城郊旅游的潜在市场特征及产品开发--以合肥市为例

城市郊区已成为旅游的热点区域,合肥市对行政区域进行划分后,正着手大力开发城郊旅游.为了使合肥城郊旅游业的发展更具科学性,在实地调查基础上,分析了合肥城郊旅游潜在的市场特征,得出其城郊旅游开发市场潜力巨大;在分析外来旅游者及市民的城郊旅游意向基础上探讨了合肥城郊旅游产品开发,认为新城郊区旅游功能可定位为水上休闲度假娱乐中心和生态农业观光园区;最后提出合肥城郊旅游科学开发的几点建议.     

南京市产业结构优化分析

南京市经济健康、快速发展的关键是产业结构的调整与优化，对南京市产业结构进行深入分析具有十分重要的实际意义。结合定性和定量的方法，从产业结构演变、产业水平、产业效益和工业内部结构等几个方面对南京市产业结构加以分析，并在此基础上，归纳出南京市产业结构的特点，提出了南京市产业结构优化的对策。     

成都犀池拟浮丝藻水华成因探析

拟浮丝藻是我国水华蓝藻的一个新记录属,我国对此类水华缺乏研究,成都也未曾有此类报道。2008年7~8月,在原成都世界乐园犀池内首次暴发了大规模拟浮丝藻水华。为了解犀池拟浮丝藻水华的成因,对犀池2007~2008年监测资料进行了分析,研究表明:犀池富营养化正以每年平均8.1%的速率不断加剧,大规模发生拟浮丝藻水华的营养指数临界值为85,水温为25℃~30℃,pH=8.2~8.8,较小的氮磷比值(TN∶TP=10)有利于拟浮丝藻水华生长。     

Effects of signals of disorder on fear of crime in real and virtual environments

Despite the fact that virtual environments are increasingly deployed to study the relation between urban planning, physical and social disorder, and fear of crime, their ecological validity for this type of research has not been established. This study compares the effects of similar signs of public disorder (litter, warning signs, cameras, signs of vandalism and car burglary) in an urban neighborhood and in its virtual counterpart on the subjective perception of safety and livability of the neighborhood. Participants made a walking tour through either the real or the virtual neighborhood, which was either in an orderly (baseline) state or adorned with numerous signs of public disorder. During their tour they reported the signs of disorder they noticed and the degree to which each of these affected their emotional state and feelings of personal safety. After finishing their tour they appraised the perceived safety and livability of the environment. Both in the real and in the simulated urban neighborhood, signs of disorder evoked associations with social disorder. In all conditions, neglected greenery was spontaneously reported as a sign of disorder. Disorder did not inspire concern for personal safety in reality and in the virtual environment with a realistic soundscape. However, in the absence of sound disorder compromised perceived personal safety in the virtual environment. Signs of disorder were associated with negative emotions more frequently in the virtual environment than in its real-world counterpart, particularly in the absence of sound. Also, signs of disorder degraded the perceived livability of the virtual, but not of the real neighborhood. Hence, it appears that people focus more on details in a virtual environment than in reality. We conclude that both a correction for this focusing effect and realistic soundscapes are required to make virtual environments an appropriate medium for both etiological (e.g. the effects of signs of disorder on fear of crime) and intervention (e.g. CPTED) research.     

EPR在电子废物管理中的应用

指出电子废物具有商品性、外部性、公共物品三个经济学属性,以及在市场条件下上述属性所带来的市场失灵问题。研究了延伸生产者责任的理念、框架和种类,总结了电子废物延伸生产者责任制度的两种执行方式。借鉴国外先进经验、针对我国实际现状,提出了分阶段完善我国电子废物管理体制的政策建议。     

A method for prediction of extent of microbial pollution of seawater and carrying capacity of beaches

The increase in the number of tourists visiting a coast is desired by most of the countries for economic reasons. However, this increase in tourism may cause pollution of the sea. This can be only avoided by proper planning and by predicting the carrying capacity of the coast in terms of sea pollution. This is especially important for developing countries where part of the wastewater is discharged without any treatment into the sea.In the present study the beaches were classified according to their use — and consequently the amount of waste discharged into the sea — into four groups: (1) coasts that are used only for swimming and recreational purposes; (2) coasts used simultaneously for dwelling, swimming, and recreational purposes; (3) coasts along which only dwellings exist; and (4) natural and man-made harbors, i.e., coasts used as shelters. During the survey,40,320 observations were made between December 1985 and February 1988 to determine the effect of the number of tourists on seawater quality. The results obtained were analyzed by a multilinear regression program to obtain an empirical equation giving the extent of the sea pollution in terms of coliform concentration as a function of population density and some other environmental factors.The equations derived in this study enable the determination of the carrying capacity of a beach in terms of pollution as well as the expected degree of pollution corresponding to a given population density. Furthermore, it allows the prediction of the extra carrying capacity that can be obtained by improving the waste-disposal conditions.     

