TECTONISM AND MAGMATISM OF LOWER YANGTZE VALLEY

Lower Yangtze Valley is located in the middle part of East China,itis one of the fertile region of iron-copper deposits of China. In recent yearsa series of large volcanogenetic iron ore deposits were found n this area,which genetically related to Mesozoic volcanism.The present paper is tostudy the tectonic setting in the viewpoint of plate tectonics, to evaluatethe relationship between tectonism and volcanism, and to trace the mechanism of ore formation and its genesis.     

Environmental impact and health risk assessment of volatile organic compound emissions during different seasons in Beijing

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major contributors to air pollution. Based on the emission characteristics of 99 VOCs that daily measured at 10 am in winter from 15 December 2015 to 17 January 2016 and in summer from 21 July to 25 August 2016 in Beijing, the environmental impact and health risk of VOC were assessed. In the winter polluted days, the secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAP) of VOC (199.70 ± 15.05 μg/m³) was significantly higher than that on other days. And aromatics were the primary contributor (98.03%) to the SOAP during the observation period. Additionally, the result of the ozone formation potential (OFP) showed that ethylene contributed the most to OFP in winter (26.00% and 27.64% on the normal and polluted days). In summer, however, acetaldehyde was the primary contributor to OFP (22.00% and 21.61% on the normal and polluted days). Simultaneously, study showed that hazard ratios and lifetime cancer risk values of acrolein, chloroform, benzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, acetaldehyde and 1,3-butadiene exceeded the thresholds established by USEPA, thereby presenting a health risk to the residents. Besides, the ratio of toluene-to-benzene indicated that vehicle exhausts were the main source of VOC pollution in Beijing. The ratio of m-/p-xylene-to-ethylbenzene demonstrated that there were more prominent atmospheric photochemical reactions in summer than that in winter. Finally, according to the potential source contribution function (PSCF) results, compared with local pollution sources, the spread of pollution from long-distance VOCs had a greater impact on Beijing.     

Enhanced photodegradation of phenolic compounds by adding TiO2 to soil in a rotary reactor

Photodegradation ofpentachlorophenol （PCP） and p-nitrophenol （PNP） in soil was carried out in a designed rotary reactor, which can provide the soil particles with continually uniform irradiation, and on a series of thin soil layers. TiO2, as a kind of environmental friendly photocatalyst, was introduced to the soil to enhance the processes. Compared with that on the soil layers, photodegradation of PCP at initial concentration of 60 mg/kg was improved dramatically in the rotary reactor no matter whether TiO2 was added, with an increase of 3.0 times in the apparent first-order rate constants. The addition of 1 wt% TiO2 furthered the improvement by 1.4 times. Without addition of TiO2, PNP （initial concentration of 60 mg/kg） photodegradation rate in the rotary reactor was similar to that on the soil layers. When 1 wt% additional TiO2 was added, PNP photodegradation was enhanced obviously, and the enhancement in the rotary reactor was 2 times of that on the soil layers, which may be attributed to the higher frequency of the contact between PNP on soil particles and the photocatalyst. The effect of soil pH and initial concentrations of the target compounds on the photodegradation in the rotary reactor was investigated. The order of the degradation rate at different soil pH was relative to the aggregation of soil particles during mixing in the rotary reactor. Photodegradation of PCP and PNP at different initial concentrations showed that addition of TiO2 to enhance the photodegradation was more suitable for contaminated soil with higher concentration of PCP, while was effective for contaminated soil at each PNP concentration tested in our study.     

Study on the toxicity of acid rain to microbiota in soils

With simulated acid rain and acidification, the soils from both Nanning and Liuzhou municipalities, Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region have been studied to determine the counts of azotobacter, bacteria, actinomyces and the activity of urease in soils, and the changes in respiratory intensity of soil so as to identify the toxicity of acidic substances to microbiota and enzyme in such soils. The concept of the critical pH of toxicity has been developed and used to discuss the representation of the concept, the basis on which the soil treated with simulated acid rain can be taken as an object of study, and the criteria for the identification of toxicity. Based on that as mentioned above, it was found that acid rain behaved to have toxicity to the microbiota in soils from Liuzhou other than from Nanning. The findings may be regarded as an objective basis to study the toxicity of acidic substances to microbiota and enzyme in soils in this region.     

Landscape ecolgical assessment and eco—tourism development in the South Dongting Lake Wetland,China

As an important resource and the living enivronment of mankind,wetland has become gradually a highlight ,strongly concerned and intensively studied by scientists and sociologists.The governmetns in the world and the whole society have been paying more and more attention on it.The Dongting Lake of China is regarded as an internationally important wetland.For a rational development and protection of the wetland,an investigation and studied on its resources and its value to tourism in the South Dongting Lake was conducted,to create an assessment system of the ecological landscapes,and to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively the value of wetland landscape to the eco-tourism.The results showed that the scenic value of the South Dongting Lake Wetland satisfied the criterion of AAAA grade of China national scenic attraction.The eco-tourism value of the landscape cultures in the South Dongting Lake Wetland was discussed with emphasis.It were formulated that a principle and frame of sustainable exploitation of the wetland landscapes and it was proposed as well that establishing a Wetland Park and developing eco-tourism in the South Dongting Lake .Wetland is a fragile ecosystem with low resistance to the impact of the exploitation.Thus,we must pay intensively attention to the influence of exploitation on the landscape,take the ecological risk in account to employ a right countermeasure and avoid the negative affection.     

