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The release of radioactive materials from the Fukushima nuclear power plant after the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011 poses health risks. In this study, the intake of iodine 131 (I-131) in drinking water and foods (milk, dairy products, and vegetables) by citizens of Tokyo was estimated. The effects of countermeasures (restrictions on the distribution of foods and the distribution of bottled water for infants) on reducing intake were also evaluated. The average thyroid equivalent doses without countermeasures from 21 March 2011 were 0.42 mSv in adults, 1.49 mSv in children, and 2.08 mSv in infants. Those with countermeasures were 0.28, 0.97, and 1.14 mSv respectively, reductions of 33%, 35%, and 45%. Drinking water contributed more to intake by adults and children than foods. The intake of I-131 within the first 2 weeks was more than 80% of the estimated intake, owing to its short half-life, indicating that rapid countermeasures are important in reducing intake. The average risks of cancer incidence and mortality due to I-131 for infants were estimated to be 3 × 10−5 and 0.2 × 10−5, respectively, lower than the annual risks of traffic accidents, naturally occurring radioactive material (potassium 40), and environmental pollutants such as diesel exhaust particles. 相似文献
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江苏省城市垃圾焚烧电厂烟气中重金属排放研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对江苏省现有垃圾焚烧电厂进行资料统计,分析了江苏省目前垃圾焚烧电厂规模及分布情况。选择典型垃圾焚烧电厂烟气进行现场采样监测,对垃圾焚烧电厂烟气中重金属铅、汞、镉含量进行分析。根据垃圾焚烧电厂相关信息,结合烟气中重金属含量及相关参数,估算江苏省垃圾焚烧电厂3种重金属年排放量,其中铅为2 010.50kg/a,汞为9.16kg/a,镉为424.63kg/a。根据垃圾焚烧电厂区域分布状况,引入地学模型,对垃圾焚烧电厂重金属区域分布特征进行了分析,结果显示江苏省东部明显高于西部,苏南高于苏北地区,其中苏南地区重金属排放量最大,铅、汞、镉分别占到垃圾焚烧排放总量的48%、51%、60%。通过重金属地学分析和数据统计,确定了江苏省垃圾焚烧重金属排放重点防控区域为苏南地区。 相似文献
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Samples of the moss Scleropodium purum collected in 1995 and 1997 were used to biomonitor the deposition of metals in the area surrounding a thermal power plant. Significantly higher levels of Cu (p<0.05), Fe (p<0.01), As and Hg (p<0.001) were found in the 1997 samples than in the 1995 samples, due to changes in atmospheric conditions. The influence on bioconcentration of the orientation of the sampling sites relative to the source of emission was studied. It was found that the increase recorded in 1997 generally occurred in the sampling sites in the south east of the study area. Analysis of the effect of distance from the source of emission revealed that the increase in metal levels in 1997 took place close to the power station (10–30 km). Finally, multiple regression analysis was used to construct a model that related different topographical variables to the concentrations of Hg in moss. The model, constructed using the data collected in both sampling periods, included the orientation of the sampling sites relative to the source of emission as well as the height of sampling sites in 1995 and the distance from the emission point in 1997. The model allowed us to determine the extent of the area affected by deposition and to establish the magnitude of deposition. 相似文献
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Samples of the moss Scleropodium purum collected in 1995 and 1997 were used to biomonitor the deposition of metals in the area surrounding a thermal power plant. Significantly higher levels of Cu (p<0.05), Fe (p<0.01), As and Hg (p<0.001) were found in the 1997 samples than in the 1995 samples, due to changes in atmospheric conditions. The influence on bioconcentration of the orientation of the sampling sites relative to the source of emission was studied. It was found that the increase recorded in 1997 generally occurred in the sampling sites in the south east of the study area. Analysis of the effect of distance from the source of emission revealed that the increase in metal levels in 1997 took place close to the power station (10–30 km). Finally, multiple regression analysis was used to construct a model that related different topographical variables to the concentrations of Hg in moss. The model, constructed using the data collected in both sampling periods, included the orientation of the sampling sites relative to the source of emission as well as the height of sampling sites in 1995 and the distance from the emission point in 1997. The model allowed us to determine the extent of the area affected by deposition and to establish the magnitude of deposition. 相似文献