自养生物膜是一个由复杂微生物群落构成的相对稳定的微生态系统,微生物细胞及非生物物质镶嵌在微生物分泌的有机聚合物基质上,其显著特征是膜表面寄居着光能自养生长的微生物,并能在碳源缺乏条件下完成生物脱氮.总结了光能自养生物膜的形成机制,概述了光照、温度、微生物种类、营养物浓度对光能自养生物膜脱氮的影响,指出光能自养生物膜...     

天津市煤炭消费的行业结构和影响因素分析

分析了天津市煤炭消费的行业结构和影响因素,旨在为天津市削减煤炭消费总量提供参考依据。由于煤炭大部分用于生产二次能源,计算了天津市生产各行业消费的二次能源所需的煤炭量,将其与各行业的煤炭终端消费量综合考虑。结果显示,天津市煤炭消费的行业集中度较高,工业占大部分比例,其中又以钢铁、化工行业最突出,同时生活消费和第三产业的煤炭消费量也不容忽视。与全市煤炭消费总量灰色关联度最高的指标为城市建设用地数量和人均生活能源消费量。     

微波修复氯丹污染土壤中氯丹降解的影响因素研究

对微波修复氯丹污染土壤进行研究,重点考察了含水率、微波辐射时间、碱浓度、活性炭添加量和土壤量对其中氯丹降解的影响。结果表明:(1)总体上,氯丹降解率随着含水率的增加而先增加后减少,随着微波辐射时间的延长而增加。当含水率为20%、微波辐射15min后,α-氯丹和γ-氯丹的降解率分别增加到65%和56%。(2)总体上,氯丹降解率随着微波辐射时间的延长而不断增加,7min后氯丹的降解过程基本趋于平衡。10mol/L氢氧化钠溶液存在条件下氯丹降解效果最好,15min时α-氯丹和γ-氯丹的降解率分别为94%和82%。(3)氢氧化钠溶液最佳摩尔浓度为10mol/L。(4)添加1.0g活性炭条件下,氯丹降解率随着微波辐射时间延长而迅速增加,15min时α-氯丹和γ-氯丹的降解率分别为98%和94%。(5)当土壤和活性炭的质量比固定为15∶1时,随着土壤量的增加,氯丹降解率明显增加。     

活性炭纤维负载TiO2光催化降解甲醛的影响因素

利用自制光催化气体反应器体系,以活性炭纤维负载TiO2作催化剂,在紫外光照射下模拟降解室内污染气体甲醛,测试了活性炭纤维负载TiO2催化剂的催化活性,探讨了紫外光光强、催化剂的酸度、反应器内湿度及反应时间等控制反应的主要因素对甲醛降解率的影响。结果表明,活性炭纤维与TiO2的协同作用大大提高了对甲醛的降解效果;紫外光强增倍对甲醛降解率有一定提高,但提高幅度仅为11.71%;活性炭纤维用pH=5的TiO2溶胶浸泡做催化剂对甲醛的降解效果最好,60 min内降解率达到68.37%;反应器内的湿度为81%甲醛降解率最高,反应60 min后达82.2%;随着反应时间的延长,甲醛降解率的上升幅度不断减小,最高只能达到94.59%。