低碳城市发展路径思考

为应对全球气候变化,人类开始寻求低碳发展方式。城市作为人类经济、社会活动的集中地,是低碳发展理念的实践主体。阐述了低碳城市的概念,分析了低碳城市发展的技术路径,介绍了国际上低碳城市的实践途径,提出了我国低碳城市的发展路径和对策思考。     

基于多指标信息融合的城市低碳发展水平测度研究

在已有研究基础上,从碳排放水平、经济发展、能源消耗、交通出行、科学教育、资源环境、工业发展7个准则层以及30个指标层设计城市低碳发展水平评价指标体系;并融合两阶段因子分析法、聚类分析以及基尼系数等方法,构建融合多指标信息的城市低碳发展水平评价体系,综合评价了中国各地级及以上城市的低碳经济发展水平。结果表明：1)我国城市低碳发展仍存在区域不平衡的问题,城市低碳经济发展水平主要受经济高质量发展、城市行政等级、产业转型等因素影响。2)我国城市低碳发展力度受相关政策影响,科学可行的政策对于城市低碳发展水平具有强大导向作用以及推力,促使其朝积极健康的方向动态变化。     

低碳经济的概念内涵

在研究国内外学者的相关论点后,对低碳经济的定义、特征、要素和科学内涵等进行了界定。认为低碳经济是一种以低能耗、低污染、低排放为特点的发展模式,是以应对气候变化、保障能源安全、促进经济社会可持续发展有机结合为目的的规制世界发展格局的新规则。低碳经济具有经济性、技术性和目标性3大特征。低碳经济由低碳技术、低碳能源、低碳产业、低碳城市和低碳管理5个要素构成。发展低碳经济有低碳社会、低碳市场、低碳产业3个切入点。低碳经济是一种经济发展理念,更是一种经济发展模式;低碳经济是一个科学问题,更是一个政治问题;同时,低碳经济也是一个经济、社会、环境系统交织在一起的综合性问题。     

低碳城市建设中不同行为主体的行为模式解析

随着工业化、城市化进程的快速推进,城市要面对能源消费、热岛效应、气候变化等一系列挑战。为了应对这些挑战,我们必须建设低碳城市。具体分析了中国低碳城市建设的困境,基于微观行为主体的视角,构建了＂MOCIC＂分析模型,最后从政府、企业、居民3个层面提出了中国低碳城市建设的对策。     

基于低碳经济的能源资源协调发展的研究

能源是经济发展的命脉。经济和能源的协调发展是社会发展的原动力。经济发展离开能源的基础,那将是无源之水,无本之木。所以,经济和能源应该协调发展,社会才能稳步前进。发展低碳经济是利用先进的技术和有效的管理方法与手段,保护资源,保护环境,实现社会和经济的可持续化发展的必由之路;是我国经济发展方式转型,产业结构调整过程中必须完成的紧迫任务之一。世界产业结构的变动,必然影响到开放度不断加大的我国,正是在这样的背景下,我国的煤炭及其他矿产品的出口不断增长。在我国融人经济全球化的过程中,要注意在接受国际产业结构调整对我国经济发展有利影响的同时,要用低碳经济的发展战略模式,避免消极影响危及我国经济的长期、根本利益。应该在这个大前提下,对我国自然资源进行有计划的开发和提高自然资源的有效利用。实现可持续发展已经成为中国社会经济发展的一个重要基本方针,可持续发展不仅要强调对环境的保护,而且应包括如何解决在人口已经高度密集,人均资源相对匮乏,自然生态环境已经十分脆弱的条件下,如何实现经济的长期高速发展,同时又要保护环境的这样一个史无前例的社会实践问题。低碳经济和能源资源的协调发展就成了解决这一问题的必经之路。能源既是重要的必不可少的经济发展和社会生活的物质前提,又是现实的重要污染来源,解决好我国的能源可持续发展战略问题,是实现我国社会经济可持续发展的重要环节。     

韧性视角下低碳城市建设方法与建议——以厦门市为例

低碳城市建设是实现我国碳排放达峰和增强城市韧性的重要手段,但鲜有以具体城市为例系统性地对低碳城市建设的方法、成效进行总结和反思.基于厦门市10年低碳城市建设实践,阐述了以低碳型城市形态为总体布局,各行业管理为支撑,具体工作方案来落实的低碳城市建设方法.针对实践过程中的不足,提出以下4个方面的建议:一是编制低碳城市专项规...     