The role of atmospheric aerosol composition in climate change

The chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols has been investigated. Contributions ofsulfate and soot in aerosols to the atmospheric extinction are studied. Discussions are made on the problems of aerosol emitted from volcano, forest fires in northern China, 1987 and oil field fires in Kuwait, 1991. It is indicated that the changes in concentration, particle size, and chemical composition of aerosol after those events could have impacts on the climate change either regionally or globally and that the impact of aerosol particles on climate change could compensate for some temperature increase caused by greenhouse gases and the increase of surface intensity of ultraviolet radiation due to ozone layer depletion.     

Effect of domestic sewage on growth of phytoplankton-mathematical model

A mathematical model relating to the change in phytoplankton biomass in the period of growth and nutrient concentration in the media was proposed on the basis of the Monod equation and was testified by simulation experiments. Analysis of the experiment data showed that: the half-saturation constants for growth Kp (μmol/L) for Skeletonema, Chaetoceros and Prorocentrum were 5.52, 1.90 and 0.46, respectively; the balance between stimulation of nutrients and the inhibition of some other materials was found in the effect of domestic sewage on algal growth and the stimulation played a leading role; domestic sewage was more stimulative on dinoflag-ellate than on diatom and chlorophyte when the assemblage of the algae was cultured. The experiment suggested that mathematical model reasonably explained the characteristics of phytoplankton growth in different nutrient conditions and was worthy to be further improved for eutrophication prediction in off-shore water.     

Subcellular localization of copper in tolerant and non-tolerant plant

The ability of Elsholtzia splendens Naki( E. splendens) to accumulate copper appears to be governed by its high degree of copper tolerance. However, the tolerance mechanism on the physiological basis is unknown. Using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and energy dispersive analysis of X-rays(EDX), the likely location of copper within the cells of the tolerant and non-tolerant was determined. Here the role of vacuolar and cell wall compartmentalization in this copper tolerant plant were investigated. A direct comparison of copper locations of E. splendens and the non-tolerant Astragalus sinicus L. ( A. sinicus ) showed that the majority of copper in the tolerant was localized primarily in the vacuolar, cell wall, on the plasmamembrane, beside lipid grains induced by copper pollution, in the chloroplasts and amyloids; but in the non-tolerant, copper precipitates only be observed on the plasmamembrane, in the chloroplasts and cytoplasm under copper exposure conditions that were toxic to both species. This revealed that the tolerant accumulates more copper in the vacuole and cell wall than the non-tolerant, where was regarded as the storage compartment of tolerant plant or hyperaccumulator for heavy metals.     

Photolysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on soil surfaces under UV irradiation

Photolysis of some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on soil surfaces may play an important role in the fate of PAHs in the environment.Photolysis of PAHs on soil surfaces under UV irradiation was investigated.The effects of oxygen,irradiation intensity and soil moisture on the degradation of the three PAHs were observed.The results showed that oxygen,soil moisture and irradiation intensity enhanced the photolysis of the three PAHs on soil surfaces.The degradation of the three PAHs on soil surfaces is related to their absorption spectra and the oxidation-half-wave potential.The photolysis of PAHs on soil surfaces in the presence of oxygen followed pseudo first-order kinetics.The photolysis half-lives ranged from 37.87 days for benzo[a]pyrene to 58.73 days for phenanthrene.The results indicate that photolysis is a successful way to remediate PAHs-contaminated soils.     

Factors effecting aluminum speciation in drinking water by laboratory research

Effects of aluminum on water distribution system and human health mainly attribute to its speciation in drinking water. Laboratory experiments were performed to investigate factors that may influence aluminum speciation in water supply system. The concentration of soluble aluminum and its transformation among other aluminum species were mainly controlled by kinetics processes of related reactions. Total aluminum concentration had a notable e ect on the concentrations of mononuclear and soluble aluminum in the first 4 day; then its e ect became weak. At pH above 7.50, both fluoride and orthophosphate had little e ect on aluminum speciation; while, when the solution pH was below 7.50, the concentrations of mononuclear and soluble aluminum were proportional to the concentration of fluoride and inversely proportional to the concentration of orthophosphate. Both mononuclear and polynuclear silicic acids could complex with mononuclear aluminum by forming soluble aluminosilicates. In addition, the adding sequence of orthophosphate and aluminum into drinking water would also a ect the distribution of aluminum species in the first 4 day. In order to minimize aluminum bioavailability in drinking water, it was suggested that orthophosphate should be added prior to coagulant process, and that the concentrations of fluoride and silicic acids should be controlled below 2.0 and 25 mg/L, respectively, prior to the treatment. The solution pH in coagulation and filtration processes should be controlled in the range of 6.50–7.50.     

