世界银行贷款项目的环境审查程序及内容

世界银行对其提供贷款的项目有一套完整的、严格的环境审查程序。我国多数建设单位、评价单位对世界银行环境审查的程序、内容及要求不甚了解，为此本文简要介绍了世界银行内部对贷款项目进行的从环境筛选到项目后评价在内的整个环境审查程序及内容。     

美军标MIL-STD-810与国军标150

分析了湿热环境对装备的影响及机理．介绍了美国军标810C／D／E／F各版本中湿热试验程序的特点，分析了这些程序的变化过程及其对GJB 150／150A湿热试验程序的影响，指出了810F／和GJB 150A的湿热试验的目的仅是用以加速发现装备湿热问题，不再模拟寿命期遇到的复杂的温、湿度环境，实际上是一种加速试验。     

战略环境评价及其应用初探

本文概述了战略环境评价的概念、产生原因、研究现状及其工作程序，结合川南矿肥工程项目对它进行了应用初探 ，提出了计划、规划层次SEA的方法和指标，并对我国环评工作提出了建议。     

环境监理与环境执法

环境监理是一种新的环境管理实践，它适应了建立社会主义市场机制、机构改革和强化环境执法的需要。环境执法是健全环境法制、加强环境管理的重要手段，它具有自身的特点。当前，要加强环境执法，一是加强征收排污费，二是健全执法机构，三是制订合理的工作程序。     

美军标MIL-STD-810与国军标GJB150

分析了湿热环境时装备的影响及机理．介绍了美国军标810C／D／E／F各版本中湿热试验程序的特点．分析了这些程序的变化过程及其对GJB150／150A湿热试验程序的影响．指出了810F和GJB150A的湿热试验的目的仅是用以加速发现装备湿热问题．不再模拟寿命期遇到的复杂的温、湿度环境，实际上是一种加速试验。     

成片土地开发环境影响后评估方法初探

评论了对环境影响后评估概念的理解，阐述了成片土地开发环境影响后评估的目的，特点，重点，技术程序及工作要点，总结了试点后的体会。     

论环境行政程序在环境法治中的作用

从严执法是实现环境保护目标，做好环境保护工作的客观需要。近几年来，我们环境执法取得了很大进展，但是，实践中有法不依、执法不严、违法不究的现象仍在一定范围内普遍存在。要彻底改变环境执法现状，提高执法效率，就必须完善环境执法程序，使环境执法规范化、程化。     

论环境健康影响评价

建设项目与发展政策的环境健康影响评价是环境影响评价的一个重要组成部分，但目前为止我国尚未得到足够重视。文章较详细地阐述了环境健康影响评价的重要性及其限制因素，并介绍了环境健康影响的评价方法和评价程序，最后提出了若干识别环境健康因素的实例。     

中美环境行政听证程序的比较

环境进政听证是促进环境行政主管部门公正行使权力、保护环境行政管理相对人合法权利的法定程序。比较中美环境行政听政程序在沿革，体系，具体内容，适用范围等方面的特点，探讨完善中国环境行政听证的途径。     

环境教育评价的探讨

为把我国环境教育工作提高到新水平，建立适用于我国大，中城市的环境教育评价体系，对环境教育评价的必要性，原则、类型、内容、方法、程序、奖惩和当前评价的重点等。进行了探讨和提出了构想。     

环境规划与城市总体规划比较分析

环境规划与城市总体规划是相互联系和渗透,同时又各有侧重,具有相对独立性的两种规划.城市总体规划的研究对象是一定时期的某城市,而环境规划则是针对“社会-经济-环境“这一大的复合生态系统;城市总体规划具有城市建设发展纲领的性质,而环境规划则更侧重于污染防治和生态保护与建设;从与可持续发展的关系来说,环境规划更侧重环境保护的重要意义,而城市总体规划则是城市建设发展的蓝图,对城市经济、社会和人口、资源、环境等都具有指导和控制作用,涉及面更广.另外,两种规划的编制、审批和管理单位也不同.     

Reducing emissions from in-use vehicles: an evaluation of the Phoenix inspection and maintenance program using test results and independent emissions measurements

Various federal regulations require states to evaluate the effectiveness of their vehicle inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs in reducing in-use emissions. One method to evaluate program effectiveness is to compare initial and final program test results of individual vehicles. Unscheduled emissions measurements, from remote sensing measurement or roadside pullover testing, can also be used to provide an independent assessment of program effectiveness. We compared emissions reductions from the Arizona IM240 program measured by program data and a large set of remote sensing measurements. Remote sensing measurements indicate smaller emission reductions from the program than those calculated directly from program test results. We discuss some possible causes of the differences obtained from the two sets of measurements.     