第12届中国科协年会第4分会场——低碳经济与生态文明研讨会的通知

全球气候变化和能源问题越来越深刻地影响着人类的生存和发展,是各国共同面临的重大挑战,发展低碳经济,建设低碳型社会,作为协调经济社会发展、保障能源安全和应对气候变化的基本途径,已经被越来越多的国家认同。     

基于新加坡模式推进中国低碳生态城市发展的思考

通过回顾新加坡城市发展过程,分析了新加坡城市规划、建设、管理、发展四位一体的低碳生态化发展模式。在此基础上,对中国城市发展提出了以低碳生态为规划导向、以增强城市载体功能和绿色发展为建设目的、以完备立法、严格执法、全民参与为管理手段,以＂两型社会＂为发展目标的建议,推进低碳生态城市发展。     

碳中和目标下的能源经济转型路径

当今社会,经济发展与环境保护之间的矛盾日益凸显,针对严峻的生态发展形势,我国提出了碳达峰、碳中和能源经济发展战略,旨在协调环境与经济之间的发展关系。为有效促进能源产业的转型升级,实现能源低碳、绿色、可持续的开发利用目标,能源企业应在全面梳理“双碳”政策体系的基础上,深入研究产业转型的必要性与可行性,创新发展理念。为此,通过碳中和改革政策对当前能源产业的影响分析,结合油田公司长效发展战略,提出了科学控制化石能源生产与供应环节碳排放总量、提高火炬气与伴生气的循环利用效率、做好末端脱碳处理工作等策略,针对性地提升了单位的生产能效,并贯彻低碳发展原则,切实落实了碳中和能源经济长效发展战略。     

四川遂宁现代生态田园城市建设的研究

生态田园城市是现代城市的发展目标,已成为我国城市建设的热点.现代生态田园城市建设的关键在于建立城市生态基础设施系统,为城市可持续发展和营造宜居环境提供生态系统服务.遂宁现代生态田园城市规划将生态基础设施规划、产业发展规划、社会公共服务设施规划"三规合一",营造一个生态安全健康、生产低碳高效、生活安康富裕,社会公平和谐的美丽新城市.     

Transition to a low-carbon city: lessons learned from Suzhou in China

Climate change has become one of the most serious challenges facing humanity; developing a low-carbon economy provides new opportunities for addressing this issue. Building a low-carbon city has been pursued by people with a high degree of enthusiasm in China. Different from actions at the national level and distinct from practices of developed countries, low-carbon development in Chinese cities should be placed on diverse concerns. Taking Suzhou of Jiangsu Province of China as a case city, this paper adopts a scenario analysis approach to explore strategic focal points in the transition to a low-carbon city. Within this transition, we mainly focus on the different contributions from two factors-economic restructuring and technological upgrading. Scenario analysis results show that 1) in the case of no breakthrough technologies, it is difficult to achieve absolute emission reductions; 2) technologies involved in optimizing energy structure and improving energy efficiency of basic service sectors should be highly emphasized in local planning; 3) in comparison with technological upgrading, economic structural adjustment could be a stronger contributor to mitigation, which is one of the main differences from developed countries. However, the key issue of economic restructuring is to promote the growth of emerging low-carbon industries, which requires not only a strategic choice of new industries but also an introduction of advanced low-carbon technologies. It is also found that establishing a local carbon emissions accounting system is a prerequisite and the first priority for realizing a low-carbon transition and government capacity buildings should be strengthened accordingly.     