零价纳米铁在修复受污染地下水中的最新进展

本文针对零价纳米铁(nZVI)在修复受污染地下水中存在的易于团聚、迁移性低及易于老化等问题,详细介绍了近年在这些问题研究上的最新进展,包括材料的改性,改性材料对污染物降解的效果及研究中不同因素的影响等。并就nZVI对难降解复杂有机污染物的降解进行了总结,在此基础上展望了nZVI对一类新兴污染物,药品和个人护理用品(PPCPs)的降解。     

风景区旅游环境容量的经济学分析--兼论黄金周规模经济现象

在分析旅游黄金周部分景区超载规律的基础上,指出了在景区经营中旅游环境容量是规模经济性的度这个关系,景区超载即会产生规模不经济;并从规模经济学的角度提出了开发多元产品和调整产品线路结构等提高旅游环境容量的方法和措施.     

荧光法快速测定浮游植物以及应用于梅梁湖预警监测可行性探讨

YSI 6600-V2多功能水质自动监测仪采用荧光原理快速测定水体中浮游植物蓝绿藻的密度,梅梁湖夏季水华高发期时,湖体中的浮游植物几乎全部是蓝绿藻。传统的浮游植物监测前处理方面就需要24~48 h,最终要数天后才有镜检结果,导致浮游植物数据滞后,不能很好的应用到预警监测中。通过比对相关性验证,保证荧光法数据的可信度,提高工作效率,为预警监测提供有力的支持。     

Energy analysis of nonmarket values of the Mississippi Delta

An energy analysis was used to estimate nonmarket values under various land cover scenarios in the Mississippi Delta. Land loss since 1900 has led to a decline in nonmarket values from $3.1 billion/year in 1900 to $2.5 billion in 1990, resulting in a total loss of $29.4 billion. This loss is concentrated in the Barataria-Terrebonne basins, where nonmarket value has dropped from $1.6 billion/year in 1956 to $1.3 billion/year in 1988. Although values are projected to increase in the Atchafalaya basin (from $723 million/year in 1988 to $756 million/year in 2058), total nonmarket value for the Louisiana coast is projected to decrease to $2.1 billion/year under currently approved levels of restoration.     

Recent developments of safer formulations of agrochemicals

The primary objectives of formulation technology are to optimise the biological activity of the pesticide, and to give a product which is safe and convenient for use. However, because of the wide variety of pesticide active ingredients which are available, many different types of formulations have been developed depending mainly on the physico-chemical properties of the active ingredients. In the past most formulations were based on simple solutions in water (SL), emulsifiable concentrates in a petroleum-based solvent (EC), or dusts (DP) and wettable powders (WP). The presence of petroleum-based solvents in EC formulations and dusty powders in DP and WP formulations can lead to safety hazards in use and a negative impact on the envirnoment generally. Most government and regulatory authorities are now demanding formulations which are cleaner and safer for the user, have minimal impact on the environment, and can be applied at the lowest dose rate. Developments in formulation technology and novel formulation types, sometimes in special packaging such as water-soluble packs, can also give products a competitive advantage, add value or extend the lif-cycle of active ingredients. There is also a demand from government authorities and consumer groups to use safer formulation additives and adjuvants, and to minimise the residues of pesticides on food crops after spraying. All of these aspects are putting increasing pressure on the development of improved formulation and adjuvant technologies. Pesticide formulations for spray application and for seed treatment are discussed, along with developments in bioenchancement.     

Impact of ectomycorrhizal colonization of hybrid poplar on the remediation of diesel-contaminated soil

Infection by ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi may benefit hybrid poplar growing in contaminated soils by providing greater access to water and nutrients and possibly protecting the trees from direct contact with toxic contaminants. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of colonization of the ECM fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch on hybrid poplar fine root production, biomass and N and P uptake when grown in diesel-contaminated soil (5000 mg diesel fuel kg soil(-1)). Commercially available Mycogrow Tree Tabs were the source of inoculum. A minirhizotron camera was used to provide the data necessary for estimating fine root production. Colonization of hybrid poplar roots (P. deltoides x [P. laurifolia x P. nigra] cv. Walker) by P. tinctorius increased total fine root production in diesel-contaminated soil to 56.58 g m(-2) compared to 22.59 g m(-2) in the uncolonized, diesel-contaminated treatment. Hybrid poplar leaf N and P concentrations were significantly greater in the diesel-contaminated/ECM-colonized treatment compared to the diesel-contaminated/uncolonized treatment after 12 wk, while significantly less diesel fuel was recovered from the soil of the uncolonized treatment compared to the colonized treatment. Both planted treatments removed more contaminants from the soil than an unplanted control. Significantly greater concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) were found sequestered in hybrid poplar root/fungal-sheath complexes from the colonized treatment compared to the roots of the uncolonized treatment. The results of this study indicate that over a 12-wk growth period, ECM colonization of hybrid poplar in diesel-contaminated soils increased fine root production and whole-plant biomass, but inhibited removal of TPH from the soil.     