对“三北”防护林体系工程的思考与展望

“三北”防护林体系工程是一项宏伟的工程,她不仅是中国生态环境建设的伟大创举,也是全球生态环境建设的重要组成部分。始于1978年的这项生态工程,23年来累计造林保存面积2203.72×104hm₂,“三北”地区的森林覆盖率已从工程开始实施时的5.05%提高到目前的9%,一些重点地区的区域性防护林体系已初具规模,生态效益、经济效益、社会效益都有了不同程度的提高。这一工程体系突破了传统的单一模式,实行带、片、网相结合,人工造林、飞播造林、封山封沙育林相结合,造(林)、封(育)、管(护)相结合,丰富了防护林体系建设的科学内涵。21世纪前50年是“三北”防护林体系建设的攻坚期,也是决战期,必须重视科技成果的推广运用,加快工程建设步伐,并采取切实措施巩固建设成果。     

上海市在用车I／M计划管理体系的探讨

在用机动车监测与维修制度（I／M计划）是减少机动车污染排放的最主要措施。借鉴美国I／M计划取得的经验，提出上海市在用车I／M 计划管理体系，建立上海市I／M 计划管理中心和监测 中心。     

Improving sustainability through effective reuse of product returns: minimizing waste in a batch blending process environment

A case study of a successful reuse program in a batch blending production environment is presented. This program involves not only addressing the company's own potential waste, but also working with distributors and customers to take back and reuse product, thus eliminating the customers' burden of disposal. Implications of the program for downstream supply chain partners are identified and a structured approach for implementation is presented. Modification for use in similar production environments is possible, enhancing sustainability, while providing environmental as well as economic benefits.     

长轴类锻件模截面积的自动计算

在微机锻模CAD系统中,利用程序自生成技术提出了一种自动计算长轴类锻件横截面面积的新方法,并据此编制了AutoLISP程序。     

海洋环境监测方案任务标准化的研究与实现

海洋环境监测方案是描述海洋环境监测工作内容的方案,内容是文字说明性质的。随着相关海洋环境监测软件系统对结构化的工作任务信息需求日益提高,必须考虑海洋环境监测方案任务标准化的实现方法。文中介绍了海洋环境监测方案任务标准化的原则,描述了实现过程,并给出了北海区海水监测方案任务标准化的实现示例,对未来海洋环境监测方案任务标准化的发展提出了展望。     

LYl2半球形件拉深成形过程的动力显式有限元模拟

基于连续介质力学及有限变形理论 ,建立了用于三维板料成形过程模拟的有限元模型 ,开发了动力显式算法的板料成形过程模拟的有限元分析程序DESSFORMM3D。最后 ,用笔者新开发的动力显式弹粘塑性有限元程序对不同压边情况下半球形件的拉深过程进行分析 ,并把数值结果与实验进行对比 ,验证了软件的计算结果。     

The impact of Six Sigma in the performance of a Pollution Prevention program

The diffusion of Pollution Prevention faces organizational barriers as for instance resistance to change, insufficient support from decision-makers, unclear project leadership, insufficient employee accountability and inflexible organizational structures. To understand how to overcome such barriers, the performance of a Pollution Prevention program of a multinational corporation is analyzed. The quantitative analyses of 2096 Pollution Prevention projects conducted between 1995 and 2007 support the conclusion that the performance of the Pollution Prevention program increased after the implementation of the Six Sigma program. Moreover, the analyses of 1906 Pollution Prevention projects and 31,133 Six Sigma projects for cost reduction in 27 countries indicate that in countries where the implementation of Six Sigma is more expressive, pollution is prevented more than in countries with less expressive Six Sigma implementation. In fact, the Six Sigma implementation improved the organizational capability for data based project management. Therefore, comparing six years before and six years after the Six Sigma implementation, the total number of Pollution Prevention projects recognized increased 6.9 times and the total amount of pollution prevented increased by 62%. The qualitative analysis describes how the Six Sigma program interacts with the Pollution Prevention program in the studied company.     

A Land Cover Change Monitoring Program: Strategy for an International Effort

An international system for monitoring land cover change is needed to support a range of scientific and policy objectives. Although much of the technology and methods are readily available, such a program has yet to be implemented. This paper outlines the rationale, requirements, and strategy for implementing a land cover-monitoring program using satellite remote sensing, field and ground measurements, and models and assessments. The proposed program builds on existing activities throughout the world and is designed to simultaneously meet the needs of the international policy, global change research, and national resource management. Outputs from this program would provide support to the Framework Convention on Climate Change, lead to the development of consistent country-level emission inventories, and address important scientific problems in global change research such as closing the global carbon budget.