天津节能减排、低碳发展战略思考

目前天津在节能减排、低碳发展方面取得了一定成效,但仍面临着巨大的压力。其主要原因：经济发展对能源消耗的依赖程度较高,能源消费对高碳能源的依赖程度过高,经济发展对高碳产业的依赖程度过高。因此,天津节能减排、低碳发展的战略目标应指向＂脱钩＂,即经济发展逐渐降低对能源消耗的依赖程度;战略核心在于能源消费要从源头上逐渐摆脱对高碳能源的过度依赖,经济发展要逐步摆脱对高碳产业和产业结构的过度依赖。     

Development of a low-carbon economy in China

Under the pressures of climate change, many countries are trying to adapt to a low-carbon economy. In this paper, we review the development pattern of the low-carbon economy of major countries and its impact on the world economy. We then argue that economic development and abatement of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in China should be balanced. The challenges that China faces should also be considered carefully. It is necessary for China to find an approach to solve the issues of climate change, which should include new technologies and establishing incentive mechanisms and reform-oriented policies. These guidelines can adjust the structure of the economy and energy use, improve energy efficiency, promote the development of alternative and renewable energy, enhance the potential of carbon sinks, and develop advanced technology to perfect a 'Clean Development Mechanism' and sustainable development through international cooperation.     

依靠科技进步 发展低碳农业

在全球携手应对气候变暖、减少温室气体排放的背景下,发展低碳经济是解决气候变化与经济发展矛盾的有效途径。通过描述气候变化、固碳减排对粮食安全、土壤碳汇、森林固碳、资源循环利用等影响和促进作用,深入分析发展低碳经济与可持续发展的关系,探讨如何在农业领域内开发高效循环生产体系,从而实现农业生产过程的固碳减排目的。由此,提出发展低碳农业是实现低碳经济的目标之一,它是一个复合技术体系,涉及了绿色农业、循环农业、生态文明、可持续发展理念。必须通过科学技术的突破,改造、提升低碳农业技术,改变农业现有的＂高能耗、高污染＂的生产状况,实现低碳生产、生活方式的转变。最后提出发展现代的低碳农业产业经济的对策和思考。     

基于低碳经济的天津产业结构调整战略

以低碳经济理论为指导,分析了近年来天津产业结构调整成效和存在的不足,认为天津产业结构的“高碳锁定效应”仍较明显。按照发展低碳经济的要求,提出了天津产业结构调整战略：一是加强增量控制,产业增量向第三产业倾斜,逐步“减工业化”;工业增量向高新技术产业、战略性新兴产业倾斜,逐步“降重工业化”;严格限制新增高耗能产业项目,从源...     

Ecological network determination of sectoral linkages, utility relations and structural characteristics on urban ecological economic system

Analyzing the structure and functioning of the urban system revealed ways to optimize its structure by adjusting the relationships among compartments, thereby demonstrating how ecological network analysis can be used in urban system research. Based on the account of the extended exergy utilization in the sector of urban socio-economic system, which is considered as the composition of extraction (Ex), conversion (Co), agriculture (Ag), industry (In), transportation (Tr), tertiary (Te) and households (Do) sectors, an urban ecological network model is constructed to gain insights into the economic processes oriented to sustainable urban development. Taking Beijing city as the case, the network accounting and related ecological evaluation of a practical urban economy are carried out in this study in the light of flux, efficiency, utility and structure analysis. The results showed that a large quantity of energy and resources have to be consumed to maintain the structure and function of a city. The thermodynamic efficiencies of individual sector in Beijing remain at a low level. The social system in Beijing is a highly competitive network, and there are 8 competitive relations and only two mutualistic ones. The Domestic and Agricultural sector are the major controlling factors of the system. Moreover, the assessment results of Beijing are compared with the other three socio-economic systems, Norway, UK and Italy, and the ecological network function and structure comparisons are correspondingly illuminated and discussed. The conclusions indicate that the exergy-based network analysis can be refined to become an integrative tool for evaluation, policy-making and regulation for urban socio-economic system management concerning structure and efficiency at urban levels.