燃煤二氧化硫控制技术应用概况

由燃煤引起的二氧化硫污染已成为大气环境中最主要的污染因子。为解决这个问题，我国结合国外的技术成果，进行了各种脱硫技术的研究。介绍了各种治理技术应用情况，并结合实际经验对其中应注意的问题给予评述。     

陕北高原最高最低气温时空变化特征分析

采用气候倾向率、趋势系数、普通克里格插值、Mann—Kendall检验、小波分析等方法对陕北高原1960-2009年最高气温、最低气温的时空变化特征与突变特点进行分析。结果表明,近50年来陕北高原最高、最低气温均有明显增温趋势,分别为0．3℃／10a和0．32℃／10a;最高、最低气温增温幅度存在季节差异,最高气温在春季增温幅度最大,最低气温在冬季增温幅度最大;最高、最低气温增温的地区差异也较显著,最高气温增温趋势从北向南呈间隔分布,最低气温增温趋势从西向东逐渐递减;最高、最低气温升温突变显著,分别为1994年和1993年;最低气温突变早于最高气温,说明最低气温比最高气温敏感。     

歙县上丰花果山植物资源及开发利用

歙县上丰花果山的植物资源丰富,有果树、材用林木、茶树等大量经济植物资源。调查了花果山的经济植物资源,并对其利用现状进行了分析,对其合理开发利用提出了建议,以期为黄山地区的生态旅游和经济发展提供参考。     

我国公共场所禁烟现状及对策分析

分析目前我国公共场所禁烟现状，探讨进一步加强公共场所禁烟工作的对策。方法：对四川、贵州、浙江、广西等地区的疾病控制中心、卫生监督所以及健康教育所的工作人员进行定性访谈，并结合文献综述。结果：尽管我国公共场所的禁烟工作取得了一些成绩，但仍存在很多不足之处。结论：公共场所彻底禁烟不仅需要烟民的自觉禁烟，也需要政府有关法令的力行实施，更需要全社会广大群众的共同参与。     

Analysis of the impact of tourism on agricultural carbon emissions-based on the mediating effect of nonagricultural transfer of labor in China

How to control the growth of agricultural carbon emissions while developing tourism has become the primary issue that needs addressing in the development of rural China. This paper explores the impact of tourism on agricultural carbon emissions and further analyses the mediating effect of labor transfer in this relationship. The analysis is evaluated using provincial panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2007 to 2019 with a sequential regression model. The results show that tourism development increases agricultural carbon emissions, which is more pronounced in areas with advanced economies or higher education levels. Second, labor transfer to nonfarming industries suppresses the increase in agricultural carbon emissions caused by tourism. Finally, (i) the impact of tourism on labor transfer in less developed and less educated regions is limited, and (ii) there is the expectation of large-scale use of agricultural machinery due to labor transfer in economically developed or highly educated areas. The heterogeneity test shows these two reasons lead to a mediating effect of labor transfer on agricultural carbon emissions in different regions.     

论资源环境持续利用中的市场机制问题

在用市场手段解决环境危害与资源利用问题中,市场经济理论与实践是不完全相一致的,甚至是相互矛盾的。为了揭示这种矛盾性,从市场对环境的失灵,社会与个人利益,环境、资源、人口与经济增长的关系,以及资源开发技术的变化与资源有效利用方面,分析了市场经济在环境、资源与市场的关系方面存在的问题,提出了用法律手段解决资源与环境问题比市场手段更有效的观点。     

德州市耕地资源态势演变的驱动力分析

耕地资源数量与质量动态变化是农区经济与社会的可持续发展的决定性因素,特别是随着农业生态环境的不断恶化,各种不定因素导致耕地数量不断减少,保护和利用好耕地资源显得尤为重要。以地处黄河下游的德州市为背景,分析了其耕地资源现状特点、耕地资源开发利用中存在的问题,采用灰色关联分析方法,找出区域耕地资源态势演变的驱动因素,并对耕地资源供需趋势和保证程度做出预测。     

《计算机文化基础》课的教学改革设想与实践

随着计算机技术的飞速发展，高校计算机教育面临着新的形势。目前在《计算机文化基础》课程教学中存在着学生基础参差不齐、教学模式呆板和考试模式僵硬等问题，提出了相应的改革设想，并在教学实践中初见成效。