阿尔泰地区华力西期火山作用与金矿的关系

阿尔泰地区华力西期火山作用强烈,火山岩分布广泛.根据火山活动方式、火山岩的空间分布及岩石组合,火山作用的构造背景,将本区划分为5个构造-岩浆岩带.在分析全区火山岩的岩石学、岩石化学、地球化学和稀土元素等特征的基础上,进而讨论了火山作用的构造地质背景,指出了华力西期阿尔泰地区为板块碰撞机制下的沟、弧、盆体系.火山作用与金成矿作用关系的研究表明:形成金矿化的诸多因素,包括矿质来源、动力源、矿液通道、容矿围岩等都与火山作用有关;金矿成矿带的空间展布受构造-岩浆岩带的控制.     

Submersible observations of the New England Seamounts

Plate tectonics has established the relationship of volcanism to constructional plate margins such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, to consuming plate boundaries such as the subduction zones comprising the Pacific “ring of fire,” and to leakage of magma along transform faults like St. Paul's Fracture Zone; however, mid-plate volcanism, which produces many oceanic islands and seamounts, is largely unexplained by plate tectonics. Studies of mid-plate volcanism have been mainly confined to oceanic islands which may be generically different from seamounts. To extend our knowledge of global tectonics and the nature of the underlying mantle source of mid-plate volcanism, we must direct our most advanced techniques to the study of seamounts and their lineaments. Herein we describe the first reported visual observations of the morphology and lithology of volcanoes comprising one such chain—the New England Seamounts.     

贵州碳酸盐岩风化壳中晶体石英的硅同位素组成及硅质来源探讨

本文报道了黔北、黔东地区三个碳酸盐岩风化壳剖面中晶体石英的δ30Si值,利用硅同位素作为示踪剂,通过分析剖面中晶体石英的硅同位素组成来判别其硅质来源。结果表明:晶体石英的δ30Si值在0.8‰~1.7‰范围内,具有较高的同位素组成特征,与火山和热液(水)作用产物的δ30Si值不同,结合已有的资料证明晶体石英与火山或热液(水)作用无直接关系,而是来自碳酸盐岩酸不溶物中含硅物质风化产生的硅质流体,其中以硅酸矿物风化释放的硅质流体为主。利用植物岩中Ge/Si很小的特点来验证植物作用对研究剖面中硅质流体的影响,结果表明植物作用的贡献相对较小,但在表土层植物作用的影响可能不容忽视。     

浙闽赣中生代陆相火岩原始岩浆来源及其演化问题

根据同位素地球化学结合稀土元素配分模式特征,本区中生代火山岩原始岩浆来源于地壳和地幔二元组分相混合的体系。Sr同位素组成的计算,大致定量地显示由老而新由西向东加入的壳源组分逐渐减少,幔源组分逐渐增加。火山活动在时空和原始组分上,都呈现一致的演化规律。     

一个典型的复成因矿床—江西武山铜矿

武山铜矿存在两种不同类型矿床,含铜黄铁矿型为海底喷气沉积成因,矽卡岩型铜矿系接触交代成因。在特定的地质条件下,它们迭生在一起,是一个典型的复成因矿床。     

吉林延吉八道金矿构造控矿模式

八道金矿为延吉中生代火山岩型金矿中较为典型的矿床之一。其矿床成因，除与火山作用有关之外直接受构造的控制，而火山作用本身又与区域深大断裂有关。本文着重讨论了矿区火山岩与朝阳河断裂的关系及构造控矿模式。     

浙东中生代火山岩岩石系列及大地构造环境判别

应用Q—型聚类分析、对应因子分析及某些微量元素图解等方法,判别出本区火山岩属高钾钙碱性系列,它与东太平洋沿岸火山岩及花岗岩相似,而与日本、台湾等岛弧火山岩相差较大,可能属于活动大陆边缘构造环境的产物。     

锡田地区成矿地质特征及找矿方向

锡田地区属南岭成矿带的重要组成部分。自国土资源大调查项目开展以来,区内地质找矿工作进展明显,已发现规模较大的钨锡多金属矿脉20多条,矿床类型多种多样。通过对区内花岗岩地质、地球化学、控矿构造及主要钨锡矿床地质特征分析研究,提出锡田地区具有良好的找矿前景。     

阿舍勒块状铜锌硫化物矿床基本特征

新疆阿舍勒块状铜锌硫化物矿床在阿尔泰克兰海西褶皱带玛尔卡库里深断裂的东北侧,产于中泥盆统阿舍勒组英安岩及英安质火山碎屑岩中,与次火山岩关系密切,矿床具有明显的分带性。矿体下盘矿化和围岩蚀变强烈。认为是与海底火山作用有关的黑矿型块状铜锌硫化物矿床。     

南京雨花石

南京出产的雨花石为天赐瑰宝，按照矿物岩石学可分为11类，可从岩石质地、艺术、科学、历史四个方面评价其价值。雨花石作为砾石、卵石主要是由河流作用形成的，而组成雨花石的原岩的成因各异，火山作用是最为重要的成因方式。雨花石可从产品销售以及发展旅游事业等方面加以利用，搞好规划开发利用时要注意保护资源。